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    Agrophysical assessment of alluvial calcareous soils of the Cumra region of Central Anatolia in Turkey
    (PLEIADES PUBLISHING INC, 2014) Shein, E. V.; Erol, S. A.; Milanovskii, E. Yu.; Verkhovtseva, N. V.; Mikayilov, F. D.; Er, F.; Ersahin, S.
    Some physical (density, coefficient of filtration, particle-size composition, etc.) and chemical (contents of carbonates, organic carbon, nitrogen, etc.) properties of an alluvial calcareous soil were studied in Central Anatolia (Konya province, Cumra region). These heavy-textured (medium clay) soils with a low content of organic carbon (less than 1%) have favorable agrophysical properties due to the stable structure of the pore space. The studies of the water regime of soils under drop irrigation confirm the favorable hydrological properties of these soils. The use of the known agrophysical estimates (after Medvedev, the index of the optimal water regime, etc.) has revealed the high dispersal of the data related to the low humus content in these heavy-textured soils. The favorable structure of the pore space is suggested to be stipulated by the active activity of the numerous and diverse representatives of soil biota. Four phyla predominate in the microbio-logical composition of the soils studied; among them, Actinobacteria is the dominant. The composition of this phylum is dominated by the elevated number of both higher (Streptomyces) and lower (three species of Rhodococcus) actinobacteria. The high biodiversity of bacteria against the background of their great total number and the developed trophic interactions in the microbial community promote the well-balanced production of specific metabolites, including gaseous ones (CO2, H-2). This circumstance allows this clayey soil to function rather actively while protecting the pore space against compaction and maintaining the optimal density, porosity, and hydrological properties.
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    Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils of the Bafra plain in Turkey
    (MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2011) Kizilkaya, R.; Dengiz, O.; Ozyazici, M. A.; Askin, T.; Mikayilov, F.; Shein, E. V.
    For analyzing the spatial distribution of the Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, and heavy metal (HM) sources on the Bafra deltaic plain (the central Black Sea district of Turkey), 108 soil samples were collected from the 0- to 20-cm layer in an area of about 100 thousand ha. The soil enrichment factor (the ratio between the metal concentration in the soil samples and its content in the earth's crust (EF)) was calculated to reveal the origin of the heavy metal (HM) pollution (natural or anthropogenic). Kriging interpolation and maps of the soil's enrichment factors were used for the characterization of the spatial HM distribution. The maximal EF was found for Cd (12.826), while smaller EF values characterized the Pb, Ni, Co, and Cu. In some districts of the studied region, the Cd, Cu, and Zn concentrations were somewhat greater, probably, due to the application of high rates of phosphorus fertilizers and intense soil cultivation. A content exceeding the critical value was recorded for Ni. Probably, this fact was related to the elevated content of this metal in the parent rocks. None of the investigated soils can be referred to the category of polluted ones.
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    Theoretical Principles of Experimental Methods for Determining the Thermal Diffusivity of Soils
    (MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER, 2010) Mikayilov, F. D.; Shein, E. V.
    Mathematical models for predicting the heat transfer in soils are used for the management of the soil thermal conditions; the development of different soil constructions; the analysis of the thermal effects related to the loosening or compaction of the surface soil layers, the sanding of peat, and the application of friable mulching materials; and the description of many other phenomena and processes. The experimental support of the development and functioning of these models is provided by the function of thermal diffusivity, which describes the thermal diffusivity as a function of the water content and can be derived using the methods based on the solution of direct and inverse problems of heat transfer. On the basis of the different boundary conditions and sine-shaped daily and annual temperature cycles, a number of equations were proposed for calculating the thermal diffusivity that contained logarithms, arctangents of amplitudes, and the phase shift between the daily temperatures at two depths. A mean-integral solution was obtained for the estimation of the average temperature in a specific soil layer. A number of methods were developed starting from the analysis of the temperature dynamics on the basis of four daily observations at the same depth with 6-hour intervals, and nomograms were given for the rapid and simple calculation of the soil thermal diffusivity at a specific depth. The developed methods can be used for assessing the soil thermal diffusivity under natural conditions, which should improve the reliability, accuracy, and adequacy and expand the application range of predictive mathematical models for the thermal regime of soils.