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Öğe BORON IN PLANT(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2009) Tulukcu, Eray; Kocak, RaziyeBoron is a micronutrient required for all plant nutrition. The main functions of boron relate to cell wall strength and development division, fruit and seed development, glucose transport and hormone. Boron (B) is required for all plant growth. Adequate B nutrition is critical for high yields and qulity of crops. Deficiencies of B result in many anatomical, biochemical, physiological changes in plants. The B requirement is much higher for reproductive growth than for vegetative growth in most plant species. Boron increases flower production and retention pollen tube elongation and germination, and seed and fruit developmentÖğe Changes in the fatty acid compositions and bioactivities of clary sage seeds depending on harvest year(ELSEVIER, 2012) Tulukcu, Eray; Yalcin, Hasan; Ozturk, Ismet; Sagdic, OsmanThe aim of this work was to study the fatty acid composition and proximate analysis, including total proteins, dry matter, total phenol levels, antioxidants and antiradical activities of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L) seeds harvested in five consecutive years, from 2006 to 2010. Firstly, the dry matter, oil, protein and fatty acid composition of the clary sage seeds were determined. The dry matter, oil and protein content of the clary sage seed samples varied between 97.64 and 98.35, 23.83 and 29.34, and 21.97 and 22.96%, respectively. Secondly, the fatty acid compositions in the oil and the bioactive properties in the extract were investigated. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant fatty acids in the clary sage. The alpha-linolenic, oleic and linoleic acid contents of the sage oils changed from 50.04 to 53.69%; 20.10 to 22.97%; 15.54 to 18.06%, respectively according to year. The total phenolic content, antioxidant and antiradical activities of the sage seeds were determined in the range of 7.71-13.21 mg GAE/g dry extract, 50.45-74.04 (mg AAE/g dry extract) and 13.14-21.21% respectively. Each of the investigated parameters of the sage seeds was significantly affected by the harvesting year. Consequently, clary sage seeds are rich in fatty acids and contained high levels of antioxidant and antiradical activities making them ideal for use as nutraceuticals. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Chemical Fingerprinting of Seeds of Some Salvia Species in Turkey by Using GC-MS and FTIR(MDPI, 2019) Tulukcu, Eray; Cebi, Nur; Sagdic, OsmanSix species of Salvia seeds cultivated and grown in Cumra/Konya (Turkey) were evaluated using headspace gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) combined chemometrics of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The major volatile compounds in the Salvia species are determined as n-hexanal (present in seven samples), sabinene (present in three samples), -pinene (present in 13 samples), -thujone (present in four samples), borneol (present in 11 samples), linalyl acetate (present in 10 samples), -pinene (present in 13 samples), camphene (present in 13 samples), -thujene (present in four samples), 2,4(10)-thujadien (present in two samples), -myrcene (present in seven samples), limonen (present in 12 samples), 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) (present in 13 samples) and camphor (present in nine samples). The most abundant (%) volatile compounds among all were detected as -pinene, camphene, -pinene and eucalyptol. For the first time, chemometrics of HCA and PCA is applied to FTIR and GC-MS data. The classification of all samples is performed on the basis of their chemical similarities and differences.Öğe A comparative study on fatty acid composition of black cumin obtained from different regions of Turkey, Iran and Syria(ACADEMIC JOURNALS, 2011) Tulukcu, ErayThe present study was carried out to determine the fatty acid composition of the black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) samples obtained from total ten different regions of Turkey, Iran and Syria and the comparison of variations in species. The fatty acid compositions of black cumin samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC). The main fatty acids of the fixed oil were linoleic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The lowest linoleic acid content (54.32%) is found to be in Kutahya Tavsanli. Additionally, the highest linoleic acid content (70.81%) is found to be in Iran. Palmitic acid is mostly found in samples obtained from Konya Karakaya and Konya Seydisehir and the palmitic acid, contributing approximately 8.23 to 13.34% to the total palmitic acid content. According to the results, fatty acid composition of the black cumin is significantly varied depending on each species. Black cumin oil or extract has protective and curative actions. Black cumin oil is considered as one among newer sources of edible oils, thanks to its important role in human nutrition and health. In this study, terms of fatty acids from some of the local varieties has come to the fore. For example, omega-6 Iran (70.81%), Omega-9 and palmitic acid Karakaya of Konya, saturated fatty acid (Sigma SFA); 27.87% for Tavsanli of Kutahya local varieties can be considered. These results indicated that the black cumin oil is a functional food because of the high unsaturated fatty acid values and could be used as natural agents in animal and human nutrition.