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Adsorption of Cu(II) From Aqueous Solution by Using Modified Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles
(Elsevier, 2010) Özmen, Mustafa; Can, Keziban; Arslan, Gülsin; Tor, Ali; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Ersöz, Mustafa
In this study, surface modification of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) was carried out with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glutaraldehyde (GA). The obtained modified-NPs (GA-APTES-NPs) were evaluated for Cu(II) removal from water by adsorption. First, Fe3O4-NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe2+ and Fe3+ with Fe2+/Fe3+ in a ratio of 1.75 in an ammonia solution, then surface of Fe3O4-NPs was modified with APTES and GA. The morphology and properties of the NPs were examined by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and magnetization measurement. The batch experiments showed that modified-NPs can be effectively used to remove Cu(II) from water. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 15 min. The adsorption of Cu(II) by GA-APTES-NPs strongly depends on the pH of the solution. Maximum removal of Cu(II) was obtained at pH between 4.0 and 5.3. The isotherm analysis indicated that the sorption data can be represented by both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The regeneration studies also showed that GA-APTES-NPs could be re-used for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions over three cycles without change in the sorption capacity and magnetization properties.
Analytical Methods for Viable and Rapid Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Soil Samples
(INTECH EUROPE, 2011) Ozcan, Senar; Tor, Ali; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
[Abstract not Available]
Application of Liquid-Phase Microextraction to the Analysis of Trihalomethanes in Water
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Tor, Ali; Aydın, M. Emin
A liquid-phase microextraction method for the determination of tribalomethanes (THMs) including chloroform (CHCl3), bromodichloromethane (CHBrCl2), dibromochloromethane (CHBr2Cl) and bromoform (CHBr3) in water samples was developed, with analysis by gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD). After the determination of the most suitable solvent and stirring rate for the extraction, several other parameters (solvent drop volume, extraction time and ionic strength of the sample) were optimized using a factorial design to obtain the most relevant variables. The optimized extraction conditions for 5 mL of sample volume in a 10 mL vial were as follows: n-hexane an organic solvent; a solvent drop volume of 2 mu L; an extraction time of 5.0 min; a stirring rate of 600 rpm at 25 degrees C; sample ionic strength of 3 M sodium chloride. The linear range was 1-75 mu g L-1 for the studied THMs. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.23 mu g L-1 (for CHBr2Cl) to 0.45 mu g L-1 (for CHCl3). Recoveries of THMs from fortified distilled water were over 70% for a fortification level of 15 mu g L-1, and relative standard deviations of the recoveries were below 5%. Real samples collected from tap water and well water were successfully analyzed using the proposed method. The recovery of spiked water samples was from 73% to 78% with relative standard deviations below 7%.
Application of miniaturised ultrasonic extraction to the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2009) Ozcan, Senar; Tor, Ali; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
A miniaturised ultrasonic extraction procedure was developed for the determination of different organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil by gas chromatography (GC/mu-ECD). For an acetone-petroleum ether (1/1, v/v) as the extractor and a 5-min sonication, parameters such as sample amount, solvent volume and number of extraction steps were optimized by usinga 23 factorial experimental design. Limits of detection ranged from 0.02 to 1.34 mu g kg(-1). The developed procedure was applied to three different real soil samples with different fortification levels (25, 50 and 100 mu g kg(-1)) and recoveries were estimated in the 82-106% range with relative standard deviations lower than 15%. Performance of the procedure was compared with those involving traditional shaking flask, Soxhlet extraction and large-scale ultrasonic extraction. The proposed procedure requires small volumes of solvent and sample. It is viable, rapid and easy to use for analysis of OCPs in soils. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Application of ultrasound-assisted emulsification-micro-extraction for the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in waters
(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2009) Ozcan, Senar; Tor, Ali; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
