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    Biological, chemical and in silico fingerprints of Dianthus calocephalus Boiss.: A novel source for rutin
    (PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2018) Uysal, Şengül; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman; Picot-Allain, Carene M. N.; Ünüvar, Hamiyet; Mollica, Adriano; Georgiev, Milen I.; Zengin, Gökhan
    Extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate, and water) from Dianthus calocephalus Boiss. prepared by different extraction techniques (maceration, Soxhlet, and ultrasonication) were studied for possible inhibitory action against key enzymes (alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, acetyl cholinesterase, butyryl cholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Antioxidant potential was established using a battery of assays and phenolic compounds profiled by RP-HPLC. Binding pose of tyrosinase with rutin was studied by means of molecular docking. Methanol extracts showed the highest phenolic (39.35-40.25 mgGAE/g) content and rich in rutin (61.38-72.07 mg/g extract). Ethyl acetate extracts of D. calocephalus were potent inhibitors of acetyl (1.45-1.48 mgGALAE/g) and butyryl (2.44-2.74 mgGALAE/g) cholinesterases. Docking studies showed that rutin interacts with the side chains of the key amino acid residues and to the copper atom found at the active site of tyrosinase. Methanol extracts showed highest antioxidant capacity. D. calocephalus showed interesting biological properties that could be further studied to manage diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and hyperpigmentation.
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    In Vitro Tyrosinase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Potential of Consolida Orientalis, Onosma Isauricum and Spartium Junceum from Turkey
    (ELSEVIER, 2019) Zengin, Gökhan; Mahomoodally, Mohamad Fawzi; Picot-Allain, Carene M. N.; Çakmak, Yavuz Selim; Uysal, Şengül; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman
    Traditionally used botanical remedies have attracted much interest as pharmacological targets in the management and/or treatment of several diseases. Recently, they have been probed as tyrosinase inhibitors for the management of epidermal hyperpigmentation. This study aims to investigate into the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory potential of methanol, ethyl acetate, and water extracts of three medicinal plants (Consolida orientalis (J. Gay) Schrodinger, Onosma isauricumBoiss. & Heldr. and Spartium junceumL.), fromTurkey. Methanolic extract of O. isauricum and S. junceum showed the highest phenolic (63.08 mgGAE/g extract) and flavonoid contents (45.55 mgRE/g extract). Additionally, O. isauricum methanolic extract exhibited the most powerful antioxidant capacity followed by methanolic extract of S. junceum (86.02 and 62.81 mgAAE/g extract, respectively). S. junceum extracts yielded the higher kojic acid equivalent values (21.42-23.04 mgKAE/g extract), confirming that these extracts were the most potent inhibitors of tyrosinase. S. junceum showed promising activity that warrant further studies and could be considered as a potent candidate for the development of phytoremedies for the management of epidermal hyperpigmentation. To the best of our knowledge, this study can be considered as the first report of on the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory action of C. orientalis, O. isauricum, and S. junceum from Turkey. (c) 2018 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.