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    Evaluation of seedborne bacterial pathogens on common bean cultivars grown in central Anatolia region, Turkey
    (SPRINGER, 2017) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus; Sahin, Fikrettin
    Bacterial diseases of bean cause economically important losses worldwide. The most important method for managing bacterial diseases on bean is the use of pathogen-free seed. In this study, 198 different dry bean seed samples of six different cultivars including Dermason, Cali, Sira, Battal, Bombay and Seker, were collected from 12 provinces of Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. All were tested to investigate the seedlots as primary inoculum sources of the major bacterial diseases. The data revealed that 22,72 %, 13,63 %, 11,11 %, 1,51 % and 0.5 % of seed samples tested were contaminated with five seedborne bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (Xapf) and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), respectively. All bacterial strains isolated were identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity tests. The results showed that Psp and Pss were found together on cv. Cali; Psp and Xap on cv. Dermason and cv. Sira; and Pss and Xap on cv. Seker, cv. Dermason, and cv. Cali. Therefore, the results in the present study suggested that evaluation and selection of pathogen-free seeds are very important for preventing the spread of pathogens and effective management of seed borne bacterial diseases prevalent in bean growing regions; in addition to implementation of integrated crop production strategies such as crop rotation, sanitation, seed treatment, tolerant/resistant cultivar selection and proper bactericide application.
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    Floral and foliar application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to apples increases yield, growth, and nutrient element contents of leaves
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2007) Pirlak, Lutfi; Turan, Metin; Sahin, Fikrettin; Esitken, Ahmet
    During 2003 and 2005, plant growth promoting effects of Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 were tested alone or in combination on apple (Malus domestica L.) cvs. 'Starkrimson' and 'Granny Smith' in terms of yield, growth, and nutrient composition of leaves in the province of Karaman, Turkey. The presence of Pseudomonas BA-8, Bacillus OSU-142 and BA-8+OSU-142 stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increases in both cultivars. Floral and foliar applications of PGPR strains significantly increased yield per trunk cross-section area (13.3-118.5%), fruit weight (4.2-7.5%), shoot length (20.8-30.1%), and shoot diameter (9.0-19.8%) in 'Starkrimson' and yield per Trunk Cross Sectional Area (TCSA; 14.9%) and fruit weight (6.5-8.7%) in 'Granny Smith' compared with the control. In addition, all nutrient elements' contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn) investigated in both cultivars, except Mg in 'Starkrimson', were significantly affected by bacterial applications when compared with the control. The highest N content was obtained from BA-8+OSU-142 application in cvs. 'Starkrimson' (2.29%) and 'Granny Smith'. (2.33%). Phosphorus contents of leaves of 'Starkrimson' and 'Granny Smith' increased from 0.21 and 0.20% in the control to 0.26 and 0.24% by BA-8 application, to 0.28 and 0.24% by OSU-142 application and to 0.25 and 0.26% by BA-9+ OSU-142 application, respectively. BA-8 application in 'Starkrimson' (1.90%) and OSU-142 applications.in 'Granny Smith' (2.90%) significantly increased Ca content of leaves. The results of this study suggest that Pseudomonas BA-8 and Bacillus OSU-142 alone or in combination have the potential to increase the yield, growth, and nutrition of apple trees.
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    Fruit Bio-thinning by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in Apple cvs. Golden Delicious and Braeburn
    (A B ACADEMIC PUBL, 2009) Esitken, Ahmet; Pirlak, Lutfi; Ipek, Muzaffer; Donmez, M. Figen; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Sahin, Fikrettin
    During 2006 and 2007, fruit thinning effects of three plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPB) strains (Bacillus OSU-142, Microbacterium R2(3) and Bacillus T7) and NAA (10 and 20 ppm) were tested in apple cvs. Golden Delicious and Braeburn in terms of fruit setting, yield, fruit weight, fruit firmness, total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity and shoot length in the province of Konya, Turkey. Bacterial strains were sprayed at 7, 14 and 21 days after full bloom, and NAA was sprayed at 21 days after full bloom. The results showed that NAA and bacterial treatments decreased fruit setting and number of fruit per tree at various ratios in both cultivars. The lowest fruit setting cvs. Golden Delicious and Braeburn were obtained from 20 ppm NAA treatment in both years. Among the bacterial treatments R2(3) (24.1% in 2006 and 39.1% in 2007) in Golden Delicious and R2(3) (11.6% in 2006) and T7 (17.3% in 2007) in Braeburn gave the lowest fruit setting ratio while fruit setting ratio in Golden Delicious and Braeburn were 36.7 and 46.2% (2006) and 12.8 and 28.2% (2007) in the control, respectively. The highest fruit number was found from the control in both cultivars and years. Fruit yield was significantly decreased in Golden Delicious by NAA treatments but not affected in Braeburn by thinning. The highest yield was found from the control in cvs. Golden Delicious and Braeburn in both years. However, fruit weight was significantly increased by NAA and bacterial treatments. While the lowest fruit weight was in the control in both cultivars and years, the highest fruit weight was in R2(3) in Golden Delicious (164.6 g in 2006) and T7 (138.7 g in 2006) and OSU-142 (173.5 g in 2007) treatments in Braeburn. Treatments of R2(3) and T7 significantly increased fruit firmness in Golden Delicious and Braeburn in both years, respectively compared with the control. NAA and bacterial applications also significantly increased TSS in Braeburn but not Golden Delicious. The results of this study suggest that Bacillus OSU-142, Microbacterium R2(3) and Bacillus T7 have the potential to be used as fruit thinning agents under organic and sustainable growing conditions on apple.
