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    Effects of Boron Supplementation on Peripartum Dairy Cows' Health
    (HUMANA PRESS INC, 2017) Basoglu, Abdullah; Baspinar, Nuri; Tenori, Leonardo; Vignoli, Alessia; Gulersoy, Erdem
    Although many different dietary studies on the prevention of negative energy balance related diseases are often encountered, this is the first study investigating the effects of boron supplementation on peripartum dairy cows' health in the light of an omics approach. Twenty-eight healthy cows (1 control and 3 experimental groups) were enrolled from 2 months before predicted calving until 2 months after calving. Experimental groups were assigned to receive boron at increasing doses as an oral bolus. Production parameters, biochemical profile, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance based metabolomics profile, and mRNA abundance of gluconeogenic enzymes and lipid oxidation genes were determined. Pivotal knowledge was obtained on boron distribution in the body. Production parameters and mRNA abundance of the genes were not affected by the treatments. Postpartum nonesterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased in experimentals. The primary differences among groups were in lipid-soluble metabolites. There were significant differences in metabolites including postpartum valine, beta-hydroxybutyrate, polyunsaturated fatty acid and citrate, propionate, isobutyrate, choline metabolites (betaine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin), and some types of fatty acids and cholesterol in experimentals. Boron appears to be effective in minimizing negative energy balance and improving health of postpartum dairy cows.
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    NMR-Based Plasma Metabolomics at Set Intervals in Newborn Dairy Calves with Severe Sepsis
    (HINDAWI LTD, 2018) Basoglu, Abdullah; Sen, Ismail; Meoni, Gaia; Tenori, Leonardo; Naseri, Amir
    The aim of this first study was to reveal the new potential biomarkers by a metabolomics approach in severe septic calves. Sepsis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn dairy calves. The main challenges with the use of biomarkers of sepsis in domestic animals are their availability, cost, and time required to obtain a result. Metabolomics may offer the potential to identify biomarkers that define calf sepsis in terms of combined clinical, physiological, and pathobiological abnormalities. To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting an NMR- (nuclear magnetic resonance-) based plasma metabolomics at set intervals in neonatal septic calves. Twenty neonatal dairy calves with severe sepsis and ten healthy calves were used. Hematological and biochemical health profiles were gathered in plasma samples at set intervals. Similarly, NMR spectra were acquired. All diseased animals (except one) died after 72 hours. Clinical and laboratory results were in accordance with those of severe septic animals. Multivariate analysis on NMR plasma spectra proved to be an excellent tool for faster identification of calves with severe sepsis from healthy animals. The NMR-based metabolomic profile may contribute to the better understanding of severe sepsis in newborn calves.
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    Plasma metabolomics in calves with acute bronchopneumonia
    (SPRINGER, 2016) Basoglu, Abdullah; Baspinar, Nuri; Tenori, Leonardo; Vignoli, Alessia; Yildiz, Ramazan
    Background Bovine respiratory disease is one of the main health issues in dairy calves. Inflammatory lung diseases are highly complex with respect to pathogenesis and relationships between inflammation, clinical disease and response to treatment. Metabolomics may offer the potential to identify biomarkers that define calf bronchopneumonia in terms of combined clinical, physiological and patho-biological abnormalities. While metabolomic studies are often encountered in childhood pneumonia, there is no knowledge related to the same approach to calf pneumonia. Objective The aim of this first study was to reveal the new potential biomarkers for acute calf bronchopneumonia by single proton (H-1) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based quantitative metabolomics. Methods Fifty dairy calves with acute bronchopneumonia presented for treatment to the teaching hospital, and ten healthy dairy calves belonging the teaching farm were used. Laboratory (hematological: complete blood count and blood gas analysis, and biochemical analysis related to health profile) were performed. NMR spectra of the all samples (50 diseased + 10 healthy water soluble extracts, 50 diseased + 10 healthy lipid extracts) were acquired using a standard Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy pulse sequence. Results NMR based metabolomics analysis showed that calves suffering from bronchopneumonia and healthy calves have two different and distinguishable metabolic fingerprints using both water soluble and lipid extracts. Alterations in metabolites, increases in 2-methyl glutarate, phenylalanine, phosphatidylcholine, and decreases in ethanol, dimethylsulfone, propionate, acetate, allantoin, free cholesterol, cholesterol (-C18), were meaningful for pathogenic mechanisms of calf bronchopneumonia. Conclusion The NMR based metabolomics may contribute to better understanding bronchopneumonia in calves.