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Öğe Application of multivariate chemometric techniques for simultaneous determination of five parameters of cottonseed oil by single bounce attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ELSEVIER, 2014) Talpur, M. Younis; Kara, Huseyin; Sherazi, S. T. H.; Ayyildiz, H. Filiz; Topkafa, Mustafa; Arslan, Fatma Nur; Naz, SabaSingle bounce attenuated total reflectance (SB-ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with chemometrics was used for accurate determination of free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), iodine value (IV), conjugated diene (CD) and conjugated triene (CT) of cottonseed oil (CSO) during potato chips frying. Partial least square (PLS), stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR), principal component regression (PCR) and simple Beer's law (SBL) were applied to develop the calibrations for simultaneous evaluation of five stated parameters of cottonseed oil (CSO) during frying of French frozen potato chips at 170 degrees C. Good regression coefficients (R-2) were achieved for FFA, PV, IV, CD and CT with value of > 0.992 by PLS, SMLR, PCR, and SBL. Root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) was found to be less than 1.95% for all determinations. Result of the study indicated that SB-ATR FTIR in combination with multivariate chemometrics could be used for accurate and simultaneous determination of different parameters during the frying process without using any toxic organic solvent. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Chemical Characterization of Canola and Sunflower Oil Deodorizer Distillates(INST ANIMAL REPRODUCTION & FOOD RESEARCH POLISH ACAD SCIENCES OLSZTYN, 2014) Naz, Saba; Sherazi, Syed Tufail Hussain; Talpur, Farah Naz; Kara, Huseyin; Uddin, Siraj; Khaskheli, Abdul RaufIn the present work deodorizer distillates of canola and sunflower oil were studied for their chemical characterization. Tocopherols, sterols, hydrocarbons and fatty acid composition were determined by Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that deodorizer distillates of canola oil (DDCLO) studied had higher saponification value in the range of 164.2-175.8 mg/g and all deodorizer distillates of sunflower oil (DDSFO) had high iodine value of 126.2-127.1 g/100 g. Peroxide value and free fatty acids were present in the range between 7.0-8.9 mEq/Kg and 35.7-54.4 g/100 g in DDSFO and DDCLO samples, respectively. Contents of oleic acid (49.3-51.1 g/100 g) and linolenic acid (6.2-7.5 g/100 g) were significantly greater in DDCLO samples. Conversely, DDSFO contained concentrated amount of linoleic acid (52.8-53.3 g/100 g). Tocopherols and hydrocarbons were significantly higher in all DDSFO samples while, sterols were dominant in DDCLO samples. GC MS provided excellent results for simultaneous determination of tocopherols, sterols, hydrocarbons and fatty acid composition of deodorizer distillates of canola and sunflower oil.Öğe Determination of Unsaponifiable Constituents of Deodorizer Distillates by GC-MS(SPRINGER, 2012) Naz, Saba; Sherazi, S. T. H.; Talpur, Farah N.; Talpur, M. Younis; Kara, HuseyinDeodorizer distillate is an important by-product obtained during deodorization in the edible oil industries. It is a complex mixture of many health beneficial constituents like phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. In the present study a simple gas chromatographic method with mass spectrometry was used for the separation, detection and quantification of different components present in the deodorizer distillate in a very short analysis time of 18 min. A simple saponification procedure without derivatization was used for their analysis followed by GC-MS analysis. Phytosterols concentration (21.27-25.53%) was the most abundant in canola and palm distillate samples whereas, squalene and tocopherol were present in concentration ranges of 2.89-13.21% and 1.29-5.81%, respectively. The present study revealed that the unsaponifiable fraction of deodorizer distillate could be used in cosmetic preparations due to its appreciable amount of bioactive constituents.Öğe A green approach for the production of biodiesel from fatty acids of corn deodorizer distillate(ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY, 2014) Naz, Saba; Kara, Huseyin; Sherazi, Syed Tufail Hussain; Aljabour, Abdalaziz; Talpur, Farah NazA novel alginic acid derived tin catalyst, tin alginate (Sn-Alg), was successfully synthesized, characterized and applied for methyl esterification. Initially, the amount of catalyst, methanol to fatty acid ratio and reaction time were optimized using an oleic acid standard for esterification. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be 4% catalyst, 1 : 12 oleic acid to methanol mole ratio and 2 h reaction time with 98.7% fatty acid methyl ester recovery. The capability of Sn-Alg beads to esterify the fatty acids of corn deodorizer distillate was evaluated. High recovery (97.6%) of esters was obtained after 8 cycles using reprocessed catalyst under the optimized parameters. The results of the present study indicated that based on the environmental pollution, reusability, avoiding the use of potassium or sodium hydroxides or sulphuric or phosphoric acids, and ease of catalyst separation, the solid Sn-Alg catalyst has a great potential for biodiesel production from highly free fatty acid deodorizer distillates.