Ultrasound-assisted emulsification-micro-extraction (USAEME) procedure was developed for the determination of different organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water samples by gas chromatography with mu-electron capture detection (GC-mu ECD). After the determination of the most suitable extraction solvent and its volume, parameters such as extraction time, centrifugation time and ionic strength of the sample were optimized by using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. For 10 mL of water sample, the optimized USAEME procedure used 200 mu L of chloroform as extraction solvent, 15 min of extraction without ionic strength adjustment at 25 degrees C and S min of centrifugation at 4000 rpm. Limits of detection ranged from 0.002 to 0.016 mu g L-1. Mean recoveries of OCPs from fortified water samples are over 96% for three different fortification levels between 0.5 and 5 mu g L-1 and relative standard deviations of the recoveries are below 9%. The developed procedure was successfully applied for real water samples (i.e., tap water, well water, surface (lake) water, domestic and industrial wastewater). Performance of the procedure was compared with those involving traditional liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. The result demonstrates that the USAEME procedure is viable, rapid and easy to use for analysis of OCPs in water samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Arsenic(V) removal from underground water by magnetic nanoparticles synthesized from waste red mud
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Akın, İlker; Arslan, Gülsin; Tor, Ali; Ersöz, Mustafa; Cengeloğlu, Yunus
In this study waste red mud (bauxite residue) sample obtained from Seydisehir (Konya, Turkey) was evaluated for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) in ammonia solution that can be used to remove As(V) from both synthetic and natural underground water samples. The synthesized Fe3O4-NPs were characterized by using TEM, VSM, XRD, SAXS,TGA and FT-IR spectroscopy. The Fe3O4-NPs assumed a near-sphere shape with an average size of 9 nm. The results showed that synthesized Fe3O4-NP5 from waste red mud have satisfactory magnetic properties and As(V) sorption capacity, especially at low equilibrium arsenate concentrations. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved,
Atık su ortamında bazı organik kirleticilerin tayini
(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004-03-25) Tor, Ali; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Aydın, Mehmet Emin
Bu çalışmada, atık su ortamındaki poliklorhı bifenil (PCB), poliaromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) ve klorlu fenol (CP) bileşiklerinin kromatografîk teknikler ile tayini için metot optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, atık su ortamındaki PCB ve PAH büeşiklerinin tayini için sırası ile, hedef bileşiklerin ekstraksiyonu, ekstrakt temizleme/bileşik gruplarının fiaksiyonlara ayrılması ve GC analizi basamaklarından oluşan bir metot taslağı hazırlanmıştır. Optimizasyon çalışmalarında, metodun hçr bir basamağı bireysel olarak incelendikten sonra hedef bileşiklerin geri kazanım (RF) değerleri bakımından en uygun basamaklar birleştirilerek optimum metot oluşturulmuştur. n Optimize edilmiş metodun farklı konsantrasyonlarda hedef bileşik ilave edilmiş saf su [n ~ 3] ve atık su fn = 4] numuneleri üzerinde test edilmesi sonucu PCB ve PAH bileşikleri için elde edilen geri kazanım değerleri ve metodun tekrarlanabilirliği sırası ile RF > % 80 ve RSD < % 10 olarak tespit edilmiştir. PCB ve PAH bileşiklerinin kalitatif ve kantitatif analizleri için sırası ile GC-ECD, GC-FTD ve GC-MS sistemleri kullamlmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında da benzer yol izlenerek atık suda bulunan CP bileşiklerinin tayini için metot optimizasyonu yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu aşamada optimize edilen metot sırası ile, sıvı-srvı esktraksiyonu, derivatizasyon, ekstrakt temizleme/fenol türevterinin toplanması ve GC analizi basamaklarından oluşmuştur. Metodun atık su üzerinde denenmesi [n - 3] ile CP bileşikleri için elde edilen geri kazanım değerleri (RF) > % 80 ve metodun tekrarlanabilirliği (RSD) < %10 olarak tespit edilmiştir. CP büeşMerinin kalitatif ve kantitatif tayini için GC-ECD sistemi kııiHamîmıştır. Çalışmanın son aşamasında, PCB, PAH ve CP bileşiklerinin aynı organik faza alınması halinde söz konusu bileşiklerin GC analizi öncesi farklı fraksiyonlara ayrılma potansiyeli incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla kullanılacak organik çözücü miktarının, CP bileşiklerinin tayini için çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında optimize edilen metotta kullanılan çözücü miktarından yaklaşık olarak iki kat daha fazla olduğu görülmüş ve söz konusu işlemin kullanılacak çözücü miktarı bakımından ekonomik olmayacağı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, RF ve RSD değerlerine göre, optimize edilen metotların atık su ve yüzeysel su numunelerindeki PCB, PAH ve CP bileşiklerinin tayini için kullanılabileceği anlaşılmıştır.
