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Öğe Correlation between developmental stages of the human heart and gestational ages(SAUDI MED J, 2005) Uysal, II; Karabulut, AK; Salbacak, A; Buyukmumcu, M; Seker, MObjectives: In this study we aimed to investigate the normal developmental pattern of the human fetal heart in second and third trimester, and to evaluate the correlation of the values with the gestational age (GA). Methods: Seventy spontaneously aborted human fetuses with no external malformations were investigated and 11 parameters from each were assessed. The relationship of these parameters with the GA was evaluated by linear regression and correlation analyses using statistical methods. In addition, the values were compared to the gender and sides of the heart using Student t-test. This study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Meram Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey, during the period from 2000 to 2004. Results: There was a statistically significant linear relationship between the heart wall thicknesses, the development of the valves of the heart and GA. The mean values of the right side of the heart were found to be higher than those of the left side, and differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Although, most of the parameters were found to be higher in females, only 2 of them were statistically significant. All parameters of the cardiac valves measured were significantly higher in the second trimester. There was no difference regarding the correlation ratio of the trimesters between the pulmonary valve diameter and GA. The measurement of the cardiac valves did not show any differences regarding the gender. Conclusion: This study presents the normal values of the development of the fetal heart in second and third trimester that may provide useful background information for clinical approaches.Öğe Investigation of the bifurcation level of the common carotid artery and variations of the branches of the external carotid artery in human fetuses(ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2005) Zumre, O; Salbacak, A; Cicekcibasi, AE; Tuncer, I; Seker, MVariations in the position of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the origin or branching pattern of the external. carotid artery (ECA) are well known and documented. In this study, the bifurcation levels of the CCA and origin variations of the branches of the ECA have been extensively investigated in human fetuses. Bilaterally, 40 carotid bifurcations and 40 ECA and their branches have been examined. A latex solution, which had been diluted with water at a ratio of 25% and colored with red India ink, was injected into the aortic arch. Fetuses were kept at room temperature for 24 h before the ECA and its branches were dissected under the microsurgery microscope. Cases of variation were determined and photographed. The bifurcation level of the CCA was determined to be 55% at the C-3 level, 35% at the C-4 level., 10% at the C-5 level on the right side and 60% at the C-3 Level., 40% at the C-4 level on left side. The distribution of the ECA trunks was determined as follows: A linguofacial trunk was present in 20% of the cases, a thyrolingual trunk in 2.5%, a thyrolinguofacial trunk in 2.5% and an occipitoauricular trunk in 12.5%. Beyond this the ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) was observed in one fetus to originate from the internal carotid artery (ICA). Knowledge of variations in the origin and course of the ECA and its branches is of great importance in surgery and radiological examinations. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe An investigation of the origin, location and variations of the renal arteries in human fetuses and their clinical relevance(URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2005) Cicekcibasi, AE; Ziylan, T; Salbacak, A; Seker, M; Buyukmumcu, M; Tuncer, IWe investigated the origin, localizations and anatomic variations of the renal artery (RA) in human fetuses with the aim of determining the distribution of these variations according to lateralization and gender. In total, 90 fetuses of spontaneous abortion (45 mates, 45 females) with no congenital malformations were included to the study. The abdominal aorta and its branches were dissected after latex solution colored with red ink had been injected into the vessels from the thoracic aorta. In all., 180 RA dissections were performed bilaterally in 90 cases and the anatomic variations were photographed. Right and left RAs were found to originate from the following levels according to the columna vertebratis, respectively: 3.8% and 1.9% tower T-12, 67.3% and 25.0% upper L-1, 9.6% and 28.8% mid L-1, 15.3% and 40.3 lower L-1, 3.8% and 3.8% upper 1/3 part of L-2 vertebra. The right RA originated from the lateral part and anterolateral wall of the abdominal aorta in 73.0% and 26.9% of cases white the lateral. and anterolateral watt origin percentages of left RA were 90.3% and 9.6%, respectively. The origin site of the right RA from the abdominal aorta was superior to, at the same level with, and inferior to that of the left RA in 53.8%, 34.6% and 11.5% of the cases, respectively. There were no variations in 75% of the cases whereas the remaining 25% had several variation patterns. The presented morphological results are as follows: A single hilar artery in 75% of the cases, double hilar arteries in 11.1%, an inferior polar artery in 10.5%, and a superior polar artery in 3.3% of specimens studied. Anatomical variations were observed more frequently among mate fetuses and on the right side. Knowledge of RA variations is important for surgeons in performing many procedures and may help to avoid clinical. complications, especially, during radiological examination and/or surgical approaches in the abdominal. region. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe A morphometric study and variations on the lumbar arteries of human fetuses(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2005) Seker, M; Cicekcibasi, AE; Salbacak, A; Buyukmumcu, MLumbar arteries are in series with the posterior intercostal. arteries. The aim of this study has been to investigate the morphometric data on the abdominal aorta of the human fetus and define different types of origin variations of the Lumbar artery. Initially, the latex solution colored with red ink was injected into the thoracic aorta. The abdominal. aorta and its branches were dissected and examined bilaterally in 120 fetuses (ranging between 16 and 32 post-menstrual. weeks) and the anatomic variations recorded. Fourteen fetuses with variations were studied and photographed. The origins and morphologic variations of the lumbar arteries were defined and classified. The morphological. relationship of the Lumbar arteries to the abdominal. aorta and the Length and width (diameter) of the vessels were investigated by performing measurements using a digital calliper (mm). The frequency and the types of the different variations determined in the present study have been Listed. Abdominal aortic branches and lumbar artery aneurysms are rare lesions with potentially life-threatening consequences and they are difficult to access anatomically and formidable to manage operatively. During the performance of conventional or open surgical. replacement of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with prosthetic grafts, the surgeon needs precise knowledge of the anatomy of the abdominal. aortic branches and immediate retroperitoneal. structures. The variations on the lumbar arteries may have clinical importance. When this region is under diagnostic and/or surgical investigation using computed tomography scan or diagnostic angiography, the possibility of these variations should be take into consideration to avoid complications. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe A rare variation of the coeliac trunk(URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG, 2005) Cicekcibasi, AE; Uysal, II; Seker, M; Tuncer, I; Buyukmumcu, M; Salbacak, AThe hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries are considered as the "main classic branches" of the coeliac trunk. During the routine dissections in the laboratory of the Anatomy Department in a 62-year-old mate cadaver, a rare variation, a coeliacomesenteric trunk was observed. This trunk gave rise to the left gastric, the common hepatic, the splenic, the left gastro-epiploic, the right and Left inferior phrenic arteries. The developmental and clinical significance of this anomalous vessel is discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
