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Öğe Antibacterial effects of Turkish pollen and propolis extracts at different concentrations(M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2004) Ozcan, M; Sagdic, O; Ozkan, GThe antimicrobial activity of pollen and propolis extracts was investigated against 20 species of bacteria. A wide range of antibacterial activity was shown. Only the growth of B. amyloliquefaciens, B. megaterium, E coli and E coli 01 57:H7 was not affected at all concentrations of both extracts. Among the bacteria tested, the most sensitive were S. aureus for a 1/5 level of pollen extract and L. monocytogenes for a 1/10 level of propolis extract. The most active extract level on growth of bacteria was a 1/10 concentration of propolis. At the other extreme, the inhibitory effects of propolis extract concentrations on growth of bacteria were higher when compared with the respective pollen extract concentrations. The least active concentrations towards the tested bacteria were the 1/50 level of pollen extract and the 1/1000 level of propolis extract. In conclusion it is to be stated that the extracts could be used as antibacterial agents.Öğe Antifungal effect of some spice hydrosols(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2005) Boyraz, N; Ozcan, MThe antifungal effects of rosemary, cumin, sater (savory), basil and pickling herb hydrosols were investigated against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp tulipae, Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria citri. Hydrosols of sater and pickling herb showed the most relevant fungicidal activity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Antifungal effects of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen. in Boiss. and Prangos uechtritzii Boiss. Hawsskn decoctions(AKADEMIAI KIADO, 1999) Ozcan, MAntifungal effect of Micromeria myrtifolia Boiss. & Hohen. in Boiss. and Prangos uechtritzii Boiss. Hawsskn decoctions was tested against Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus parasiticus, Botrytis cinerea. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis and Penicillium digitatum. Of the 2 substances tested Pr. uechtritzii, being present at 75 to 80% concentration in potato dextrose agar, partly inhibited growth of A. alternata, B. cinerea and P. digitatum. Pr. uechtritzii had higher antifungal effect than M. myrtifolia on mycelial growth during incubation. M. myrtifolia partly affected mycelial growth of A. alternata and A. niger at the beginning of incubation. But the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum was not inhibited by M. myrtifolia concentrations during incubation. Also, Pr. uechtritzii did not have any affect on mycelial growth of A. niger during incubation P. digitatum, the most sensitive microorganism to both decoctions. Higher decoction concentrations of plants used in study will be probably inhibit mycelial growth of microorganisms.Öğe Antifungal properties of propolis(INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS, 1999) Ozcan, MWater extracts at the concentration of 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4%, of propolis were prepared and investigated for inhibition of Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis and Penicillium digitatum in culture media. The concentration of 4% was the most inhibitory of 5 concentrations studied. Microorganisms the most effected from all the concentrations among tested fungi were Alternaria alternata and Penicillium digitatum. The concentration of 4% of propolis extract showed more than 50% inhibition against all tested microorganisms.Öğe Antioxidant activity of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts on natural olive and sesame oils(INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS, 1999) Ozcan, MThe antioxidant activities of chloroform and methanol extracts of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) were tested in natural olive and sesame oils stored at 55 degrees C. by measuring peroxide values after regular intervals. The concentrations of extracts and citric acid had been used as 1% and 2%. The extracts (except for 12, 16 and 20 days in storage of olive oil) exhibited high antioxidant activity compared with control sample in olive and sesame oil. Antioxidant effects of both extracts and citric acid levels in olive oil showed statistically different after from 4 days of storage (p < 0.01). The most effective concentration on sesame oil during storage had 2% chloroform extract. Furthermore, especially 2% concentrations of both solvent extracts of rosemary shown significantly antioxidative activity in compared with citric acid on sesame oil.