Chromatographic Separation and Analytic Procedure for Priority Organic Pollutants in Urban Air
(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2008) Ozcan, Senar; Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Tor, Ali
A separation procedure was developed for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in urban air, while simultaneously eliminating the interfering compounds. This was carried out by optimization of a column chromatograph with regard to the eluent type (n-hexane and n-pentane), volume of eluent, type of sorbent material (silica gel and florisil) and activation level of the sorbent material. The determination of the level of PCBs and PAHs was carried out using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD), while determination of the OCPs was carried out by GC equipped with an electron capture detector (mu-ECD). The use of a silica gel column (10 g, 5% deactivated with H(2)O) with 70 mL of n-hexane gave satisfactory separation of PCBs from PAHs and OCPs. After collecting the PCBs with 70 mL of n-hexane, 3 . 20 mL of n-hexane:ethyl acetate, (1:1, v:v) was adequate for elution of the PAHs and OCPs from the column. The primary aim of this study was to develop a multimethod for analyses of PCBs, PAHs, and OCPs in urban air as well as reducing solvent and sorbent consumption and analysis time during the clean-up procedure compared to the US EPA standard methods (EPA methods TO-13A for PAHs and TO-4A for both PCBs and OCPS).
Coagulation, flocculation and chemical precipitation
(IWA PUBLISHING, 2012) Aydin, Mehmet Emin; Lazarova, Zdravka; Tor, Ali; Ozcan, Senar
[Abstract not Available]
Determination of Chlorobenzenes in Water by Drop-Based Liquid-Phase Microextraction and Gas Chromatography-Electron Capture Detection
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Tor, Ali
A drop-based liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) method was described for the determination of chlorobenzenes including chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene and 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene in 5 ml of water. The method used 2 mu l of n-hexane as extraction solvent, 5 min extraction time, a stirring rate of 600 rpm and sample ionic strength of 3 M maintained with sodium chloride at 25 degrees C (ambient temperature). The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.004 mu g l(-1) (for 1,3-dichlorobenzene) to 0.008 mu g l(-1) (for monochlorobenzene). The dynamic linear range for all investigated chlorobenzenes was 1-50 mu g l(-1). Recoveries of chlorobenzenes from fortified distilled water are over 90% for three different fortification levels (5, 15 and 45 mu g l(-1)) and relative standard deviations of the recoveries are below 6%. Analysis of fortified (5 mu g l(-1)) real water samples revealed that matrices had no adverse effect on extraction efficiency of proposed method. The recovery of fortified real water samples was from 90 to 94% with relative standard deviations below 6%.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil by Miniaturized Ultrasonic Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Selective Detection
(WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH, 2009) Ozcan, Senar; Tor, Ali; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
A miniaturized ultrasonic extraction procedure was developed for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After determination of the most suitable extraction solvent with 5 min sonication time, several other parameters (sample amount, solvent volume and number of extraction times) were optimized using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. Recoveries of PAHs from spiked soil samples were over 90% for three different fortification levels between 50 and 300 mu g/kg, and relative standard deviations of the recoveries were in the range of < 1 - 15%. The limits of detection ranged from 0.002 to 1.87 mu g/kg. The performance of the developed procedure was also compared with other traditional Soxhlet, shake flask and large scale ultrasonic extraction procedures on real soil samples, and extraction methods showed comparable efficiencies. The proposed procedure required small volumes of solvent and sample. It was practicable, rapid and easy to use for analysis of PAHs in soils.
Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Waters by Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification-Microextraction and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2010) Özcan, Senar; Tor, Ali; Aydın, Mehmet Emin
An ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) procedure was developed for the extraction of US EPA 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 10 mL of water samples, with subsequent determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After determination of the most suitable solvent and solvent volume, several other parameters (i.e., extraction time, centrifugation time and ionic strength of the sample) were optimized using a 2(3) factorial experimental design. Limits of detection ranged from 0.001 to 0.036 mu g L-1. The developed procedure was applied to fortified distilled water with different fortification levels (0.5, 2 and 5 mu g L-1). Recoveries were over 92% and relative standard deviations of the recoveries were below 8%. The efficiency of the USAEME was compared with traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction on real water samples (i.e., tap water, well water and surface (lake) water as well as domestic and industrial wastewaters). The USAEME showed comparable efficiencies especially with LLE. The developed USAEME was demonstrated to be robust, viable, simple, rapid and easy to use for the determination of PAHs in water samples by GC-MS.
Determination of Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil by Miniaturised Ultrasonic Solvent Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass-Selective Detection
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Aydın, Mehmet Emin; Tor, Ali; Özcan, Senar
Miniaturised ultrasonic solvent extraction procedure was developed for the determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil samples by gas chromatography-mass-selective detection by using 2(3) factorial experimental design. Recoveries of PCBs from fortified soil samples are over 90% for three different fortification levels between 40 and 120 mu g kg(-1), and relative standard deviations of the recoveries are below 7%. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.003 to 0.006 mu g kg(-1). The performance of the proposed method was compared to traditional shake flask extraction method on the spiked real soil sample and extraction methods showed comparable efficiencies. Proposed miniaturised ultrasonic solvent extraction offers several advantages, i.e., reducing sample requirement for measurement of target compound, less solvent consumption and reducing the costs associated with solvent purchase and waste disposal.
Determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples by ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction and gas chromatography-mass-selective detection
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2009) Ozcan, Senar; Tor, Ali; Aydin, Mehmet Emin
Ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) procedure was developed for the determination of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in 10mL of water samples by gas chromatography-mass-selective detection. After determination of the most suitable solvent and extraction time, several other parameters including solvent volume, centrifugation time and ionic strength of the sample were optimized using a 23 factorial experimental design. The optimized USAEME procedure used 200 mu L of chloroform as extraction solvent, 10 min of extraction with no ionic strength adjustment at 25 degrees C and 5 min of centrifugation at 4000 rpm. The limits of detection ranged from 14 ng L(-1) (for PCB153) to 30 ng L(-1) (for PCB101). Recoveries of PCBs from fortified distilled water are over 80% for three different fortification levels between 0.1 and 5 mu g L(-1) and relative standard deviations of the recoveries are below 10%. The performance of the proposed method was compared with those involving traditional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) on the real water samples (i.e., tap and well water as well as domestic and industrial wastewaters, etc.) and comparable efficiencies were obtained. The proposed USAEME procedure has been demonstrated to be viable, simple, rapid and easy to use for residue analysis of PCBs in water samples. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Effect of Accompanying Anion and the Competitive Transport of Ni(Ii) and Fe(Iii) Through Polysulfone Membranes
(Marcel Dekker Inc, 2003) Kır, Esengül; Tor, Ali; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Ersöz, Mustafa
The effect accompanying anion on the transport of Ni2+ and competitive transport of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ions through charged polysulfone or polysulfone polyester-supported cation exchange membranes was studied under Donnan dialysis conditions. In the Donnan dialysis process, two electrolyte solutions were separated by ion permeable membrane, the one side (feed solution) initially containing metal salts or their mixtures, the other is HCl and no external potential field is applied. The transport of metal ions through membranes was correlated with the efficiency factor (EF) values as well as with fluxes and depended on the interaction between the fixed groups in the membrane and the metal ions. The EF value of Ni2+ as a single as well as mixture state was higher than that of Fe3+ for both types of membranes. The effect of accompanying anion on the transport of Ni2+ was found to be in the following order of Cl- > NO3- > SO4-2, and the results were correlated with the EF values, as well as with the membrane structure.
Electrodialytic removal of fluoride from water: Effects of process parameters and accompanying anions
(ELSEVIER, 2008) Ergun, Erdem; Tor, Ali; Cengeloglu, Yunus; Kocak, Izzet
The removal of fluoride from water by using electrodialysis with SB-6407 anion exchange membrane was tested at different current densities. After the determination of the optimum pH of feed phase under Donnan dialysis condition which gave the maximum transport of fluoride, the effect of mono- and bi-valent ions, such as chloride and sulphate, in the feed phase on the removal was investigated by electrodialysis. The transport of fluoride was also correlated with the flux data and explained according to structure of membrane. It was found that the removal of fluoride was higher in the absence of mono- and bi-valent ions. The reducing effect of sulphate ions on the transport of fluoride was higher than that of chloride ions, which was explained by considering interaction of both chloride and sulphate ions with the ionic group in the membrane and activity coefficient of fluoride in the presence of mono- and bi-valent ion set. Moreover, transport of fluoride increased with increasing current density and feed phase concentration. As the driving ion, the chloride ion is more efficient than the sulfate ion. Application of electrodialysis was carried out on the real water containing 20.6 mg/L of fluoride. Despite the presence of chloride and sulphate in real water sample, fluoride concentration could be reduced to 0.8 mg/L (96% removal), which was lower than World Health Organization (WHO) standard (1.5 mg/L. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Facilitated transport of Cr(III) through activated composite membrane containing di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as carrier agent
(ELSEVIER, 2009) Arslan, Gülşin; Tor, Ali; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Ersöz, Mustafa
