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Öğe Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency in Organic and Conventional Farming Systems: A Case Study of Black Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Production in Turkey(Univ Philippines Los Banos, 2010) Çelik, Yusuf; Peker, Kenan; Oğuz, CennetThis study compared the energy efficiency and cost/benefit ratio of conventional and organic farming systems for black carrot (Daucus carota L.) in Konya province, Turkey. In the research, energy consumption for different farm operations from land preparation to transportation was considered. The farms were selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected through field survey of 56 respondents in carrot farms during production periods in 2007-2008. Black carrot production was considered for the study as it is a very good source of colored food. Therefore, black carrot production must take into consideration the requirements for eco-design requirements and energy labeling. Based on the results, increasing amount of inputs was more effectively used in the organic farming system compared with the conventional system. Total energy requirement under conventional farming was 75,335.72 MJ ha(-1) and 37,758.82 MJ ha(-1) for organic farming. There was higher demand for energy in conventional farming (49.88%) than organic farming. On the other hand, the need for labor per hectare was higher for organic farming than for the conventional farming system. The energy output-input ratios for conventional and organic farming systems were 1.30 and 1.90, respectively. Moreover, the benefit-cost ratios were 1.83 and 2.05, respectively. Energy efficiency in the organic systems may increase by 1.32 kg ha(-1) and by 0.23 kg ha(-1) in the conventional systems.Öğe MEASURING THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH: THE CASE OF NEW WHEAT VARIETIES IN TURKEY(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2015) Mazid, Ahmed; Keser, Mesut; Amegbeto, Koffi N.; Morgounov, Alexey; Bagci, Ahmet; Peker, Kenan; Akin, MustafaThis paper summarizes a study initiated by the Turkish General Directorate of Agricultural Research and ICARDA/CIMMYT Wheat Improvement Program on the adoption of five new winter and spring wheat varieties developed and released by the Turkish national breeding program and through international collaboration in the past 10 years. The study results are based on a survey of 781 households selected randomly in the Adana, Ankara, Diyarbakir, Edirne, and Konya provinces of Turkey. The five new wheat varieties are compared to old improved varieties released prior to 1995 that are also still grown by farmers. Technical and biological indicators of impacts including crop productivity are measured to determine the impact of these varieties. Yield stability is assessed by comparing average yields in normal, good and dry years and by comparing the coefficients of variation of yields by variety. Profitability is measured by the gross margin generated per unit of land. Household income from wheat and for all economic activities are estimated and compared between adopters and non-adopters. Adopters of the new varieties have higher per-capita income than non-adopters as compared to the same group using old varieties. However, the overall impact of the improved varieties is generally low, mainly due to their low adoption levels. Farmers' knowledge and perception of certain variety characteristics and unavailability of adequate and timely seed are the main reasons. Increasing adoption has the potential to improve household income and this requires revising wheat impact pathway to achieve the expected impact.Öğe A model of civil society dialogue on dairy business for implementation of milk standards(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Peker, Kenan; Oguz, CennetTurkey has been preparing for the implementation of the common agriculture policy (CAP) in the last four decades. Reaching milk standards is one of the important and difficult components of CAP. Food and agricultural organization (FAO) undertook a milk sector study to review the sector and to provide an analysis of the challenges and constraints in the sector, and the possible measures that would need to be undertaken to prepare Turkey for EU membership. This research was conducted in milk sector in Konya province where there were about 26.226 milk producers and annual milk production was 442, 349 680 L in 2010. The study materials were collected from 4 workshops of dairy and dairy products beneficiaries' participations in Konya. The workshop methods were moderation techniques. The overall objective is to create a model of civil society dialogue (CSD) on dairy business that can be a guiding model for the other agricultural sub-sectors. Dairy farms, milk production, processing, packaging, and related management functions were analyzed and the implementation of the CSD model for establishing milk standards were drawn as a result of the study. The CSD model which is described in this study may apply for solving related problems of agricultural sub-sectors in developing countries within sub-sector beneficiaries or stockholders.