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    Determination of Unsaponifiable Constituents of Deodorizer Distillates by GC-MS
    (SPRINGER, 2012) Naz, Saba; Sherazi, S. T. H.; Talpur, Farah N.; Talpur, M. Younis; Kara, Huseyin
    Deodorizer distillate is an important by-product obtained during deodorization in the edible oil industries. It is a complex mixture of many health beneficial constituents like phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. In the present study a simple gas chromatographic method with mass spectrometry was used for the separation, detection and quantification of different components present in the deodorizer distillate in a very short analysis time of 18 min. A simple saponification procedure without derivatization was used for their analysis followed by GC-MS analysis. Phytosterols concentration (21.27-25.53%) was the most abundant in canola and palm distillate samples whereas, squalene and tocopherol were present in concentration ranges of 2.89-13.21% and 1.29-5.81%, respectively. The present study revealed that the unsaponifiable fraction of deodorizer distillate could be used in cosmetic preparations due to its appreciable amount of bioactive constituents.
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    Rapid Determination of Free Fatty Acid Content in Waste Deodorizer Distillates Using Single Bounce-Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR Spectroscopy
    (AOAC INT, 2012) Naz, Saba; Tufail, Saved; Sherazi, Hussain; Talpur, Farah N.; Mahesar, Sarfaraz A.; Kara, Huseyin
    A simple, rapid, economical, and environmentally friendly analytical method was developed for the quantitative assessment of free fatty acids (FFAs) present in deodorizer distillates and crude oils by single bounce-attenuated total reflectance-FTIR spectroscopy. Partial least squares was applied for the calibration model based on the peak region of the carbonyl group (C=0) from 1726 to 1664 cm(-1) associated with the FFAs. The proposed method totally avoided the use of organic solvents or costly standards and could be applied easily in the oil processing industry. The accuracy of the method was checked by comparison to a conventional standard American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS) titrimetric procedure, which provided good correlation (R = 0.99980), with an SD of 0.05%. Therefore, the proposed method could be used as an alternate to the AOCS titrimetric method for the quantitative determination of FFAs especially in deodorizer distillates.