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    The comparison of THMs and HAAs formation and speciation by chlorination and chloramination for different water sources
    (GLOBAL NETWORK ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2017) Kucukcongar, S.; Sevimli, M. F.; Yel, E.
    Disinfection by-products (DBPs) can be controlled by using alternative disinfectants to chlorine, removing DBPs precursors prior to chlorination and removing DBPs after formed. Chloramine is widely used as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine usage. In this study to evaluate trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) formation and speciation for Altinapa and Omerli dam water isolates after chlorination and choramination procedures at different pH values was aimed. Compared with chlorination, the formation of THMs was reduced by approximately 4-fold in chloramination for Omerli dam water. Total THM concentrations remained below detection limits in Altinapa isolate after chloramination. The dominant species were CF and followed by BDCM and CDBM in case of chlorination, and almost no BF formed. BF is the dominant specie together with CF in case of chloramination, and no BDCM and CDBM formed at all pHs for Omerli dam water. HAA concentrations resulting from the use of chlorine were obtained 4.8-5.1 times higher from resulting from the use of chloramines at different pH values for Omerli Dam water; but this value was 5.5-8.7 for Altinapa Dam water. MCAA, DCAA and BCAA concentrations were a large part of the total HAA concentrations which obtained from chloramines usage for both isolates.
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    DBP FORMATION AND SPECIATION IN A CENTRAL ANATOLIAN DAM WATER DEPENDING ON pH, TOC LEVEL, FRACTION AND CHLORINE DOSE
    (GLOBAL NETWORK ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, 2013) Kucukcongar, S.; Sevimli, M. F.; Yel, E.
    The effects of pH, NOM concentration, fractions and the chlorine dose on the formation and speciation of THMs and HAAs were determined in Altinapa Dam water (Konya/Turkey). Water sample was isolated and chlorinated at different TOC levels and pH's. The isolate was fractioned; THM and HAA species were measured after chlorination. THM increased with increasing pH (6 to 8) whereas a consistent pH tendency could not be inferred from the HAA changes. CF is the dominant THM specie which exerts up to 91% of the total THM. The majority of total HAAs composed of MCAA, DCAA and TCAA. The hydrophobic fraction was the main THM precursor under the studied conditions although their percentage was lower than hydrophilics, whereas, hydrophilic fraction had significant contribution to HAA formation, in contrast to the general tendency for HAA. High correlation (0.97) was calculated between total THMs and HAAs.
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    Improving the Sludge Disintegration Efficiency of Sonication by Combining With Alkalization and Thermal Pre-Treatment Methods
    (Iwa Publishing, 2012) Sahinkaya, S.; Sevimli, M. F.; Aygun, A.
    One of the most serious problems encountered in biological wastewater treatment processes is the production of waste activated sludge (WAS). Sonication, which is an energy-intensive process, is the most powerful sludge pre-treatment method. Due to lack of information about the combined pretreatment methods of sonication, the combined pre-treatment methods were investigated and it was aimed to improve the disintegration efficiency of sonication by combining sonication with alkalization and thermal pre-treatment methods in this study. The process performances were evaluated based on the quantities of increases in soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), protein and carbohydrate. The releases of soluble COD, carbohydrate and protein by the combined methods were higher than those by sonication, alkalization and thermal pre-treatment alone. Degrees of sludge disintegration in various options of sonication were in the following descending order: sono-alkalization > sonothermal pre-treatment > sonication. Therefore, it was determined that combining sonication with alkalization significantly improved the sludge disintegration and decreased the required energy to reach the same yield by sonication. In addition, effects on sludge settleability and dewaterability and kinetic mathematical modelling of pre-treatment performances of these methods were investigated. It was proven that the proposed model accurately predicted the efficiencies of ultrasonic pretreatment methods.