Öğe Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Turkish endemic Sideritis extracts(CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS-CSIC, 2005) Ozkan, G; Sagdic, O; Ozcan, M; Ozcelik, H; Unver, ASideritis species are traditionally used as teas, flavoring agents and for medicinal purposes in Turkey. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sideritis condensata Boiss. & Heldr. (SC) and Sideritis eryhrantha var. erythrantha Boiss. & Heldr. (SE) endemic species' extracts of Lamiaceae were determined, These extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity by using the agar diffusion method against 15 species of bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. Statistical differences within bacteria were significant at p < 0.05. SC extract was more effective than the other. At all concentrations, although the most sensitive bacteria was P aeruginosa, the most resistant bacteria were E. faecalis for SC extract and E. faecalis, S. aureus for SE extract. Total phenolics, radical scavenging activity by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the antioxiclant capacities by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex method of the extracts were determined. The total phenolics were found as 247.62 +/- 1.91 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g in SC extract and 217.61 +/- 0.95 mg GAE/g in SE extract of dried weight. At 100 ppm concentration, the free radical scavenging activities of SC and SE extracts were found as 72.01 +/- 1.93 and 71.48 +/- 1.95%, respectively. The antioxidant activities by phosphomolybdenum method of SC and SE extracts were 279.37 +/- 3.61 and 146.11 +/- 3.11 mg/g dried extract.Öğe Characterisation of essential oil plants from Turkey by IR and Raman spectroscopy(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2005) Schulz, H; Ozkan, G; Baranska, M; Kruger, H; Ozcan, MThe essential oils obtained from various plant species (genera: Origanum, Satureja, Salvia, Sideritis, Thymus, Calamintha, Lavandula, Ziziphora and Thymbra) collected in Turkey were studied by two complementary methods, ATR/FT-IR and NIR-FT-Raman spectroscopy. The vibrational spectra of both techniques obtained from the hydro-distilled essential oils of the air-dried plant material present characteristic key bands of the individual main volatile components (e.g. carvacrol, thymol, p-eymene, gamma-terpinene, camphor, 1,8-cineole, alpha- and beta-pinene). Applying principal component analysis (PCA) to these spectral data, a clear discrimination of the different species can be frequently achieved. Hierarchical cluster analysis provides a fast, easy and reliable approach for chemotaxonomy characterisation. Both vibrational techniques described in this study have the potential to replace existing standard methods used for quality control purposes and continuous evaluation of distillation processes. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Characteristics of fruit and oil of terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L) growing wild in Turkey(JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, 2004) Ozcan, MNutrients and physical properties were determined in terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L) fruits from Icel, Turkey to investigate their potential uses. Ripe fruits were evaluated for moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude fibre, crude energy, ash, HCl-insoluble ash, essential oil yield, dimethyl sulphite, weight and width/length ratio. Relative density, refractive index, free fatty acids, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number, unsaponifiable matter and carotenoid content were determined in the fruit oil. The main fatty acids identified by gas chromatography were oleic (52.3%), palmitic (21.3%) and linoleic (19.7%) acids. Contents of Na, K, P, Ca, Fe, Mg, Zn, Cu, Mn, Li, Ni, Pb, S, Se, Cd, Co, Cr, Sr, Ti, V, Ag, Al, As, B, Ba and Bi were also determined in the fruits. The fruits were found to be rich in protein, oil, fibre, unsaturated fatty acids and minerals, suggesting that they may be valuable for food uses. The data may also be useful for the evaluation of nutritional information. (C) 2004 Society of Chemical Industry.Öğe Comparison of the leaf, root and fruit oils of Diplotaenia cachrydifolia from Turkey(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2004) Ozcan, M; Bagci, Y; Ertugrul, K; Novak, Jhe essential oils of three different parts (roots, leaves and fruits) of Diplotaenia cachrydifolia were investigated by GC/MS. The oil Yield of dried parts obtained by hydrodistillation were 0.33%, 1.67% and 2.9% (v/dw) respectively. Thirty-five compounds representing 92.7%, 97.9% and 97.7% ofthe root, leaf and fruit oils were identified, respectively. Major constituents of root oil were isomyristicin (21.4%), alpha-phellandrene (18.8%) phellandrene (9.8%), methyl Oleate (9.6%), beta-cymene (7.6%) and (E)-isodillapiole. However, the characteristic compounds of leaf and fruit oils were terpinolene (64.1%, 69.34%), (E)-dillapiole (17.59%, 7.7%), beta-phellandrene (4.5%. 