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Öğe Acrylamide-treatment and responses to phenylephrine and potassium in rat aorta(AKADEMIAI KIADO RT, 2012) Atalık, Kısmet Esra Nurullahoğlu; Okudan, Nilsel; Belviranlı, Muaz; Esen, H.; Yener, Y.; Oznurlu, Y.Acrylamide (ACR) is a chemical used in many industries around the world and was found to form naturally in foods cooked at high temperatures. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the influence of ACR treatment on vascular responses to phenylephrine (PHE; 10(-9)-3x10(-4) M) and potassium chloride (KCl; 5-100 mM). We also examined the role of gender in these responses. The animals in both genders were divided into three groups as follows. (1) Control animals, (2) ACR-I; ACR-treated (2 mg/kg-d for 90 days), (3) ACR-II; ACR-treated (5 mg/kg-d for 90 days). Male rat aortas were more sensitive to PHE and KCl than female aortas. ACR-treatment increased the sensitivity to PHE and KCl, in both genders. Compared to the control group, ACR treatment significantly reduced the luminal area of both male and female rat aortas. Furthermore, the responses to PHE and KCl were similar in both 2 mg/kg-d ACR-treated rat aortas with 5 mg/kg-d ACR-treated rat aortas, in both genders. The results of this study suggest that ACR treatment affects vascular contractility and morphology in both gender of rat aorta.Öğe Adverse effects of aflatoxin B-1 on skeletal muscle development in broiler chickens(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2014) Gunduz, N.; Oznurlu, Y.1. Detrimental effects of in ovo administrated of aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) on the embryonic development of skeletal muscle were determined using histological methods. 2. A total of 420 eggs of a Ross broiler parent stock were incubated and divided into 4 groups: (1) control, (2) 5ng AFB(1)/egg group, (3) 15ng AFB(1)/egg group, (4) 40ng AFB(1)/egg group. Test solutions were injected via the air-sac, just prior to setting the eggs in the incubator. 3. Five eggs from each group were opened on different days of incubation (11d, 13d, 17d and 21d). Developmental stages of embryos were determined according to the Hamburger-Hamilton scale and embryos were weighed. Skeletal muscle tissue samples were dissected and fixed, sectioned and stained with Crossman's trichrome and AgNOR. 4. The mean relative embryo, leg muscle and breast muscle weights of AFB(1)-treated groups were lower than the control group and decreased with increasing AFB(1). The nucleus area and AgNOR area of the AFB(1)-treated groups were also lower than the control group whereas there were no significant differences in AgNOR numbers and AgNOR area/nucleus area among the treatment groups. 5. It was concluded that in ovo administrated of AFB(1) adversely affected the embryonic development of skeletal muscle and that affected animals might therefore be more susceptible to skeletal and muscle disorders during the growing period.Öğe Cytochemistry of peripheral blood leukocytes in thoroughbred foals(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2013) Ozaydin, T.; Celik, I.; Sur, E.; Oznurlu, Y.; Uluisik, D.We attempted to characterize the cytochemical staining patterns of leukocytes and to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACPase) positive lymphocytes in peripheral blood of thoroughbred foals at different ages. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular veins of 60 healthy thoroughbred foals, 1 day, 3 days and 1 year old. Each age group included 10 male and 10 female animals. Peroxidase (PO) activity was detected in neutrophils, eosinophils and monocytes. Lymphocytes were negative for PO staining. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining was observed in neutrophils and monocytes; eosinophils were negative. The majority of lymphocytes were negative, but a few cells showed granular PAS positivity. Monocytes were strongly positive for ANAE and ACPase, and the enzymatic reaction was common in lymphocytes. Neutrophils showed a weakly positive reaction for ANAE and ACPase. Eosinophil granules were negative or weakly positive for ANAE and usually negative for ACP, but intergranular areas were positive. Mean ANAE positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were 67.70, 73.10 and 49.20% in females; 64.00, 70.53, and 50.60% in males 1 day, 3 days, and 1 year old, respectively. ACPase positive PBL were 27.33, 32.83, and 37.40% in females; 29.67, 31.67, and 38.40% in males 1 day, 3 days, and 1 year old, respectively. For both enzymes, the differences between mean values for the genders were not statistically significant, but significant differences were found with regard to age. We provide comparative hematological data as a guide for identifying blood cells in thoroughbred foals.