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    Anatomic and morphometric features of the accessory infraorbital foramen
    (2011) Tezer, Murat; Öztürk, Adnan; Akgül, Muhammed Emin; Gayretli, Özcan; Kale, Ayşin
    The infra-orbital foramen (IOF), due to the infra-orbital artery, vein and nerve which pass through it, is an important anatomic landmark and its location needs to be known for the maxillofacial interventions. However, there might be an accessory branch of the infra-orbital nerve that are taken care during these interventions. This accessory nerve passes through the accessory infra-orbital foramen (AIOF). In the current study, in order to perform anatomic and morphometric analyses of AIOF, 112 skulls have been used. Appearance and frequency of AIOF, its direction with respect to IOF have been determined and distances to certain specified points have been measured by a digital caliper. It has been determined that the frequency of AIOF is 7% and often locates on the left (66.5%) and in the superomedial of IOF (93.3%). The average longest diameter of AIOF has been measured as 1.93 mm and the shortest diameter has been measured as 1.56 mm. It has been found that AIOF locates 22.18 mm away from the mid-line, 39.92 mm away from the supraorbital foramen/ the supraorbital notch, 21.95 mm away from the lower end of the nasomaxillary suture, 34.45 mm away from the lower end of the alveolar juga of the canines, 5.61 mm away from the infra-orbital margin, 3.95 mm away from IOF at the same side and 51.18 mm away from IOF at the opposite side. AIOF should be taken into consideration especially in oral and maxillofacial interventions on the left side of face.
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    A variation of the extensor hallucis longus muscle (accessory extensor digiti secundus muscle)
    (SPRINGER, 2012) Tezer, Murat; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine
    An accessory muscle adjacent to the extensor hallucis longus muscle (EHL) was observed between the EHL and the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) in the anterior side of both legs of the cadaver of a 72-year-old male, during educational dissection, and it was observed that the tendon of this muscle extended to the second toe. The tendon of this muscle united with the second toe tendon of the EDL. These common tendons appeared before reaching the toe media phalanxes and extended to the related media phalanxes of toe. However, an additional tendon separating from this accessory muscle tendon united with the EHL tendon at the left foot. This accessory muscle, unlike the variations identified to date, is considered to extend to the second toe, and the name "accessory extensor digiti secundus muscle" is offered.