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Öğe The Design of Training Elevators for Effective Learning(IEEE, 2015) Selek, Murat; Terzioglu, Hakan; Kazan, Fatih AlpaslanThe desire to use the settlement areas productively along with the gradually increasing population leads the increase in the number of multi-storey buildings. With the increase of multistory buildings, the need for Elevators evenly increases. In this study, a multi-purpose training elevator was designed in order to contribute the need of training personnel required for the increasing need for elevators. This elevator is an education set designed to be used in the training of students in the department of mechatronics, electric and electronics at vocational-technical education institutes. Through this elevator training set, the education of students became more qualitative, more permanent and more effective. In the designed training set, moreover, the designing of elevator was executed in order to control it through PLC, SCADA or microcontroller. Thus, the students are informed through the training set and the software was introduced in the courses of PLC, SCADA and microcontroller.Öğe Designing medical expert system based on logical reduced rule for basic malaria diagnosis from malaria signs and symptoms(EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017) Selek, Murat; Basciftci, Fatih; Orucu, SerkanPurpose - Malaria is one of the most sinister life-threatening disease and generally transmitted by the bite of an Anopheles mosquito which was infected. These mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. Worldwide risk of malaria thread is very hard to deal, because of extreme temperature and climate changes which lead to uncontrolled changes in the mosquito population, as many deaths from malaria occur outside the healthcare system and other infections might be misdiagnosed as malaria unless a diagnostic test is done. The purpose of this study is creating a system which is early diagnosing malaria for settlements adequate healthcare units and non-immune travellers. Design/methodology/approach - In this study's system, the authors developed a new medical expert system (MES) process using the decreased rule base to detect malaria. The authors' purpose was to successfully identify the illness by taking all symptoms of malaria into consideration in the MES (six basic signs, 64 different conditions). In the proposed MES process, in place of inspecting all the malaria-related signs, the authors used the decreased rule bases. Findings - So as to take the lessen decreased bases, Boolean functions are used in a two-level simplification method. Using this method, decreased cases were evaluated by taking six symptoms of malaria into account instead of assessing 64 individual conditions. Research limitations/implications - The system can be used in diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive respiratory disease. Practical implications - The system can be used in absence of adequate healthcare units. Thus, malaria can be diagnosed early. Originality/value - The authors hope that the system they have developed will be useful for settlements in the absence of adequate healthcare units and non-immune travellers.Öğe The Designing of an Educational Solar Panel That Can Be Controlled in Different Ways(IEEE, 2015) Terzioglu, Hakan; Kazan, Fatih Alpaslan; Selek, MuratNowadays, reasons such as the gradual decrease of natural gas, coal, oil and oil derivatives, fluctuations in water levels in dams, and doubts surrounding the reliability of nuclear power plants and waste problems connected with them have caused people to search for renewable energy resources that have lower costs per unit, and do less damage to nature. To this end, intensive efforts have been made in the past decade to make use of solar energy for the purpose of producing electricity. As a result of these efforts, the use of solar panels is increasing rapidly. In parallel to this, the need for staff members who have knowledge and skills about these systems and are well-qualified is also increasing. In this study, a multi-purpose and educational solar energy set was designed in order to meet the need for well-qualified personnel in the field of solar energy education. This set was designed to be used in the education of students attending mechatronics, control automation, electric and electronic departments in institutions of vocational and technical education. This set enabled students to see the equipment used in the solar panels, serial and parallel connections of the panels and how electric energy is obtained from the panels. The control of the panels in the set was designed in such a way as to be performed using PLC, SCADA or microcontroller. In this way, it was made possible that in PLC, SCADA and microcontroller classes, controls can be implemented regarding the dual-axis movement of the panel. It was seen that using this set, students were enabled to receive better quality, more lasting and more effective education as a result of the instruction given to them.