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Öğe INVESTIGATION OF ANTIBODY LEVELS FOLLOWING RABIES VACCINATION IN THE SUBJECTS WHO WERE BITEN BY ANIMALS(ANKARA MICROBIOLOGY SOC, 2009) Baysal, Buelent; Tosun, Selma; Oezdemir, Mehmet; Dogan, MetinRabies is still an important public health problem in developing countries. Vaccination against rabies should be initiated as soon as possible following the suspicious bite. It is not yet clear whether previously vaccinated people should be re-vaccinated in case of re-exposure to rabies virus. In this study it is aimed to determine the antibody titer in sera of vaccinated people and also to evaluate the relation between the antibody titer and number of vaccination. The study group consisted of 186 persons (60 female, 126 male) aged between 2-90 years (mean: 35.7 years) and who were admitted to Manisa State Hospital Rabies Follow-up Center, Turkey. Hundred and thirty five of the cases were vaccinated according to the programmes advised by WHO's reference protocol for post-exposure rabies vaccination. However, vaccination was discontinued for 51 of the cases since the follow-up of the suspicious animal revealed that it was not rabid. Five-dose vaccination programme (on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 30) was applied to 20 cases and four-dose programme (on days 0, 2, 7, 21) was applied to 115 cases. HDCV vaccine was applied as intramuscular injection and after 3-36 months following vaccination, rabies specific neutralizing IgG antibody titers were determined by using a commercial ELISA kit (Platelia Rabies II, BioRad, France). While the titer of IgG antibodies were within the protective limits (positive, >= 0.5 IU/ml) in 116 (62.4%) of the 186 cases who were given two or more doses of HDCV, the titer was below the protective level (negative) in 70 (37.6%) of the cases. Although the rates of IgG positivity in two and three dose vaccine applied group (54.5% and 55.1%, respectively) were lower than the rates in four and five dose applied group (64.3% and 70%, respectively), the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). These results denoted that the rate of protective antibody positivity was low (70%) even in full programme vaccinated cases and this might be attributed to age of the person, the length of time after vaccination, number of vaccinations and storage/transport condition of the vaccine. Thus in case of re-exposure of vaccinated people to rabies virus, it is recommended to check the anti-rabies antibody titers if possible or to re-vaccinate those people with a history of prior vaccination exceeding one year since there is high probability of low level of protective antibodies.Öğe Investigation of microbial colonization of computer keyboards used inside and outside hospital environments(ANKARA MICROBIOLOGY SOC, 2008) Dogan, Metin; Feyzioglu, Bahadir; Oezdemir, Mehmet; Baysal, BuelentComputers have been commonly used in daily life and at hospitals by medical staff. This study was carried, out to search the microbial colonization of computer keyboards and mice used inside and outside hospital environments. Keyboards and mice samples from a total of 398 computers were included to the study, in which 38 were used by doctors and nurses in the hospital clinics (Group 1); 32 by the medical faculty students (Group 2), and 328 by university students (Group 3) in the computer laboratories of Selcuk University, Konya (located at middle Anatolia). Of the computers, 96.7% (n:385) have been found to be colonized by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), 13.1% (n:52)by gram-positive spore-forming bacilli and 8.8% (n:35) by corynebacteria; followed by Candida spp. (4.2%), gram-negative bacilli (1.7%) [Acinetobacter spp. (n:4), Pseudomonas sp. (n:1), Klebsiella sp. (n:1), E.coli (n:1)], Staphylococcus aureus (1.5%), and molds (Penicillium, Aspergillus; 1.2%). The isolation rates of CoNS were similar between the groups (94,7%, 93.7%, and 97.2%, respectively). However it was noted that all, of the gram-negative bacterial isolates (7/38; 18.4%) were from the samples collected from hospital computers (Group 1). Susceptibility rates of CoNS isolates to cefoxitin were detected as 26.2% in Group 1, 79.2% in Group 2, and 91.3% in Group 3. Five out of six S.aureus strains were found susceptible to cefoxitin, except one isolated from a sample of Group 1. Linezolid resistance in both CoNS and S.aureus isolates were not determined in any groups. As a result, according to the data obtained from this study as well as from the other foreign studies, the computer keyboards and mice which are widely used in the hospital settings, are being the source of potential cross contamination in the development of nosocomial infections. Therefore the computers should be cleaned properly frequently and hand washing procedures and disinfection rules should be obeyed after the use of computers before handling the patients.