Öğe The effect of acrylamide on alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase enzyme in blood circulating lymphocytes and gut associated lymphoid tissues in rats(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2013) Yener, Y.; Sur, E.; Telatar, T.; Oznurlu, Y.The aim of this study is to determine the functional effects of the acrylamide (AA) administrated by oral gavage on the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in male Sprague-Dawley rats using alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) demonstration. For this purpose, two separate experiments were performed with Sprague Dawley rats. In Experiment-I rats were gavaged with 0, 30,45 and 60 mg/kg b.w. AA for five consecutive days and in Experiment-II rats were gavaged with 0, 125, 150, and 175 mg/kg/b.w. AA for single oral dose. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last treatments in both experiments by servical dislocations under ether anaesthesia. Blood samples were collected from the heart in heparinized (IOU! heparin/ml(-1) of the blood) tubes before sacrification and lymphoid tissue samples from the ileal Peyer's patches (IPPs) were taken and processed for histochemical demonstration of ANAE following the sacrification. The lymphoid follicles of the IPPs of animals given 125, 150 and 175 mg/kg b.w. AA were markedly reduced in size. Germinal centres (GCs) markedly regressed in AA-treated animals compared with those of controls. ANAE-positive lymphocyte depletion of IPPs was very prominent in the high doses AA-treated animals. In the animals treated with 30, 45, and 60 mg/kg b.w. AA, the IPPs had similar histology to those of the controls. ANAE-positive peripheral blood lymphocyte levels significantly decreased in AA exposed groups in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.05). In conclusion, AA has detrimental effects on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in rats. (C) 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of adding yeast cell walls and Yucca schidigera extract to diets of layer chicks(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Gurbuz, E.; Balevi, T.; Kurtoglu, V.; Oznurlu, Y.1. This research was conducted to determine the impact of diet supplementation with yeast cell walls and Yucca schidigera extract on the growth performance, antibody titres, and intestinal tissue histology of layer chicks. 2. White, 1-d-old, Hy-Line hybrid chicks (n = 840) were divided into 4 main groups, each comprising 7 replicates of 30 chicks (n = 210): (1) control; (2) 1000 mg/kg yeast cell walls (YCW) added; (3) 1000 mg/kg Yucca schidigera extract (YE) added; and (4) 500 mg/kg YE + 500 mg/kg YCW added. The trial lasted 60 d. 3. Daily weight gain of the chicks was positively affected between d 45-60 in the YE and YCW + YE groups compared with the control group. 4. Overall, feed consumption did not differ between the control and YCW, YE, YCW + YE groups during the 60 d study period. Feed efficiency was better in the YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control group between d 1-60. 5. During the 60 d evaluation period, live weight gain, and final live weight were higher in YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control group. 6. Antibody titres against infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease did not differ among the 4 treatments, but those for Newcastle disease were higher in the YE + YCW groups than in the control, YCW and YE groups on d 45. 7. There were differences in intestinal histomorphometry between the 4 treatments. The height of the jejunal and ileal villi was greater in the YE and YCW + YE groups than in the control and YCW groups 8. It can be concluded that YCW and YE supplementation for layer chicks is beneficial for growth performance and intestinal histology during the 1-60 d growing period.