Öğe Detection of delaminations of laminar composites by infrared thermography(2016) Şahin, Ömer Sinan; Selek, MuratThe laminar composite materials may lost their bending stiffness and strength by formation of the delamination during production and service. However, these delaminations can be barely visible by the naked eye and thus the damage detection of composites materials is inspected generally in laboratory. In this study, the in situ detection of the delamination in laminar composite materials was investigated by using infrared thermography approach. First the composite materials were subjected to low velocity impacts to create arbitrary delamination. Then, these composites materials were exposed to cyclic bending loading and observed by using a thermal camera. The temperature variations caused by the friction within delaminated field have been investigated. It is shown that the delamination damages under cyclic loads cause to a serious internal friction and the delamination can be detected by infrared thermographyÖğe Determination of equivalent circuit parameters of induction motors by using heuristic algorithms(Selçuk Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi, 2017) Selek, Murat; Terzioğlu, HakanInduction motors (IMs) are commonly used in industry due to the fact that they are simple, economic, durable, maintenance-free and they can run in every environmental conditions. Non-linear model and time varying parameters of IMs make it quite difficult to develop their mathematical models. In high performance applications, it is necessary to determine these parameters that affect driving technique. In this study, when induction motor (IM) was started with continuous and discrete signals, the effects on the motor equivalent circuit parameters of these operating states were investigated. Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) were used to investigate and determine the changes in parameters and performance. Equivalent circuit parameters were determined on two IMs with 2.2kW and 5.5kW. In this study, it was seen that Differential Evolution Algorithm (DEA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) determined electrical equivalent circuit parameters of IM with minimum 0,07% error and minimum 0,28% error, respectively.Öğe Determination of the fatigue state of the material under dynamic loading by thermal video image processing(IEEE, 2007) Selek, Murat; Kahramanli, SirzatIn this study we propose an infrared thermography and artificial neural networks (ANNs) based method for obtaining the fatigue state of the steel specimen under bending fatigue. We use the thermal images (TIs) of the specimen under bending fatigue, taken by FUR E45 infrared camera at 1 Hz. By processing TIs using ANNs we obtain temperatures of the characteristic spots of the specimen surface. Based on these temperatures we fit curve on which we fix the temperatures of all spots of the specimen surface. The region of hottest spots of the TI obtained by this method allows us to kept under control the probably crack region of the tested specimen until it is fractured.Öğe Effect of Hardness upon Temperature Rise of Steel Specimens during Bending Fatigue by Using Infrared Thermography(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2011) Selek, Murat; Sahin, Omer Sinan; Kahramanli, SirzatIn this study, the effects of hardness on temperature increase of ST 37 steel during fatigue loading were investigated. Steel specimens are made of ST 37 steel and subjected to heat treatment to obtain different hardness. The specimens were subjected to reverse bending fatigue loading and the specimens were observed by using a infrared (IR) camera during the test. The obtained thermal images were recorded by FUR E45 IR camera and then transferred to the image processing program developed by using MATLAB. Thus after image processing, thermal values used to detect the temperature rise of the surface of the steel specimen under fatigue loading were obtained. During the fatigue, the material is subjected to strain energy input which result in plastic or/and elastic deformation. This event results in an increase of temperature within material. The energy conservation requires that the generated heat shows itself as heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation and internal energy increase. Besides, if the material has undergone plastic deformation, an additional term which accounts this effect should be included within energy conservation equation. In order to observe the effect of plastic deformation upon temperature increase of material, the ability of plastic deformation has been changed through the change of hardness and the thermal variations during fatigue has been investigated.