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    The effect of the different Mustard oil biodiesel blending ratios on diesel engines performance
    (SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Eryilmaz, Tanzer; Ogut, Huseyin
    In this study, wild mustard oil methyl esters were produced from wild mustard oil by transesterification. B20 and B2 type fuels were formed by mixing B100 type biodiesel with diesel fuel in 20% and 2% rates in volume. Fuel properties of fuels (B100, B20 and B2) were determined. The fuels obtained were tested in a four-stroke, 3-cylinder, 60 HP, direct injection diesel engine and were compared with diesel fuel in terms of the torque, power, fuel consumption and fume density. When B100, B20 and B2 fuels were used, the maximum torque was realized at 1200 1/min for all fuel types, B100 showed 2.39% and B20 showed 0.81% increase compared to diesel fuel, while B2 showed the same values. All of the fuels showed maximum power at 2500 1/mm, B100 and B20 showed 5.64% and 2.64% increase, respectively, while B2 didn't show any difference. When B100 used at maximum power, there was 2.86% increase in specific fuel consumption and B20 and B2 fuels showed 1.80% and 2.84% decrease, respectively. In the studies with diesel fuel, B100, B20 and B2 fuels, the highest total efficiency were determined as 34.348% at 1300 1/min, 36.103% at 2000 1/min, 36.911% at 1200 1/min and 34.565% at 1200 1/min, respectively. With increasing mixing rates, exhaust smokiness values at all engine speeds showed higher levels of decreases than diesel fuel.
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    Effects of some operational parameters in combine harvesters on grain loss and comparison between sensor and conventional measurement method
    (SILA SCIENCE, 2011) Eroglu, Mehmet Cumhur; Ogut, Huseyin; Turker, Ufuk
    Experiences have shown that grain loss is considerable high due to old combine age in Turkey where 8.6 million hectare grain is harvested. Conventional methods are slow and time consuming. Grain loss sensor and monitor may be used to overcome this disadvantage for quick measurement of grain loss. For this, grain losses were measured using grain loss monitoring system and GPS in two consecutive years (2007-2008) in two different field planted with winter wheat crop using combine harvester at two different age. During the study, different operational parameters were taken into account to assess their effects on grain losses. These were forward speed (for year 2007 3-4-5.5 km/h and for year 2008: 2.5-3.5-4.5 km/h) and three beater peripheral speeds (for year 2007: 28.26-23.55-20.41 m/s; for year 2008: 31.92-28.73-25.53 m/s). Grain losses measured by sensor were compared with traditional measurement method (three quarter meter square method). According to this, with the statistical analyses on grain loss values obtained by conventional method, the effects of harvesters forward speed, beater peripheral speed and forward speed- beater peripheral speed combinations on grain loss values were found to be significant (< 0.0001). In the tests (2007 and 2008), grain loss values were retained maximum as 5.78% and 3.24%, respectively at maximum forward speed and beater peripheral speed. While grain loss values are increased in three quarter meter square method, it is also increased in scale values read from the sensor monitor and vice versa in the points where measurement took place. As these values shown analogy with each other, using GPS and sensor together has shown the potential to track combine harvester performance at the field operations which may allow us to improve existing combine harvester operations and prevention of grain losses by setting combine harvester automatically.