67,0%) and(E)-beta-ocimene (2.3%, 3.8%), respectively. The oil constituents ofthe leaves and fruits were found to be similar. However, the amounts of isomyristicin alpha-phellaiidrene and methyloleate in the roots were higher than those of leaves and fruits.Öğe Composition and antimicrobial properties of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. et Aznav. subsp isaurica PH. Davis essential oils(INST MICROBIOLOGIA, 2004) Biavati, B; Ozcan, M; Piccagilia, RThe constituents and the antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of Satureja cuneifolia Ten. and Thymbra sintenisii Bornm. et Aznav. subsp. isaurica P.H. Davis. from Turkey were examined. On the whole, a total of thirty-three compounds, which accounted for about 97% of the GC profiles, were identified. The oil of S. cuneifolia contained, as main compounds, carvacrol, (45.39%), p-cymene (16.28%), gamma-terpinene (12.59%), thymol (8.34%) and cis-ocimene (2.33%). The major components of the T sintenisii oil were identified as p-cymene (37.44%), carvacrol (32.22%), borneol (5.98%) and gamma-terpinene (5.40%). The antimicrobial activity of both the oils was essayed against various bacteria (Gram+ and Gram-) and yeasts, having an important role in the agriculture, food and pharmaceutical fields. The results showed that the essential oils possessed different antimicrobial activity. Some species were not affected from any of the concentrations tested. The most susceptible microorganisms were yeasts and, among bacteria, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Bacillus licheniformis and Bifidobactenum dentium. The tested oils exhibited weak activity against most species of the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus and Lactobacillus.Öğe Determination of mineral contents of Turkish herbal tea (Salvia aucheri var. canescens) at different infusion periods(MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2005) Ozcan, MInductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry has been used for the determination of contents of major and minor elements in Salia aucheri var. canescens (sage) and its infusions for different intervals. Twenty-five elements (Al, B, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd. Co, Cr. Cu, Fe, Ga, Ln, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Ph, S, Sr, TiN, and Zn) were detected in both S. aucheri and its infusions. The ranges of mineral levels varied from Cd (1.6668 mg/kg) to K (13 570 mg/kg) and Ni (0.05273 mg/kg) to K (196.25 mg/kg) in the herb and its infusions, respectively. The levels of K. Ca, Na, Mg, and S in all infusions in this work were higher than those of the other elements. However, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, CO, Cu, Fe, Li, K, Mg, Na, Ni, P, Ph, Sr, Ti, and Zn contents were high in the first period of infusion. As a result, the first period of infusion may be proposed as the optimum infusion time because of nutritional properties. These results may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information.Öğe Effect of different locations on the chemical composition of essential oils of laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves growing wild in Turkey(MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2005) Ozcan, M; Chalchat, JCThe essential oil components of Laurus nobilis gathered from seven different locations of Turkey were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The oil yields on a dry weight basis ranged between 1.4% to 2.6%. The major component was 1,8-cineole (51.73-68.48%); other predominant components were alpha-terpinyl acetate (4.04-9.87%), sabinene (4.44-7.75%), alpha-pinene (2.93-4.89%), 8-pinene (2.58-3.91%), terpinene-4-ol (1.33-3.24%), and alpha-terpineol (0.95-3.05%). Minor qualitative and major quantitative variations of some compounds were determined with respect to localities of collection. As a result, the 1,8-cineole content of these oils was significantly higher than those of other constituents of L. nobilis. Laurel is usually considered as the natural source of this compound, used in the flavor and fragrance industry.