Öğe İnfrared termografi yoluyla metal yorulmasının gerçek zamanda analizi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2007) Selek, Murat; Kahramanlı, ŞirzatBu çalıma, infrared termografi ve yapay sinir aları temelinde eme yorulması altındaki metal malzemelerin kırılma öncesi durumunu tespit etmek amacıyla gerçekletirilmitir. Metal malzemelerin yorulma süreci üç farklı sıcaklık aaması göstermektedir. Bunlardan, ilki balangıç sıcaklık artı aaması, ikincisi sabit sıcaklık aaması, üçüncüsü malzemenin bozulması sonucunda sıcaklıın ani bir tepe deere ulaarak dütüü aamadır. Yorulma süreci için kritik olan üçüncü bölgeyi tespit etmek amacıyla, FLIR E45 termal kameradan 1Hz frekansında kaydedilen termal görüntüler MATLAB 7.1'de hazırlanmı olan görüntü ileme programına transfer edilmektedir. Bu program ile her bir termal görüntüde bulunan karakteristik leke sıcaklıklarını ifade eden alanlar, görüntüden kesilerek yapay sinir aları tarafından ilenecek hale getirilir ve yapay sinir alarına verilir. Görüntü tanıma ve sınıflandırma eklinde yapay sinir aları ile sayısal olarak elde edilen karakteristik sıcaklık deerleri kullanılarak malzeme yüzeyindeki sıcaklık daılımının matematik modeli oluturulur ve bu model kullanılarak görüntünün dier lekelerindeki sıcaklık deerleri kullanılmadan malzeme yüzeyindeki sıcaklık daılımı bulunabilir. Bu yaklaım veri ileme sürecini hızlandırdıı için gerçek resmi ilemeye nazaran daha hızlı sonuçlar alınmasını salar. Bu sayede bir sonraki resim alınana kadar bir önceki resmin ilenmesi bitirilmi olur ki bu da malzemenin yorulma durumunu gerçek zamanda izleme imkânı salar. Resimlerin matematik modellerini kullanarak elde edilen verilerin ilenmesi ile malzemenin youn deformasyona urayan bölgelerinde sıcaklık artıları gözlenmitir. Youn deformasyonun meydana geldii yüksek sıcaklıklı bu bölgeler muhtemel çatlak balama bölgeleri olarak tespit edilerek, yorulma sürecinin sonuna kadar gözlenmitir.Öğe Investigation of Bending Fatigue of Composite Plates by Using Infrared Thermography(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2011) Sahin, Omer Sinan; Selek, Murat; Kahramanli, SirzatIn this study, the temperature rise of composite plates with a hole during fatigue loading was investigated. Woven glass/epoxy composite plates with eight plies were subjected to bending fatigue loading and materials were observed by using a thermal camera during the test. Previous works showed that a heat generation can form due to internal friction and damage formation. Therefore, a thermographic infrared imaging system was used to detect the temperature rise of composite specimens. During the tests, the thermal images of the specimens have been recorded by a thermal camera and then transferred to the image processing program which has been developed by using MATLAB. By using these thermal images, the spot temperatures of the specimen were obtained by using artificial neural networks. The obtained temperatures show local increase at places where the heat generation localized. These regions considered being the probable damage initiation sites. It is shown in this study that most probable damage initiation zones in the woven glass/epoxy composite material can be detected by using infrared thermography (IRT) approach prior to failure.Öğe The logic transformations for reducing the complexity of the discernibility function-based attribute reduction problem(SPRINGER LONDON LTD, 2016) Hacibeyoglu, Mehmet; Salman, Mohammad Shukri; Selek, Murat; Kahramanli, SirzatThe basic solution for locating an optimal reduct is to generate all possible reducts and select the one that best meets the given criterion. Since this problem is NP-hard, most attribute reduction algorithms use heuristics to find a single reduct with the risk to overlook for the best ones. There is a discernibility function (DF)-based approach that generates all reducts but may fail due to memory overflows even for datasets with dimensionality much below the medium. In this study, we show that the main shortcoming of this approach is its excessively high space complexity. To overcome this, we first represent a DF of attributes by a bit-matrix (BM). Second, we partition the BM into no more than sub-BMs (SBMs). Third, we convert each SBM into a subset of reducts by preventing the generation of redundant products, and finally, we unite the subsets into a complete set of reducts. Among the SBMs of a BM, the most complex one is the first SBM with a space complexity not greater than the square root of that of the original BM. The proposed algorithm converts such a SBM with attributes into the subset of reducts with the worst case space complexity of .