The facilitated transport of chromium(III) through activated composite membrane (ACM) containing di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (DEHPA) was investigated. DEHPA was immobilised by interfacial polymerisation on polysulfone layer which was deposited on non-woven fabric by using spin coater. Then. ACM was characterised by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Initially, batch experiments of liquid-liquid distribution of Cr(III) and the extractant (DEHPA) were carried out to determine the appropriate pH of the feed phase and the results showed that maximum extraction of Cr(III) was achieved at a pH of 4. It Was also found that Cr(III) and DEHPA reacted in 1/1 molar ratio. The effects of Cr(III) (in feed phase), HCl (in stripping phase) and DEHPA (in ACM) concentrations were investigated. DEHPA concentration varies from 0.1 to 1.0M and it was determined that the transport of Cr(III) increased with the carrier concentration LIP to 0.8 M. It was also observed that the transport of Cr(III) through the ACM tended to increase with Cr(III) and HCl concentrations. The stability of ACM was also confirmed with replicate experiments. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Facilitated transport of Cr(III) through polymer inclusion membrane with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA)
(ELSEVIER, 2009) Tor, Ali; Arslan, Gülşin; Muslu, Harun; Çeliktaş, Ahmet; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Ersöz, Mustafa
In this study, transport of Cr(III) through polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) with di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHPA) as carrier was reported. First, PIM was characterized by using FTIR and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques and contact angle measurements. Then, the effects of Cr(III) (in feed phase), HCI (in stripping phase) and DEHPA (in membrane) concentrations on the transport were investigated. DEHPA concentration varies from 0.25 to 0.5 M and it was determined that the transport of Cr(III) increased with the carrier concentration up to 0.4 M. It was also observed that the transport of Cr(III) through the PIM tended to increase with Cr(III) and HCI concentrations. According to the competitive transport of Cr(III), Cu(II) and Ni(II) through the PIM, the transport selectivity order was found as Cr(III)approximate to Cu(II)>Ni(II). The result from the transport of Cr(III) mixed with Cr(VI) also showed that flux of Cr(III)was not influenced by the presence of Cr(VI) in feed phase and no Cr(VI) transport through the PIM was determined. PIM had lower experimental Cr(III) flux than those of supported liquid membrane (SLM) and activated composite membrane (ACM) under the same experimental conditions. However, long-term stability of PIM and small difference between normalized flux for PIM and experimental SLM flux indicated that PIM could replace SLM for practical applications. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Facilitated transport of Cr(VI) through a novel activated composite membrane containing Cyanex 923 as a carrier
(ELSEVIER, 2009) Arslan, Gülşin; Tor, Ali; Muslu, Harun; Özmen, Mustafa; Akın, İlker; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Ersöz, Mustafa
This paper describes the facilitated transport of Cr(VI) through a novel Activated Composite Membrane (ACM) containing Cyanex 923 as a carrier. The ACM was prepared by immobilization of the Cyanex 923 on a polysulfone support by means of interfacial polymerisation. The prepared ACM was characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques and contact angle measurements. The effect of feed phase composition, carrier concentration of the casting solution and stripping phase composition on the transport of Cr(VI) was investigated. When the feed phase contained 1 X 10(-3) M Cr(VI) at pH 1.0, 99% of Cr(VI) was transported through the ACM (prepared with 3% carrier solution) by using 1 M NaOH as a stripping phase. Furthermore, Cr(VI) was preferably transported in the presence of various metal ions (i.e., Cr(III), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Co(II), etc.) and sulphate and nitrate ions had no negative effect on the transport of Cr(VI). The results also showed that transport efficiency of the ACM was reproducible and it could be efficiently used in the long-term separation processes instead of supported liquid membrane (SLM). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Increasing the phenol adsorption capacity of neutralized red mud by application of acid activation procedure
(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2009) Tor, Ali; Çengeloğlu, Yunus; Ersöz, Mustafa
The objective Of this Study was to investigate the removal of phenol from aqueous solution by using acid activated red mud in batch adsorption experiments. The Study was carried out as functions of pH, contact time, activated red mud dosage and initial phenol concentration. It was found that the maximum removal was obtained at pH below 8 and the adsorption equilibrium time was 10 h. Adsorption was followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model. According to the coefficient of determination and non-linear regression analysis carried Out by Chi-square test, the Langmuir isotherm better represented the adsorption data in comparison to the Freundlich isotherm. The phenol adsorption capacity of the activated red mud (8.156 mg/g) was found to be higher than that of the neutralized red mud (4.127 mg/g) at pH 6 and 25 +/- 1 degrees C. Negative Delta G(0) value (-22.692 kJ/mol) indicated that the adsorption of phenol onto the activated red Mud was spontaneous and feasible process.

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