Öğe Effect of drying methods on the mineral content of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Ozcan, M; Arslan, D; Unver, ASun drying and oven drying (50 degrees C) characteristics of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) were determined. The effect of these drying methods on the mineral content of fresh, oven dried and the wire basket sun dried basil were compared. Oven drying resulted in increased drying rates and shorter drying time. Basil can be oven dried at 50 degrees C to 17.31% moisture content after 15h and can be sun dried to 23.79% moisture content after 28h. The mineral content of oven dried herbs was higher than sun dried herbs. K, P, Ca, S, Mg, Fe and Al contents were determined as main minerals in both oven and sun dried basil. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of spice hydrosols on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 strain(MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC, 2005) Ozcan, MThe inhibitory effects of 16 spice hydrosols [anise, basil, cumin, dill, Aegean sage, fennel (sweet), laurel, mint, oregano, pickling herb, rosemary, sage, savory, sea fennel, sumac, and thyme (black)] on the mycelial growth of Aspergillus parasiticus strain NRRL 2999 were investigated in vitro. The hydrosols of anise, cumin, fennel, mint, pickling herb, oregano, savory, and thyme showed a stronger inhibitory effect on mycelial growth, while sumac, sea fennel, rosemary, sage, Aegean sage, laurel, basil, and rosemary hydrosols were unable to inhibit totally the growth. Of these, sumac had the least effect on the mycelial growth of A. parasiticus. The effectiveness of the inhibitors followed the sequence anise = cumin = fennel = mint = pickling herb = oregano = savory = thyme > laurel > dill > sage > rosemary > basil > sea fennel > rosemary > sumac.Öğe Effects of sesame and bitter almond seed oils on mycelium growth of Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing.(INST GRASA SUS DERIVADOS, 1999) Kalyoncu, IH; KaSik, G; Ozcan, M; Ozturk, CSecondary mycelium growth of Agaricus bisporus from Nigde University Mushroom Research Centre (Aksaray-Nigde) was monitored in malt extract agar medium containing sesame or bitter almond seed oils. With 1% sesame oil, highest growth was established and less growth period was determined as 27.4 days. All of the samples with sesame oil showed better growth according to the control, being the stimulative effect of sesame oil higher than that of bitter almond oil.Öğe Glucosinolates and fatty acid, sterol, and tocopherol composition of seed oils from Capparis spinosa var. spinosa and Capparis ovata desf. var. canescens (Coss.) Heywood(AMER CHEMICAL SOC, 2005) Matthaus, B; Ozcan, MSeed oils of 11 samples of Capparis ovata and Capparis spinosa from different locations in Turkey were of glucosinolates. The oil content of the seeds ranged from 27.3 to 37.6 g/100 g (C. spinosa) and from 14.6 to 38.0 g/100 g (C. ovata). The dominating fatty acid of both species was linoleic acid, which accounted for 26.9-55.3% in C. ovata seed oils and for 24.6-50.5% in C. spinosa seed oils. Oleic acid and its isomer, vaccenic acid, were both found in the seed oils in concentrations between 10 and 30%, respectively. The seed oils of both species were rich in tocopherols with the following composition: gamma-tocopherol, 124.3-1944.9 mg/100 g; delta-tocopherol, 2.7-269.5 mg/100 g; and (x-tocopherol, 0.6-13.8 mg/100 g. The concentration of total sterols ranged from 4875.5 to 12189.1 mg/kg (C. ovata) and from 4961.8 to 10009.1 mg/kg (C. spinosa), respectively. In addition to sitosterol, which amounted to similar to 60% of the total amount of sterols, campesterol and stigmasterol accounted for 16 and 10% of the total sterols, respectively. The seed oils showed remarkably high contents of Delta(5)avenasterol (between 138.8 and 599.4 mg/kg). The total content of glucosinolates of C. ovata and C. spinosa samples was determined as 34.5-84.6,mu mol/g for C. ovata and 42.6 - 88.9,mu mol/g for C. spinosa, respectively, on a dry weight basis, with >95% as glucocapperin.Öğe Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruit: some physical and chemical properties(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2005) Ozcan, M; Haciseferogullari, H; Marakoglu, T; Arslan, DThe hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) fruits were analysed for some physical (dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, bulk density, fruit density, volume, terminal velocity, hardness and porosity) and chemical (moisture, crude protein, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, ash, pH, acidity, water- and alcohol soluble extract) properties. Mineral content of wild hawthorn growing in Turkey were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). All materials contained high amounts of Ca, K, Mg, Na and P. These values were found