Öğe Enzyme histochemical and serological investigations on the immune system from chickens treated in ovo with aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1))(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2011) Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Oznurlu, Y.; Aydin, M. F.; Oguz, H.; Kurtoglu, V.; Ozaydin, T.In this study, the detrimental effects of in ova administrated antitoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) on the immune system of chickens in the post-hatching period were investigated by enzyme histochemical and serological methods. For this purpose, 730 laying hen eggs were divided into 7 groups [3 control groups (not-treated, drilled-sealed and 30% ethanol (solvent)-injected groups) and 4 assay groups in which eggs were injected with increasing AFB(1) doses (2.5, 7.5, 12.5 and 17.5 ng/egg)] then conventionally incubated. The chickens were vaccinated against the Newcastle Disease (ND) and the Infectious Bursal Disease (I BE)) viruses on days 2, 5, 20 and on days 10 and 15 post-hatching, respectively. The serum antibody titres were assayed at the 1(st) and 28(th) days using Haemagglutination-Inhibition Test and ELISA respectively. The proportions of the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and the ANAE (alphanaphtyl acetate esterase) or ACP-ase (acid phosphatase) positive lymphocytes/PBL ratios were determined on the days 1, 10,20 and 28. The AFB(1)-treatment caused significant decreases in both the ANAE and ACP-ase positivity ratios of PBL., depending on the AFB(1) dose, during the post-hatching period, but the PBL counts were significantly depressed at the end of the experimental period only in chickens treated in ovo by the highest AFB(1) close (17.5 ng/egg). The anti-IBD antibody titres measured on the hatching day (maternal antibodies) and the anti-ND and IBD antibody titres measured on the day 28 post-hatching were significantly reduced in chicks treated with 12.5 and 17.5 ng AFB(1)/egg compared to the controls and have also gradually declined according to the AFB(1) dose. The results clearly evidenced that AFB(1) transferred into the fertilised eggs has caused deficiency in cellular and Immoral immunity and particularly in the embryo transfer of the maternal antibodies, that can partially explain the observed immunosuppressive AFB(1) effects in poultry.Öğe Hematology and Enzyme Histochemistry of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Domestic Pigeon (Columba Livia f. Domestica)(Informa Healthcare, 2012) Oznurlu, Y.; Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Ozaydin, T.The purpose of our study was to determine the percentages of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE)-positive and acid phosphatase (ACP)-positive peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in both sexes of one-year-old domestic pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica). Blood samples obtained from 12 healthy domestic pigeons were used. The mean percentages of ANAE-positive PBL for females and males were 47.8% and 48.8%, respectively, whereas the mean percentages of ACP-ositive PBL were 67.5% and 68.6%, respectively. The proportions of PBL were 49.3% and 48.6% in males and females, respectively.Öğe Histological and Enzyme Histochemical Investigation of The Hemal Nodes of The Hair Goat(Informa Healthcare, 2012) Ozaydin, T.; Sur, E.; Celik, I.; Oznurlu, Y.; Aydin, M. F.We investigated the structure of the hemal node in six healthy hair goats using histological and enzyme histochemical methods. After processing, tissue sections were stained with Crossman's trichrome, Gordon-Sweet's silver and Pappenheim's panoptic stains. Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (ACP-ase) were demonstrated in frozen sections. Hemal nodes were encapsulated by connective tissue and few smooth muscle cells. Several trabeculae originated from the capsule and extended into the hemal node. A subcapsular sinus was present beneath the capsule and was continuous with the deeper sinuses. Subcapsular and deep sinuses were filled with erythrocytes. The parenchyma consisted of lymphoid follicles, diffuse interfollicular lymphocytes and irregular wide lymphoid cords. Cortical and medullary regions were not distinct. ANAE (+) and ACP-ase (+) cells were located mainly in the germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles and also were scattered equally in the interfollicular region and lymphoid cords. Monocytes, macrophages and reticular cells displayed a diffuse positive reaction, whereas localized granular positivity was observed in lymphocytes. We demonstrated that the general structure of the hair goat hemal nodes is similar to that of other ruminant species.