Öğe Mikrokontrollörlü uzaktan kumanda cihazının tasarlanması(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1997-09-19) Selek, Murat; Allahverdi, NovruzMikrokontrollörler, değişik endüstriyel alanlarda giderek artan hızla yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadırlar. Buna bağlı olarak, çalışmamızda mikrokontrollörün elekronik haberleşme alanında uygulanması bir proje olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu projenin, özellikle kablosuz haberleşme için kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, biri verici diğeri alıcı olmak üzere iki modülden oluşan bir haberleşme kumanda cihazı sunulmuştur. Verici modülü 8031 mikrokontrollör, FSK modulator, FM verici devrelerinden ve alıcı modülü ise 8031 mikrokontrollör, dalga şekillendirici FM aiıcı devrelerinden oluşmakladır. Bu uzaktan kumanda sistemi bir vinci x, y, z eksenlerinde ileri ve geri hareket ettirmek için geliştirildiğinden elektrik motorlarını kontrol edecek gerekli programlar da yazılmış ve sistemde uygulanmıştır. Sonuçta, geliştirilmiş uzaktan kumanda sisteminin geleneksel kablolu sisteme göre maliyetinin daha düşük olduğu, otomasyona daha uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe Mikrokontrollörlü uzaktan kumanda cihazının tasarlanması(Selçuk Üniversitesi Teknoloji Fakültesi, 2000) Selek, MuratMikrokontrollörler, değişik endüstriyel alanlarda giderek artan hızla yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadırlar. Buna bağlı olarak, çalışmamızda mikrokontrollörün elektronik haberleşme alanında uygulanması bir proje olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu projenin, özellikle kablosuz haberleşme için kullanılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, biri verici diğeri alıcı olmak üzere iki modülden oluşan bir haberleşme kumanda cihazı sunulmuştur. Verici modülü 8051 mikrokontrollör, FSK modülatör, FM verici devrelerinden ve alıcı modülü ise 8051 mikrokontrollör, dalga şekillendirici FM alıcı devrelerinden oluşmaktadır. Bu uzaktan kumanda sistemi bir vinci x, y, z eksenlerinde ileri ve geri hareket ettirmek için geliştirildiğinden elektrik motorlarını kontrol edecek gerekli programlar da yazılmış ve sistemde uygulanmıştır. Sonuçta, geliştirilmiş uzaktan kumanda sisteminin geleneksel kablolu sisteme göre maliyetinin daha düşük olduğu, otomasyona daha uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe A New Autofocusing Method Based on Brightness and Contrast for Color Cameras(UNIV SUCEAVA, FAC ELECTRICAL ENG, 2016) Selek, MuratThe autofocusing is one of the most important features of imaging devices. This feature directly affects the quality of the image taken by the imaging device. Currently, many studies are being performed to improve the feature of autofocusing. In this study, we propose a method for passive autofocusing of the color cameras. This method suggested is called as the Passive Autofocusing Based-Brightness and Contrast (PA Based-BC). According to this method, autofocusing is performed by identifying the brightness of the R, G and B color components of the RGB image and by focusing of the camera on the brightest color component. To this end, in this study, many experiments have been conducted. The analyses of these experiments show that the contrast-based focusing made depending on the brightness gives much better results. The use of this method upgrades the focusing accuracy of the color camera up to 95%.Öğe A REDUCED OFFSET BASED METHOD FOR FAST COMPUTATION OF THE PRIME IMPLICANTS COVERING A GIVEN CUBE(ICIC INTERNATIONAL, 2012) Basciftci, Fatih; Kahramanli, Sirzat; Selek, MuratIn order to generate prime implicants for a cube of a logic function, most logic minimization methods expand this cube by one at a time removing the literals from it. However, there is an intractable problem of determining the order of literals to be removed from the cube and checking whether a tentative literal removal is acceptable. In order to avoid this problem, the reduced offset method was developed. This method uses the positional-cube notation where every reduced off-cube of an n-variable function is represented by two n-bit strings. However, unfortunately, the conversion of such reduced cubes to the associated prime implicants has the time complexity worse than exponential. To avoid this problem, in this study, the method representing every reduced cube by a single n-bit string and a set of bitwise operations to be performed on such strings are proposed. The theoretical and experimental estimations show that this approach can significantly improve the quality of results and reduce the space and time complexities of the logic minimization process 2 times and up to 3.5 times, respectively.