Öğe Çumra tarımı ve arazi toplulaştırması(Selçuk Üniversitesi Teknik Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu, 2005) Tulukcu, Eray; Çağla, HasanOrta Anadolu Bölgesinde sulama birçok üründe özellikle tahıllarda önemli verim artışları sağlar. Konya’nın yıllık yağışlarının uzun yıllar ortalaması 321 mm olup Çumra ovasında 275 mm’ye kadar azalmaktadır. 2002 ürün yetişme döneminde ise toplam yıllık yağış Konya’da 384mm Çumra’da ise 386 mm olmuştur. Araştırmalara göre bu yağışların tamamı hububat yetişme döneminde düşse bile bitkilerin su tüketimini karşılamaz. Çumra’nın 693 689 da alanında buğday ve 74 832 da alanında ise şeker pancarı ekimi yapılmaktadır. Buğday ve Pancar Türkiye için ekonomik önemi büyük olan iki tarımsal üründür. Bu ürünlerin dışında geniş ürün desenine sahip tarihi bir merkezdir. Konya Ovası Projesi (KOP), Güney Doğu Anadolu Projesinden (GAP) sonra gelen ikinci büyük projedir. Bu proje arazi toplulaştırma projeleri ile birlikte düşünülmektedir. Çumra ise arazi toplulaştırma çalışmalarının ve sulama projelerinin ilk defa uygulandığı bir yerdir.Öğe Diallel melezleme yöntemiyle bor içeriği düşük topraklara uygun ekmeklik buğday anaç ve melezlerin belirlenmesi ile verim ve verim öğelerinin kalıtımı(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2004-10-26) Tulukcu, Eray; Sade, BayramBu çalışma, 2000 yılında altı ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde diallel melezleme yöntemi kullanılarak verim ve verim öğelerinin kalıtımım ile bor içeriği düşük topraklara uygun anaç ve melezleri belirlemek amacıyla Konya'da yürütülmüştür. Elde edilen Fi tohumlan 2001-2002 üretim yılında bor içeriği düşük alana anaçlanyla birlikte ekilmiştir. Fi bitkileri ve anaçlar üzerinde bitki boyu, başak boyu, başakta başakçık sayısı, başakta tane sayısı, başakta tane ağırlığı, tek bitki tane verimi, bin tane ağırlığı, başaklanma süresi, bitki hasat indeksi, sterilite oram ve tanede bor miktarı ölçüm, sayım, tartım ve analizleri yapılmıştır. İncelenen özellikler için anaçlar ve melezlerin diallel analiz yöntemine göre genel ve özel kombinasyon kabiliyetleri, heterosis ve heterobeltiosis değerleri, geniş ve dar anlamda kalıtım dereceleri ortaya konmuş ve özellikler arasındaki ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Tek bitki tane verimi için hem eklemeli hem de eklemeli olmayan gen etkisi, tanede bor miktarı için eklemeli olmayan gen etkileri, düşük dar anlamda kalıtım dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada tanede bor miktarı ve erkencilik özellikleri için Gerek-79 ve Bolal-2973 çeşitleri uygun anaç olurken, aynı özellikler için Bezostaya-1 x Dağdaş-94 uygun melez olarak dikkat çekmiştir. Heterosis ve heterobeltiosis değerleri tek bitki tane verimi için pozitif bulunmuştur. Tanede bor miktarı için heterosis değeri pozitif, heterobeltiosis değeri negatif olmuştur. Bu bilgiler doğrultusunda; ekmeklik buğdayda bor eksikliği olan alanlar için ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek uygun anaç ve kombinasyonlar belirlenmiştir.Öğe Effect of collection time on biological activity of Clary sage (Salvia sclarea)(DRUCKEREI LIDDY HALM, 2009) Tulukcu, Eray; Sağdıç, Osman; Albayrak, Sevil; Ekici, Lütfiye; Yetim, HasanSalvia sclarea (Clary sage, Lamiaceae) is commonly known as 'misk ada cayi' in Turkey. It is widely cultivated for extractive purposes in France, Bulgaria and USA. This study was designed to examine the effect of seasonal variation oil in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Clary sage. The results indicated that the extract of the plants collected in midday contained higher levels of phenolic content and revealed higher antioxidant capacities compared to the materials collected at other times of the day. No differences were found between the methanolic extract of the plants collected at the years of 2005 and 2006 for phenolic content and antioxidant activities. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts against thirteen microorganisms were also investigated. Salmonella typhimurium was the most resistant microorganism whereas Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus brevis and Bacillus cereus were the most sensitive microorganisms to the all extracts examined in this study.Öğe Effect of gamma-Irradiation on Bioactivity, Fatty Acid Compositions and Volatile Compounds of Clary Sage Seed (Salvia sclarea L.)