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    Haptoglobin and SAA Concentrations and Enzyme Activities in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids From Calves With Bronchopneumonia
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2012) Coskun, A.; Guzelbektes, H.; Simsek, A.; Aydogdu, U.; Sayin, Z.; Sen, I.
    The aim of this study was to evidence acute phase response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from calves with bronchopneumonia by measuring Haptoglobin and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) concentrations and some enzyme activities. For that, 30 calves with bronchopneumonia and 8 clinically healthy calves were selected on the basis of the clinical signs and examination and laboratory analysis. Haematological analysis (White Blood Cell counts) was performed using an automated haematology cell counter. In blood and BALF samples, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and the total protein concentrations were measured using an automatic analyzer, whereas Haptoglobin and SAA concentrations were measured with commercially available ELISA kits. Proteinemia, GGT activity, haptoglobin and SAA concentrations in sera from diseased calves were significantly and dramatically increased compared to the healthy controls, while increases in other parameters (leukocyte count, ALP and LDH activities) were not statistically significant. Significant increases in LDH and GGT activities and in concentrations of the 2 acute phase proteins were also evidenced in BALF samples from calves with bronchopneumonia compared to the controls. In addition, except in 2 diseased animals, haptoglobin and SAA concentrations in BALF samples were above 250 and 25 mu g/L, respectively, whereas they have remained below the threshold values in all clinically healthy calves. These results show that BALF haptoglobin and SAA concentrations are useful acute phase proteins (APPs) for the determination of pulmonary inflammation in calves and future studies are needed to determine the importance of local acute phase response in the respiratory system.
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    The level of serum ionised calcium, aspartate aminotransferase, insulin, glucose, betahydroxybutyrate concentrations and blood gas parameters in cows with left displacement of abomasum
    (POLSKA AKAD NAUK, POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, UNIV WARMIA & MAZURY OLSZTYN, 2006) Sen, I.; Ok, M.; Coskun, A.
    The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of serum glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOH) and ionised calcium (Ica) in dairy cows with left displaced abomasum (LDA) and to compare these parameters before and after surgical correction of LDA. Eighteen Swiss-Holstein dairy cows with LDA were used in this study. Clinically healthy post parturient cows (n: 10) from a local dairy farm were used as control group. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein from all the cows. Surgery was performed in cows with LDA. Blood samples from cows with LDA were collected 24 hours after surgery. The abomasum was repositioned followed by an omentopexy. Six of the 18 cows with LDA had clinical ketosis as detected with urine dipstick. The mean concentrations of insulin, BOH, glucose and AST in cows with LDA at admission time were increased compared with the healthy cows. But the mean concentration of ICa at admission time was slightly decreased compared with healthy cows. The mean BOH concentration was decreased 24 hours following surgery compared with values on admission time. However, the mean serum AST levels were increased both at admission time and 24 hours after surgery compared with healthy cows. The levels of blood gas parameters in cows with LDA were not significantly different in comparison with healthy cows, although hyperbasemia in six of 18 cows with LDA was determined. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that serum insulin, glucose, AST and BOH levels were increased in dairy cows with LDA. Serum BOH and ICa levels were decreased 24 hours after surgery compared with values on admission time. All cows with LDA used in this study had subclinical/clinical ketosis. We could say that ketosis might be a risk factor for the displacement of the abomasum.
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    The Studies on the Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Neonatal Calves and Determination of Virulence Gene Markers of Escherichia coli Strains by Multiplex PCR
    (WILEY, 2009) Ok, M.; Guler, L.; Turgut, K.; Ok, U.; Sen, I.; Gunduz, I. K.; Birdane, M. F.
    The purpose of this study was to determine aetiological agents of diarrhoea in neonatal calves and to investigate virulence gene markers of Escherichia coli strains isolated from calves by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eighty-two diarrhoeic calves and 18 healthy calves were used as subjects. Faeces were taken from the rectums of all the calves and were subjected to bacterial culture. Antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect rotavirus, coronavirus and E. coli K99 in faeces of all the calves. A multiplex PCR was used to characterize E. coli strains in all the calves. Escherichia coli was isolated from 37 faeces samples, Enterococcus ssp. was isolated from 22 faeces samples and Salmonella was isolated from one faeces sample in diarrhoeic calves. Furthermore, only E. coli was isolated from all 18 faeces samples of healthy calves. Of the 37 E. coli isolated from diarrhoeic calves, K99 (18.9%), F41 (18.9%), heat-stable enterotoxin a (STa) (18.9%), Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1; 13.5%) and Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2; 5.4%) and intimin (8.1%) genes were identified by multiplex PCR. Of the 18 E. coli isolated from healthy calves, K99 (16.6%) and intimin (55.5%) genes were identified by PCR. A total of 15 rotavirus, 11 coronavirus and 11 E. coli K99 were detected in diarrhoeic calves by the antigen ELISA. As a result, this study shows that rotavirus, coronavirus, E. coli and Enterococcus ssp. were determined to play a role in the aetiology of diarrhoea in the neonatal calves. K99, F41, STa, Stx1 and Stx2 were found as the most common virulence gene markers of E. coli strains isolated from calves with diarrhoea. Multiplex PCR may be useful for characterization of E. coli isolated from calves.
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    Venous lactate, pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide levels as prognostic indicators in 110 premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome
    (BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP, 2017) Yildiz, R.; Aydogdu, U.; Guzelbektes, H.; Coskun, A.; Sen, I.
    Hyperlactatemia, hypercapnia, low pH and low oxygen saturation (SatO(2)) are commonly observed in premature calves. These clinical indicators are associated with increased mortality in preterm human newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic importance of venous pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) and lactate level and which parameters are related with mortality in premature calves with RDS. All premature calves (52 male/58 female) were admitted to clinic within 12-24 hours after birth and blood samples were also taken into heparinised plastic syringes from the jugular vein within 30 minutes following admission. Diagnosis of RDS was made by both clinical signs and blood gas results. For the evaluation of independent samples, t test was used to compare the venous blood gas indicators of surviving and non-surviving premature calves. Receiver operating characteristics curves were used to determine a cut-off value in terms of lactate and pCO(2) measurements among non-surviving and surviving calves. Venous pH, pCO(2), SatO(2), base deficit, bicarbonate (HCO3) and lactate levels showed a significant variance between surviving and non-surviving calves. Mean venous pH, pCO(2), SatO(2), lactate levels in non-surviving premature calves was 7.05, 78.9 mm Hg, 16.1 per cent and 9.50 mmol/l, respectively. Mean pH, pCO(2), SatO(2) and lactate levels in surviving premature calves were 7.29, 56.3 mm Hg, 25.5 per cent and 5.1 mmol/l, respectively. The cut-off values for lactate and pCO(2) were 7.5 mmol/l and 63.5 mm Hg, respectively. In conclusion, the results of the study show that venous blood lactate and pCO(2) have prognostic importance in premature calves with RDS.