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    Growth and Mineral Acquisition Response of Grapevine Rootstocks (Vitis spp.) to Inoculation with Different Strains of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
    (WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2012) Sabir, Ali; Yazici, M. Atilla; Kara, Zeki; Sahin, Fikrettin
    BACKGROUND: Effects of the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains Burkholderia gladii BA-7, Bacillus subtilis OSU-142, Bacillus megatorium M-3 and Azospirillum brasilense Sp 245 on vegetative development and mineral uptake of 1103 P and 41 B grapevine rootstocks were investigated. The roots of nursery plants of the grapevine rootstocks were immersed in bacterial solutions and transplanted to a sterilised peat and perlite mixture in 5 L pots. Plants were cultivated in a semi-controlled glasshouse during the vegetation period. RESULTS: Vegetative development of grapevine rootstocks was obviously promoted by bacterial inoculation, with the maximum increase induced by Sp 245. Inoculation with Sp 245 also significantly improved the chlorophyll concentrations of the leaves of the two rootstocks. Among the bacteria, OSU-142 also significantly stimulated vegetative development and mineral acquisition of the plants. Nutrient contents of the leaf blades of the plants were generally higher than those of control plants. CONCLUSION: Overall investigations revealed that A. brasilense Sp 245 and B. subtilis OSU-142 performed more efficiently than the other strains. Therefore these bacteria seem to have considerable potential in reducing the need for inorganic fertiliser. Copyright (C) 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.
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    PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) INCREASE YIELD, GROWTH AND NUTRITION OF STRAWBERRY UNDER HIGH-CALCAREOUS SOIL CONDITIONS
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2014) Ipek, Muzaffer; Pirlak, Lutfi; Esitken, Ahmet; Donmez, M. Figen; Turan, Metin; Sahin, Fikrettin
    Plant growth promoting effects of Alcaligenes 637Ca, Staphylococcus MFDCa-1, MFDCa-2, Agrobacterium A18, Pantoea FF1 and Bacillus M3 were tested on strawberry cv. Aromas' based on yield, number, and weight of fruit, leaf area, vitamin C, total soluble solids (TSS), acidity and ionic composition of leaves under calcareous soil conditions. The results demonstrated that all of bacterial treatments significantly affected all parameters tested. The best result was obtained from 637Ca treatment, which significantly increased fruit yield, number and weight about 47.5, 34.7, and 9.4%, respectively, compared to control. Except for magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) in the leaf, the concentrations of all plant tissue nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), boron (B)] were significantly increased by bacterial treatments tested. The data in the present study showed that all bacterial treatments including Alcaligenes 637Ca, Staphylococcus MFDCa-1, MFDCa-2, Agrobacterium A18, Pantoea FF1, and Bacillus M3 to strawberry plants can ameliorative the deleterious effect of high lime on fruit yield, growth and nutrition. These results suggested that plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatments could be offer an economic and simple means to increased plant resistance for high calcareous soil conditions.
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    Screening of Blackberry and Raspberry Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fire Blight Disease in Turkey
    (AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2014) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus; Sahin, Fikrettin
    Fire blight is the most destructive bacterial disease of rosaceous plants containing berry fruits. The present study was conducted to determine host resistance among the extensively grown raspberry cultivars (Willamette, Rubin ye Aksu Red, Heritage, and Royalty) and blackberry cultivars (Bursa-1, Bursa-2, Bursa-3, Chester, Loch Ness, and Jumbo) to Erwinia amylovora, which is the causal agent of the fire blight disease. In the greenhouse and field experiments, the plants were inoculated with two virulent strains of E. amylovora to evaluate whether cultivar strain interactions exist. Disease index (%) and disease severity (%) were determined regarding diseased plant symptoms and classified into four susceptibility groups (HR, MR, S, and HS). Raspberry cultivar Willamette and blackberry cultivar Bursa-1 appeared to be highly susceptible with average 50% disease severity ratings. One of the raspberry cv., Royalty, was moderately resistant with an average 25% disease severity rating. This is the first study determining resistance reactions of native and common blackberry and raspberry varieties against fire blight in Turkey. As the cultivation of berries expands to new regions and larger acreages, a serious outbreak of fire blight may be potentially much more destructive in the future. Therefore, phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent any further spread of the bacterium to new blackberry- and raspberry-growing areas. The study will serve as an initial guide for growers and breeders for their appropriate raspberry and blackberry selections in Turkey.