Öğe Temperature increase during orthodontic bonding with different curing units using an infrared camera(INFORMA HEALTHCARE, 2014) Aksakallı, Sertaç; Demir, Abdullah; Selek, Murat; Taşdemir, ŞakirAim. To evaluate the effects of different curing units and light-tip tooth surface distances on the temperature increase generated during orthodontic bonding, using an infrared camera (IR) and artificial neural networks (ANN). Materials and methods. Fifty-two freshly extracted human premolar teeth were used. Metallic orthodontic brackets were bonded to the buccal surfaces of the teeth and thermal records were taken using an IR camera and ANN. Brackets were cured with a lightemitting diode (LED) and high intensity halogen (HQTH). Teeth were divided into four groups according to the curing units (LED and HQTH) and curing distances (from tooth surface and 10 mm away from tooth surface). The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey HSD test. Results. The ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests revealed that temperature changes were influenced by the type of light source and exposure times. All groups revealed significant differences between each other (p < 0.001). The highest surface temperature increase was gained from curing with a LED unit from the tooth surface (11.35 degrees C +/- 0.91 degrees C). The lowest surface temperature increase was gained from curing with a HQTH unit 10 mm away from the tooth surface (2.57 degrees C +/- 0.6 degrees C). Conclusion. The LED unit induced significantly higher temperature changes than did the HQTH. The temperature increase during orthodontic bonding was increased with long exposure time. A shorter light-tip tooth surface distance leads to greater increases in temperature.Öğe The Use of dsPIC in the Identification of Inertia Moment and Friction Coefficient of PMS and DC Motors(TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD, 2014) Terzioglu, Hakan; Kazan, Fatih Alpaslan; Selek, MuratIn the present study, the inertia moment and friction coefficient of direct current (DC) and permanent magnet synchronous (PMS) motors were calculated. Retardation experiment was carried out to calculate these values, and current, voltage and rotation values of the motor were calculated with the help of sensors. The measurement results were read with the help of a card designed using dsPIC30F4013, a high-performance digital signal controller. Power and torque values were calculated using the data transferred into the computer. Graphs showing power-velocity and velocity-time were drawn through the use of the values that were measured and calculated. Power-time graph was obtained by using these two graphs. To be able to carry out numerical procedures using the power-time graph created, curve fitting method in MATLAB was used, and mathematical expression of the graph was obtained. The kinetic energy stored in the motor was calculated using the mathematical expression mentioned, and the inertia moment was found using this value. The friction coefficient was calculated using the torque equation for stationary running of the motor at rated speed. The results of the simulation carried out in MATLAB by using the calculated coefficients and those of the experiment were compared.Öğe Using Artificial Neural Networks for Real-Time Observation of the Endurance State of a Steel Specimen Under Loading(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Selek, Murat; Şahin, Ömer Sinan; Kahramanlı, SirzatThe surface temperature behavior of a steel specimen under bending fatigue is exactly divided into three stages: an initial temperature increase stage, a constant temperature stage and an abrupt temperature increase stage at the end of which the specimen fails. To obtain the endurance state of the specimen we use its thermal images (TIs). By applying artificial neural networks (ANNs) and other operations to these TIs we obtain spots with maximal, approximately medium and minimal temperatures. Then by using these temperatures we analytically obtain the temperatures all of spots of the specimen and localize the regions consisting of spots of relatively high temperatures. We consider such a region as one to be cracked firstly. This approach allows us to handle only those spots that are of interest and to work in real-time even by using an infrared (IR) camera and a computer with average technical features. We are using the result obtained in this study for fatigue testing the steel materials and for sensing the pre-fatigue state of a specific part of a machine being worked in order to take preventive measures before it breaks down.