Öğe Impact of Frying on Key Fatty Acid Ratios of Canola Oil(Wıley, 2012) Talpur, Muhammad Younis; Sherazi, Syed Tufail Hussain; Mahesar, Sarfaraz Ahmed; Naz, Saba; Kara, HüseyinThe study was carried out to investigate the changes in saturated (SFA), monoene (MUFA), trans (TFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids and the key fatty acid ratios (SFA/UFA, cis PUFA/SFA, C18:2/C16:0 and C18:3/C16:0) during potato chips frying in canola oil using single bounce attenuated total reflectance FTIR (SB-ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The data obtained from GC-FID were used as reference. The calibration of main fat groups and their key fatty acid ratios were developed by partial least square (PLS) regression coefficients using 4000 to 650?cm-1 spectral range. FTIR PLS regression for the predicted SFA, MUFA, TFA, and PUFA were found 0.999, 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999, respectively, whereas for SFA/UFA, cis PUFA/SFA, C18:2/C16:0 and C18:3/C16:0 the regression coefficients were 0.991, 0.997, 0.996, and 0.994, respectively. We conclude that FTIR-PLS could be used for rapid and accurate assessment of changes in the main fat groups and their key fatty acid ratios ratio during the frying process.Öğe L-lysine derived nickel nanoparticles for reductive degradation of organic dyes(VBRI Press, 2016) Khaskheli, Abdul Rauf; Naz, Saba; Soomro, Razium Ali; Özül, Faruk; Aljabour, Abdalaziz; Kalwar, Nazar Hussain; Mahesar, Abdul Waheed; Patır, Hatay İmren; Ersöz, MustafaThis report demonstrates a facile and green fabrication method for the nickel nanoparticles using L-lysine as an efficient protecting agent. The application of green amino acid (L-lysine) enabled formation highly spherical and well-dispersed nanoparticles with average diameter in the range of 10 ±2.5 nm. UV-Vis spectroscopy was used as a primary tool to elaborately study and optimize the necessary experimental condition for the developed synthetic protocol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the surface protection of Ni NPs via L-lysine molecules whereas; atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) provided morphological and topographical view of the as-synthesized Ni NPs. In addition, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to evaluate compositional characteristics of fabricated L-lysine protected Ni NPs. The as-synthesized Ni NPs demonstrated excellent catalytic potential when utilized as heterogeneous catalyst for reduction of methylene Blue (MB) in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The observed catalytic reaction was determined to follow pseudo first order kinetics with rate constant (K) and turn over frequency (TOF) determined to be 0.0224 and TOF value of 0.00411 s-1 respectively. © 2016 VBRI Press.Öğe Rapid Determination of Free Fatty Acid Content in Waste Deodorizer Distillates Using Single Bounce-Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR Spectroscopy(AOAC INT, 2012) Naz, Saba; Tufail, Saved; Sherazi, Hussain; Talpur, Farah N.; Mahesar, Sarfaraz A.; Kara, HuseyinA simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly analytical method was developed for the quantitative assessment of free fatty acids (FFAs) present in deodorizer distillates and crude oils by single bounce-attenuated total reflectance-FTIR spectroscopy. Partial least squares was applied for the calibration model based on the peak region of the carbonyl group (C=0) from 1726 to 1664 cm(-1) associated with the FFAs. The proposed method totally avoided the use of organic solvents or costly standards and could be applied easily in the oil processing industry. The accuracy of the method was checked by comparison to a conventional standard American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) titrimetric procedure, which provided good correlation (R = 0.99980), with an SD of 0.05%. Therefore, the proposed method could be used as an alternate to the AOCS titrimetric method for the quantitative determination of FFAs especially in deodorizer distillates.Öğe Urchin-like cobalt nanostructures for catalytic degradation of nitro anilines(VBRI Press, 2016) Khaskheli A.R.; Naz, Saba; Ozul, F.; Aljabour, Abdalaziz; Mahesar S.A.; Patır, I.H.; Ersöz MustafaThe undertaken study describes synthesis of urchin-like Cobalt nanostructures (Co NSs) in aqueous solution using gallic acid as both reductant and protecting agent for the catalytic degradation of 4-methyle-2-nitroaniline. UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy was used as a primary tool to elaborately study and optimizes the necessary experimental condition for the developed synthetic protocol Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed the interaction between gallic acid and the surface of Co NSs via -OH linkages although Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the formation of urchin shaped nanostructures with diameter in the range of 80-110 nm and length of tentacles between 1.0 - 1.8 ?m. The as-synthesized Co NSs proved to be excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the 100 % reductive degradation of 4-methyle-2-nitroaniline in just 60 sec in presence of reductant (NaBH4) with reaction rate calculated to follow pseudo first order kinetic and rate constant of 0.055s-1. Furthermore, Co NSs, showed excellent recyclability and were reused four times for the degradation of 4-methyle-2-nitroaniline with efficiency that displayed negligible catalytic poisoning. © 2016 VBRI Press.
