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Öğe Beneficial Effects of Levosimendan on Cerebral Vasospasm Induced by Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: An Experimental Study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Cengiz, Şahika Liva; Erdi, Mehmet Fatih; Tosun, Murat; Atalık, Esra; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Sönmez, Fatma Cavide; Mehmetoğlu, İdris; Baysefer, AlperBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of levosimendan to prevent cerebral vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Animals and methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into three groups randomly. SAH was induced by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna. (Group 1 = control: sham surgery group, Group 2 = SAH alone group, Group 3 = SAH plus levosimendan group). Histopathological examination was performed on day 3 as described. Intravenous levosimendan dose (initially 12 mu g kg(-1) infusion, continuously for at least 10 minutes and then continued with a dose of 0.2 mu g kg(-1) min(-1)) treatment was started after the induction of SAH. Three days later, the animals were sacrificed. Results: In pathological investigation; there was statistically significant difference in luminal area and muscular wall thickness of the basilar artery between all groups (p < 0.005). Malondialdehyde level was also found significantly low in the levosimendan group compared with the SAH group. Conclusion: Intravenous levosimendan treatment was found effective by increasing the pathological luminal area and reducing muscular wall thickness measurements. This is the first study to show that intravenous administration of levosimendan is effective in preventing cerebral vasospasm induced by SAH in rabbits.Öğe Effect of Antioxidant Therapy on Collagen Synthesis in Corrosive Esophageal Burns(Springer, 2002) Günel, Engin; Çağlayan, Fatma; Çağlayan, Osman; Canbilen, Aydan; Tosun, MuratTo investigate the efficacy of antioxidant therapy on collagen synthesis in corrosive esophageal burns, 110 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups of 22 animals each. A standard esophageal caustic burn was produced by 1 ml of 10% sodium hydroxide solution for the rats in groups B to E, group A was instilled only with 0.9% saline after preparation of the distal esophageal segment. Group A animals (controls) were uninjured and untreated. Group B had untreated esophageal burns. Esophageal burns were treated in group C with vitamin E (10 mg/kg IM), in group D with vitamin C (10 mg/kg IP), and in group E with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg IM) on each of 5 days. Eight rats from each group were killed 4 days after initiation of the study and the abdominal esophagus was studied for tissue malondialdehyde (MDA; mumol/g protein) levels. The other rats were killed 28 days after initiation of the study and determination of hydroxyproline (HP) (mug/g tissue) levels in esophageal tissue was performed for 8 rats in each group. Histopathologic evaluation was also performed in the other 6 rats from each group. MDA levels in esophageal tissue were significantly lower in groups C (9.24 +/- 2.62, P < 0.01) and group E (6.26 +/- 2.22, P < 0.001) than in group B (12.35 +/- 1.80). HP levels were significantly lower in groups A (0.75 +/- 0.2 1, P < 0.001), C (1.11 +/- 0.15, P < 0.01), and E (0.96 +/- 0.15, P < 0.001) than in group B (1.40 +/- 0.20). Histopathologically, collagen deposition in the submucosa and tunica muscularis was lower in groups C and E than in group B (P < 0.05, and 0.01, respectively). Our results demonstrate that treatment with antioxidant drugs such as vitamin E and methylprednisolone decreased tissue HP levels, and thus inhibited new collagen synthesis and stricture formation in rats with alkali-induced caustic esophageal burns.Öğe The effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the apoptotic index in the peritoneum(HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS INC, 2007) Tosun, Murat; Samli, Hale; Arikan, Yueksel; Solak, Mustafa; Sahin, Ali; Soeylemez, Zafer; Kalkan, SerpilDuring laparoscopic surgery, gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), helium, or normal air are insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity so the surgeon can obtain a clear surgical field; however, this insufflation technique may cause injury to the intra-abdominal organs. