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    Association Between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism and Subclinic Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
    (TURKISH PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY & DIABETES SOCIETY, 2012) Atabek, Mehmet Emre; Ozkul, Yusuf; Eklioglu, Beray Selver; Kurtoglu, Selim; Baykara, Murat
    Objective: The most important cause of morbidity and mortality in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is atherosclerosis. Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism is accused of being the genetic risk factor for atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to determine which Apo E polymorphism was related to atherosclerosis in patients with type 1 DM. Methods: Seventy-four patients with type 1 DM were enrolled in the study. Age, diabetes duration, daily insulin dose, microalbuminuria, and major cardiovascular risk factors including anthropometric and metabolic parameters were assessed in each patient. Non-invasive ultrasonographic measurements were also performed. For determination of Apo E genotype, DNA was extracted from venous blood from all subjects using standard methods. Apo E genotyping was performed using a PCR-restriction fragment-length polymorphism assay. Results: Systolic blood pressure and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CA-IMT) were increased in subjects with E4/E4 polymorphism. According to univariate analysis, when adjusted for all risk factors, genotypes did not differ for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides (p>0.05). However, E3/E3, E3/E4 and E4/E4 genotypes were found to be associated with an increase in CA-IMT (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the polymorphism associated with atherosclerosis in type1 DM is Apo E4/E4.
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    Detection of p16 promotor hypermethylation in "Maras powder" and tobacco users
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2009) Saatci, Cetin; Caglayan, Ahmet Okay; Ozkul, Yusuf; Tahiri, Serpil; Turhan, Ahmet Bulent; Dundar, Munis
    Background: A plant powder called "Maras powder" is widely used instead of cigarette smoking in the South-Eastern region of Turkey. It has been confirmed that this powder comprises tobacco Nicotiana rustica L. Methods: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Maras powder and cigarette smoking on the PIS promotor hypermethylation. Twenty-two Maras powder users (Group I), 12 cigarette smokers (Group II), and 16 healthy controls who neither smoked nor used Maras powder (Group III)were included in the study. Hypermethylation of the P16 gene was examined using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) method in the blood of the three groups. Results: Aberrant PIS methylation was found in 7 of the 22 (31.8%) in Group I, in 3 of 12 (25%) in Group II, and in 1 of 16 (6.25%) in Group III. Conclusion: Maras powder may be as harmful as cigarette smoking, leading to hypermethylation in PIS and warrants detailed studies on this subject. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of maras powder on DNA methylation and micronucleus formation in human buccal tissue
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2008) Saatci, Cetin; Ozkul, Yusuf; Tahiri, Serpil; Caglayan, Ahmet Okay; Turhan, Ahmet Bulent; Dundar, Munis
    The plant powder "maras powder" (MP) has been used widely instead of cigarettes in the southeastern region of Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of MP and cigarette smoking on the methylation and micronuclei (MN) formation in buccal cells of humans with a comparison to blood lymphocytes. DNA samples from 80 subjects (40 MP users, 20 tobacco smokers, 20 healthy volunteers) were analyzed for their genomic methylation status using Hpa II and Msp I digestions followed by a simple gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. A densitometric method was developed to measure the methylation in genomic DNA samples and the results were evaluated using a software program designed for this purpose. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from the same groups and examined for MN formation. The results indicated that a general genomic hypomethylation was present in almost all of the samples that were obtained from MP users and tobacco smokers. This hypomethylation was significant in MP users compared to smokers and healthy volunteers. The percentage of cells containing MN was 1.93 in MP users, 0.95 in healthy volunteers, and 1.82 in smokers. The MN frequency was significantly higher in MP users and smokers than in healthy volunteers. There was no statistical difference between smokers and MP users. Evidence indicates that MP usage induces DNA hypomethylation and increase frequency of MN formation.