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    Changes in the fatty acid compositions and bioactivities of clary sage seeds depending on harvest year
    (ELSEVIER, 2012) Tulukcu, Eray; Yalcin, Hasan; Ozturk, Ismet; Sagdic, Osman
    The aim of this work was to study the fatty acid composition and proximate analysis, including total proteins, dry matter, total phenol levels, antioxidants and antiradical activities of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L) seeds harvested in five consecutive years, from 2006 to 2010. Firstly, the dry matter, oil, protein and fatty acid composition of the clary sage seeds were determined. The dry matter, oil and protein content of the clary sage seed samples varied between 97.64 and 98.35, 23.83 and 29.34, and 21.97 and 22.96%, respectively. Secondly, the fatty acid compositions in the oil and the bioactive properties in the extract were investigated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the clary sage. The alpha-linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid contents of the sage oils changed from 50.04 to 53.69%; 20.10 to 22.97%; 15.54 to 18.06%, respectively according to year. The total phenolic content, antioxidant and antiradical activities of the sage seeds were determined in the range of 7.71-13.21 mg GAE/g dry extract, 50.45-74.04 (mg AAE/g dry extract) and 13.14-21.21% respectively. Each of the investigated parameters of the sage seeds was significantly affected by the harvesting year. Consequently, clary sage seeds are rich in fatty acids and contained high levels of antioxidant and antiradical activities making them ideal for use as nutraceuticals. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of gamma-Irradiation on Bioactivity, Fatty Acid Compositions and Volatile Compounds of Clary Sage Seed (Salvia sclarea L.)
    (WILEY, 2011) Yalcin, Hasan; Ozturk, Ismet; Tulukcu, Eray; Sagdic, Osman
    Clary sage seeds (Salvia sclarea L.) were obtained from plants cultivated, and 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 kGy doses of gamma-irradiation were applied to the clary sage seeds. They were then analyzed for their protein, ash, oil and dry matter contents, and fatty acid composition. Additionally, the total phenolic contents, antiradical, antioxidant activities, and volatile compounds of the clary sage seed extract were determined. There was no significant difference in protein content. However, the moisture, oil, and ash contents of the samples were affected by irradiation. While the 7 kGy dose had a positive effect on the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of the sage seed extract, all doses have negative effects on the antioxidant activity of the sage seed. The main fatty acid of the sage seed was remarkably found as alpha-linolenic acid. The four irradiation levels caused significant differences in fatty acid composition by affecting all fatty acids except palmitic, palmitoleic, and eicosenoic acids. The dominant volatile compounds of control sage seed were found as beta-pinene (18.81%) and limonene (15.60%). Higher doses of the irradiation decreased volatile components of sage seed. Clary sage seed including high omega-3 can be irradiated with low doses (<= 2.5 kGy) of gamma-irradiation.
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    Influence of the harvesting year and fertilizer on the fatty acid composition and some physicochemical properties of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)
    (BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG, 2011) Yalcin, Hasan; Ozturk, Ismet; Tulukcu, Eray; Sagdic, Osman
    SarA +/- 85 (Linum usitatissimum L.) linseed variety was used in this study. Linseed was cultivated at 2008 (LS-08) and 2009 (LS-09) without fertilizer. In addition, at 2009 diammonium phosphate [(NH(4))(2)HPO(4)] and ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)) were applied (LSF-09). The linseeds were analyzed for protein, ash and oil contents and fatty acid compositions. There were differences among harvesting years for oil, protein and ash contents of the seeds. The greater oil and protein contents were obtained during LS-08 compared with LS-09. There were no significant difference in protein and ash content between LS-09 and LSF-09 while a significant difference was observed in oil content. Seed protein, oil and ash contents were significantly affected by the harvesting year, but only oil content was affected by the fertilizer treatment. There are significant differences in palmitic, stearic, oleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidic acid between LS-08 and LS-09. While palmitic, stearic, oleic acid decreased, alpha-linolenic and arachidic acid increased during 2009 harvesting year. LSF-09 has the highest amount of alpha-linolenic acid. The fertilizing treatment seems to have an increasing effect on the amount of alpha-linolenic acid, while it has a decreasing effect on the oleic acid content.