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    Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Turkish endemic Sideritis extracts
    (CONSEJO SUPERIOR INVESTIGACIONES CIENTIFICAS-CSIC, 2005) Ozkan, G; Sagdic, O; Ozcan, M; Ozcelik, H; Unver, A
    Sideritis species are traditionally used as teas, flavoring agents and for medicinal purposes in Turkey. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Sideritis condensata Boiss. & Heldr. (SC) and Sideritis eryhrantha var. erythrantha Boiss. & Heldr. (SE) endemic species' extracts of Lamiaceae were determined, These extracts were investigated for antibacterial activity by using the agar diffusion method against 15 species of bacteria: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. Statistical differences within bacteria were significant at p < 0.05. SC extract was more effective than the other. At all concentrations, although the most sensitive bacteria was P aeruginosa, the most resistant bacteria were E. faecalis for SC extract and E. faecalis, S. aureus for SE extract. Total phenolics, radical scavenging activity by 1, 1 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the antioxiclant capacities by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex method of the extracts were determined. The total phenolics were found as 247.62 +/- 1.91 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g in SC extract and 217.61 +/- 0.95 mg GAE/g in SE extract of dried weight. At 100 ppm concentration, the free radical scavenging activities of SC and SE extracts were found as 72.01 +/- 1.93 and 71.48 +/- 1.95%, respectively. The antioxidant activities by phosphomolybdenum method of SC and SE extracts were 279.37 +/- 3.61 and 146.11 +/- 3.11 mg/g dried extract.