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of different pressures of CO2 on the apoptotic index in the peritoneum during laparoscopic surgery. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were used in the study. CO2 was insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity via an angiocatheter cannula by an insufflator at pressures of 10 and 20 mm Hg over 60 min. In the control group, the cannula was inserted into the intra-abdominal cavity, but no gas was insufflated. After 60 min, the rats were killed; peritoneum was harvested from the abdominal wall and was cultured in the cell culture laboratory. Apoptotic and living cells were detected immunohistochemically, and the apoptotic index was calculated and statistically analyzed. The data collected revealed that the apoptotic index increases in proportion to the level of CO2 pressure. CO2 pneumoperitoneum is a very useful technique. Gas pressure must be carefully set during the operation, however, or injured mesothelial cells may cause serious malfunction.Öğe Hücre Çoğalma Belirleyicilerinin Önemi ve Kullanım Alanları(2001) Tosun, Murat; Tosun, Emine; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihatİçinde hücre çoğalma belirleyicilerinin de bulunduğu immunohistokimyasal yöntemlerin sayısal artışı ve çeşitlilik kazanması bize sadece tanısal yaklaşımları güçlendirme yanında prognostik özelliklerin tanınmasında da yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu hücre çoğalma belirleyicileri hücre siklusunun incelenip değerlendirilmesi yanında bu hücrelerden köken alan tümörlerin davranışları hakkında bilgi edinilmesi amacıyla da kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemede, öncelikle hücre, hücre siklusu ve mitoz bölünme kısaca izah edilmiş olup ilerleyen bölümlerde günümüzde bilinen tüm hücre çoğalma belirleyicileri tek tek son kaynaklar eşliğinde açıklanmıştır.Öğe I?nsan Erkek Gonadlarının Fetal Dönemdeki Gelişiminin Histolojik Değerlendirilmesi(2001) Tosun, Murat; Büyükmumcu, Mustafa; Aktan, Murad; Duman, Selçuk; Kalkan, Serpil; Soylu, RefikAmaç: Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Histoloji Embriyoloji Anabilim Dalında yapılan bu çalışmada fetal dönemde erkek gonadlarının gelişiminin izlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyel ve Metod: Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalında spontan düşük yoluyla elde edilmiş 26 adet erkek fetüs piyesinin gonadları çıkartıldıktan sonra klasik parafin tekniği ile takip edilip bloklandı. Her blokdan 5 m kalınlığında kesitler alınıp Hematoksilen Eosin ile boyandı. Kesitler ışık mikroskobunda değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Seminifer tübüllerin fetal gelişim sürecinde ilk haftalarda çok değişik çap ve büyüklüklerde olduğu ancak ilerleyen haftalarda benzer yapısal özellikler gösterdiği görüldü. Seminifer tübüller içinde yer alan spermatogoniaların ve Sertoli hücrelerinin sayılarının giderek arttığı, bununla birlikte, Leydig hücre sayısının 19. haftaya kadar arttığı ve bu dönemden sonra azaldıkları tespit edildi. Seminifer tübül lümeninin 19. hafta civarına kadar mevcut olmadığı, interstisiyel dokunun yani ekstrakordal bölümün ilerleyen yaşa bağlı olarak daha düzenli ve organize bir yapı aldıkları tespit edildi. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular gonadların intraembriyonik gelişimlerinin çok kompleks ve bununla birlikte sistematik bir düzen içinde gerçekleştiğini ortaya koymaktadır.Öğe I?ntrauterin Dönemde Dişi ve Erkek Gonadal Yapıların Gelişimine Etkin Olan Faktörler(2000) Tosun, Murat; Aktan, Murad; Duman, Selçuk; Erdoğan, Ender; Taşkapu, Hakanİnsanlarda dişi ve erkek gonadların intrauterin dönemdeki gelişimini birçok faktör doğrudan veya dolaylı yoldan etkilemektedir. Bunların içinde en önemli olanları başta genetik olmak üzere endokrinolojik ve çevresel faktörlerdir. Genetik faktörler içinde H-Y antijeni, WT-1 geni, Sry geni gibi çok önemli genler bulunurken; endokrinolojik faktörler içinde cinsiyet farklılaşmasında çok öneme sahip Anti Müllerian Hormon (AMHMüllerian Inhibiting SubstanceMIS)’un yanında Follikül Stimulan Hormon (FSH), Luteinizan Hormon (LH) ve Serotonin yer almaktadır. Bunların dışında Fibroblast Growth Faktör (FGF), Aromataz, Aktivin, İyonize radyasyon ve Mitomisin C gibi değişik çevresel ve kimyasal faktörler de gonadal gelişimi etkilemektedir. Bu veriler bize gonadların intrauterin gelişiminin oldukça kompleks olduğunu ve sayısız faktörün bu gelişimi doğrudan veya dolaylı yoldan olumlu veya olumsuz yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır.Öğe Morphologic and quantitative analyses of leukocytes in patients with multiple system trauma(HEALTH COMMUNICATIONS INC, 2007) Cander, Basar; Tosun, Murat; Kalkan, ErdalMultiple system trauma can occur in accidents, natural disasters, and deliberate attacks, and vital areas of the body, such as the head, chest, and abdomen, may be affected. Investigators in the present study sought to examine morphologic and morphometric alterations of leukocyte responses in patients with multiple trauma during the first 4 h after a traumatic event. Venous blood samples were drawn from 51 patients, 30 male and 21 female, aged 16 to 59 y. The number of leukocytes increased significantly in all patients, but no significant differences were noted between the male and female groups. Complete blood counts revealed normal ratios of leukocyte types. It is suggested that in patients who have experienced multiple trauma, aggressive antibiotic therapy should be initiated to prevent posttraumatic infection and to protect against secondary organ failure.Öğe Özofagus’un gelişiminin 17 ile 32 haftalar arasındaki fetuslerde histomorfolojik olarak değerlendirilmesi(2005) Tuncer, Işık; Tosun, Murat; Kalkan, Serpil; Soylu, RefikAmaç: Gastrointestinal sistemin embriyonik dönemde gelişimi oldukça kompleks ve sistematik bir tarzda ilerler. Bu çalışmanın amacı insan özofagus’unun fetal dönemde 17-32 haftalar arasında gelişiminin histolojik olarak incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada Selçuk Üniversitesi Meram Tıp Fakültesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalında bulunan ve spontan düşük sonucu elde edilmiş ve etik olarak piyes haline getirilmiş insan fetüslerinden gebelik haftası 17 ila 32 arasında değişen 20 tanesi seçildi. Bu fetüslerden alınan özofagusa ait doku parçaları rutin histolojik doku takibi metodları ile takip edilip parafine gömüldü ve Hematoksilen-Eosin ile boyanıp ışık mikroskobunda incelendi. Bulgular: 17-20 haftalar arasında özofagus histolojik yapısının henüz oldukça zayıf organizasyon gösterdiği, 21. haftada organizasyonun daha hızlandığı ve 27. haftada özofagus’un normal histolojik bileşenlerinin büyük kısmının genel anlamda yerleştiğini belirledik. Sonuç: Özofagus’un fetal dönemde gelişimi 21. hafta civarında hızlanmakta ve 27. hafta civarında genel anlamda tüm histolojik yapılar organize olmaktadırÖğe p53 expression and apoptosis in liver and spleen during CO2 pneumoperitoneum(SPRINGER, 2008) Arikan, Yueksel; Tosun, Murat; Saykol, Volkan; Kalkan, Serpil; Erdem, SerpilBackgrounds and aims Laparoscopic surgery techniques have been increasingly preferred to classic laparotomy by surgeons since 1987. However, this method has some important adverse effects on intra-abdominal organs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of different pressures of CO2 on apoptosis and p53 expression in cells in liver and spleen. Methods In total, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the study. CO2 was insufflated into the intra-abdominal cavity via angiocatheter cannule by an insufflator in two different pressures of 10 and 20 mm Hg for 60 min. However, in the control group, only cannule was inserted into the intra-abdominal cavity, but no gas was insufflated. After 60 min, the rats were killed and laparotomy was applied. The liver and spleen were excised. The samples were histologically processed and immunohistochemistry was applied. Results All the data revealed that the number of apoptotic cells in liver and spleen increases in proportion to CO2 pressure level. No p53 expression was detected in both organs. Conclusion CO2 pressure level and application time may affect on cells living in liver and spleen. High pressure and/or long application time may cause releasing of cytokines and superoxide radicals from these organs' cells, and transient or serious organ dysfunctions may occur.