as 3046.37 ppm, 13,531.96 ppm, 1502.55 ppm, 312.18 ppm, 1477.88 ppm and 431,307.29ppm, respectively. The mean pulp and seeds weight, length, diameter, mass, volume, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and projected area were measured as 2.16g, 0.87g, 14.39mm, 19.34mm, 3.03g, 3083.3 mm(3), 17.52mm, 1.22 and 4.19 cm(2), respectively. The energy, protein, cellulose, oil, ash, acidity and water-soluble extract values of hawthorn fruits were established as 34.02 kcal/g, 2.48%, 4.67%, 0.87%, 2.28%, 1.98% and 32.31 %, respectively. It is very important to evaluate the physical properties for the design of equipment used for harvesting, transportation, storage and processing of fresh fruits. Also, the information supplied on the chemical properties of the hawthorn fruit can be used in human nutrition. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Inhibition of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 by pollen and propolis extracts(MARY ANN LIEBERT INC, 2004) Ozcan, MThe inhibitory extracts from different regions of Turkey were investigated in culture media. The least active concentration towards the tested fungus was 2% of both extracts. But, the inhibitory effects of all propolis extracts on mycelial growth were higher when compared with pollen extracts. While the effect of a 5% level of Antakya propolis extract increased with increasing incubation period, the antifungal effect of pollen extract from the same region on mycelial growth was less than that of the control group. As a result, none of the extracts tested completely inhibited mycelial growth. The highest inhibition rate was established at the 5% level of Taskent and Alanya propolis samples.Öğe Inhibition of phytopathogenic fungi by essential oil, hydrosol, ground material and extract of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) growing wild in Turkey(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2006) Boyraz, N; Ozcan, MThe antifungal activities of the essential oil, hydrosol, ground material and extract of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) on mycelial growth of Alternaria mali Roberts and Botrytis cinerea Pers. were determined. All doses of extract inhibited 100% the mycelial growth of both fungi, and exhibited a fungicidal effect. The 15% level of hydrosol and the 1.0% level of ground material had a 100% effect on B. cinerea. The other doses showed weak inhibition on mycelial growth of the fungi, and antifungal activity of the essential oil varied depending on concentrations. While the levels of essential oil show fungistatic effect, the increasing doses of hydrosol and ground material showed a fungicidal effect against B. cinerea and A. mali. While the ground material had not showed any fungicidal activity against mycelial growth of A. mali, the 1% and 1.5% levels of the ground material exhibited a fungicidal effect on B. cinerea. The results obtained from this study may contribute to the development of environmentally safer alternatives to protect the spoilage of food products from pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Inhibitory effect of pollen and propolis extracts(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2004) Ozcan, M; Unver, A; Ceylan, DA; Yetisir, RBee pollen and propolis were collected from Apis mellifera colonies in five regions of Turkey. The antifungal properties of methanol extracts of pollen and propolis (2% and 5% concentrations) were determined on Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporium f sp. melonis. The least active concentration towards the tested fungi was 2% concentration of both extracts. The inhibitory effect of all propolis extracts on growth of F. oxysporium and A. alternata were generally higher when compared with pollen extracts. The growth of A. alternata and F oxysporium were not affected at both concentrations of pollens. However, F oxysporium against propolis extracts was more sensitive than A. alternata (P < 0.01). None of the pollen extracts tested completely inhibited mycelial growth of fungi used in our experiment. Percent inhibition of both pollen concentrations against A. alternata and F. oxysporium was lower than 50%. However, both concentrations of Alanya and Beysehir propolis extracts were 100% effective on mycelial growth of F oxysporium until the 7(th) day of incubation (P < 0.01). 2% Alanya and Beysehir pollen extracts completely stimulated mycelial growth of F oxysporium on the 7(th) day of incubation. Both concentrations of propolis extract showed more than 50% inhibition against F. oxysporium. It is suggested that high concentrations of propolis extract could be used as an antifungal agent against tested fungi.
