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    COMBINING ABILITIES OF GRAIN YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS IN RELATION TO DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN TEMPERATE MAIZE BREEDING
    (SOC FIELD CROP SCI, 2015) Erdal, Sekip; Pamukcu, Mehmet; Ozturk, Ahmet; Aydinsakir, Koksal; Soylu, Suleyman
    Temperate maize growing regions are increasingly prone to drought stress which is emerging as a primary constraint to maize productivity. Introgression of tropical sources of drought tolerance into temperate maize breeding may contribute to improving the drought tolerance of the relatively narrow temperate germplasm base that is currently in use. In the present study, seven tropical drought tolerant inbred lines and two well-adapted commercial temperate inbred lines were crossed in a half-diallel design. The 9 parents, 36 diallel hybrids and 2 commercial checks were tested in well-watered and managed water stressed conditions in Antalya, Turkey in 2013 and 2014. Significant differences were detected between genotypes for number of days to anthesis, anthesis-silking interval, plant height, thousand kernel weight, number of ears per plant, number of kernels per ear and grain yield. Tropical inbreds G1 and G5 were comparable to the adapted temperate commercial inbreds in terms of general combining ability. Specific combining ability analysis revealed that tropical x temperate hybrids had higher values compared to tropical x tropical hybrids. Yield potential of hybrid G5 x G9 in particular, a promising tropical x temperate hybrid, was significantly higher under both well watered and drought conditions. Our results suggest that tropical drought tolerant germplasm is likely to have high utility in temperate maize breeding programs.
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    Drought and oxidative stress
    (ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Sade, Bayram; Soylu, Suleyman; Yetim, Elif
    Drought, a natural stress factor has the highest percentage with 26%, when the usable areas on the earth are classified in view of stress factors. Biotic and abiotic stress factors may cause yield loss in plants and affect human and animal nutrition. Amount of lacking yield due to biotic and abiotic stress factors ranged between 65 and 87%. The best option for crop production, yield improvement and yield stability under soil moisture deficient conditions is to develop drought tolerant crop varieties (Siddique et al., 2000). A physiological approach would be the most attractive way to develop new varieties rapidly. Only few studies highlighted the importance of antioxidant enzymes during drought stress. The antioxidant defenses appear to provide crucial protection against oxidative damage in cellular membranes and organelles in plants grown under unfavorable conditions. Thus, plants are equipped with complex and a highly efficient antioxidative defense system which can respond and adapt to drought stress. This system is composed of protective nonenzymatic and enzymatic protection mechanisms. They interrupt the uncontrolled oxidation and serve to maintain the antioxidants in their reduced functional state, that efficiently scavenge ROS (reactive oxygen species) and prevent damaging effects of free radicals. Balance at aerobic metabolism is defined as free radical generation and rapid removal by antioxidant systems. The structure of cells and functional changes of systems, may be damaged by the formation of irreversible oxidative stress. Redox signalling and antioxidative defense systems are very important for protection towards uncontrolled and cascade damage of biotic and abiotic stress factors. In this review, drought, drought types and antioxidative defense system components will be discussed.
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    Interactions amongst kernel properties and expansion volume in various popcorn genotypes
    (ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2007) Soylu, Suleyman; Tekkanat, Alper
    Expansion volume, flake size, percentage of unpopped kernels, protein content, kernel size, test weight, 1000 kernel weight and sensory evaluation were determined for 12 commercial popcorn genotypes in this study. Statistically significant variations were found by ANOVA amongst the genotypes for all the variables examined. The expansion volume of popcorn genotypes varied between 18.50 cm(3) g(-1) and 35.25 cm(3) g(-1). Correlations amongst the variables as well as their direct and indirect effects on expansion volume were also calculated using the correlation and path coefficients analyses, respectively. In the examined characteristics, positive and statistically significant relationships were found between expansion volume and flake size, kernel size. Path coefficient analyses indicated that flake size (74.21%), 1000 kernel weight (39.88%), kernel size (20.56%), percentage of unpopped kernels (16.08%), protein content (6.46%) had a positive direct effect on expansion volume. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.