Öğe P53 expression between 13-27 weeks old human male fetus gonads(SPRINGER, 2007) Tosun, Murat; Tosun, Emine; Kalkan, Serpil; Avunduk, Mustafa CihatP53 is a tumor suppressor gene and a critical component of cellular mechanisms that respond to genotoxic stresses. During normal fetal development, some of these cells lose their genomic stability because of intensive cell proliferation. They arrest cell cycle progression and repair genomic stability by p53 induction or die via apoptosis. If p53 is overexpressed, some structures may have different abnormalities. This study was conducted to investigate normal p53 expression in human male gonads during second trimester. Twenty one normal human male fetuses' testes in 2nd trimester were processed and immunohistochemistry was applied. The spermatogonia with nuclear and perinuclear staining, were accepted as p53 (+). The number of p53 (+) spermatogonia was counted in randomly 10 different seminiferous tubules. The results suggest that p53 expression in gonads of human male fetuses significantly increases in the 20th week.Öğe The role of intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm induced by subarachnoid haemorrhage: An experimental study(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2011) Cengiz, Sahika Liva; Erdi, Mehmet Fatih; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Tosun, Murat; Ustun, Mehmet Erkan; Gokce, Recep; Yosunkaya, AlperObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine whether intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) prevents cerebral vasospasm in rabbits with induced subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The effect of IVIG on apoptosis in the endothelial cells of the basilar artery was also evaluated. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were allocated randomly into three groups. SAH was induced by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Group 1, the control group, was subjected to sham surgery (no induction of SAH). Group 2 had SAH alone and Group 3 had SAH plus IVIG. Three days after treatment, the animals were sacrificed. The basilar artery tissues were analysed histologically and the malondialdehyde levels in the brain stem tissues were evaluated biochemically. Results: Differences in the histopathological luminal areas and full wall thicknesses in the SAH plus IVIG group and the SAH group were statically insignificant (p > 0.005). The malondialdehyde level was also found to be lower in the IVIG group than in the SAH group, although this difference was not significant (p > 0.005). Conclusion: Although the IVIG treatment was revealed to have no vasodilator effect on the SAH-induced spastic basilar artery, it was shown to have a beneficial effect on the apoptosis of endothelial cells, probably via anti-inflammatory mechanisms.Öğe Topical Effects of Nebivolol on Wounds in Diabetic Rats(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2012) Gülcan, Erim; Küçük, Ayşegül; Çaycı, Kasım; Tosun, Murat; Emre, Habib; Koral, Lokman; Aktan, Yasemin; Avşar, ÜmitObjective: Recently, it has reported that nebivolol might be useful in the treatment of diabetes mellitus foot ulcers. The aim of this study was to examine treatment of the wounds in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with topical nebivolol. Methods: Two 15 x 15 mm-sized wounds were created in 56 streptozotocin-induced rats. A total of 56 diabetic wounds were studied in eight groups (n = 7). No treatment was administered to the first and second groups. The third and fourth groups consisted of diabetic rats that were administered 1:1 mixture of lanolin and vaseline for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Five percent nebivolol plus 1:1 mixture of lanolin and vaseline was administered to rats in the fifth and sixth groups for 7 and 14 days, respectively, and 10% nebivolol plus 1:1 mixture of lanolin and vaseline was administered to rats in the seventh and eighth groups for 7 and 14 days, respectively. On days 7 and 14, wound healing was observed, and the percent of wound healing was determined by measuring its size and histopathologic examination. The ratio was calculated by the formula, healing ratio (%) = 100 x (1-wound area/initial wound area). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA with Tukey's HSD test and Mann-Whitney U test, using SPSS 15.0 software. Results: On days 7 and 14, rates of wound healing in the fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth groups were 57.42%, 89.16%, 60.80%, and 91.80%, respectively. Multiple comparison showed that rates of wound healing were significantly higher in rats administered 5% and 10% nebivolol than those in rats administered a mixture of lanolin and vaseline and in the untreated group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Topical nebivolol therapy may be useful for wound healing in diabetic rats. Further studies are needed to support these data.