(WILEY, 2011) Yalcin, Hasan; Ozturk, Ismet; Tulukcu, Eray; Sagdic, OsmanClary sage seeds (Salvia sclarea L.) were obtained from plants cultivated, and 2.5, 4.0, 5.5, and 7.0 kGy doses of gamma-irradiation were applied to the clary sage seeds. They were then analyzed for their protein, ash, oil and dry matter contents, and fatty acid composition. Additionally, the total phenolic contents, antiradical, antioxidant activities, and volatile compounds of the clary sage seed extract were determined. There was no significant difference in protein content. However, the moisture, oil, and ash contents of the samples were affected by irradiation. While the 7 kGy dose had a positive effect on the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of the sage seed extract, all doses have negative effects on the antioxidant activity of the sage seed. The main fatty acid of the sage seed was remarkably found as alpha-linolenic acid. The four irradiation levels caused significant differences in fatty acid composition by affecting all fatty acids except palmitic, palmitoleic, and eicosenoic acids. The dominant volatile compounds of control sage seed were found as beta-pinene (18.81%) and limonene (15.60%). Higher doses of the irradiation decreased volatile components of sage seed. Clary sage seed including high omega-3 can be irradiated with low doses (<= 2.5 kGy) of gamma-irradiation.Öğe Herbal Tea Fatty Acid Contents of Some Medicinal Plants Grown in Konya, Turkey(ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY, 2011) Tulukcu, ErayIn this study, 6 medicinal plants were generally used as herbal tea in Turkey. The medicinal plants are Hyssopus officinalis, Lavandula officinalis, Mentha piperita, Salvia sclareae L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill and Thymus vulgaris, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of medicinal plants were determined using gas chromatography (GC). 30 different fatty acids were determinated in the compositions of medicinal plants. At the end of experiment, the lowest total poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUPA) level was found in Hyssopus officinalis, the highest level was found in Lavandula officinalis. Oleic acid was identified as the major mono unsaturated fatty acid MUFA (4.8-35.61 % of total MUFAs). It was shown that the C 18:1 fatty acid played an important role on (MUFA) of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Generally, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the most abundant PUFA.Öğe THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION OF PLANTS(INT SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE SGEM, 2009) Tulukcu, Eray; Kocak, RaziyeThere are many varieties of plant in the world. Plants are essential to the balance of nature and people's lives. As a critical part of the ecosystem, plants provide oxygen for organisms to survive. They are able to reduce the problem of pollution, by using carbon-dioxide. Plants are also the basis of most food webs as producers of food for herbivores and ultimately carnivores. Plants also provide shelter for animals, clean and filter water and help prevent soil erosion. Historically, plants have provided a source of inspiration for novel drug compounds, as plants derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well being. Moreover plants against microorganisms in the environment in a lot of problems are used as antimicrobial.Öğe Influence of the harvesting year and fertilizer on the fatty acid composition and some physicochemical properties of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)(BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG, 2011) Yalcin, Hasan; Ozturk, Ismet; Tulukcu, Eray; Sagdic, OsmanSarA +/- 85 (Linum usitatissimum L.) linseed variety was used in this study. Linseed was cultivated at 2008 (LS-08) and 2009 (LS-09) without fertilizer. In addition, at 2009 diammonium phosphate [(NH(4))(2)HPO(4)] and ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)) were applied (LSF-09). The linseeds were analyzed for protein, ash and oil contents and fatty acid compositions. There were differences among harvesting years for oil, protein and ash contents of the seeds. The greater oil and protein contents were obtained during LS-08 compared with LS-09. There were no significant difference in protein and ash content between LS-09 and LSF-09 while a significant difference was observed in oil content. Seed protein, oil and ash contents were significantly affected by the harvesting year, but only oil content was affected by the fertilizer treatment. There are significant differences in palmitic, stearic, oleic, alpha-linolenic and arachidic acid between LS-08 and LS-09. While palmitic, stearic, oleic acid decreased, alpha-linolenic and arachidic acid increased during 2009 harvesting year. LSF-09 has the highest amount of alpha-linolenic acid. The fertilizing treatment seems to have an increasing effect on the amount of alpha-linolenic acid, while it has a decreasing effect on the oleic acid content.Öğe Investigation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils extracted from medicinal plants(M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2016) Gumus, Tuncay; Demirci, Ahmet Sukru; Sonuc, Munteha Nur; Demirok, Nazan Tokatli; Tulukcu, Eray; Gulcu, MehmetEssential oils of eleven plants including anise, hyssop, flos lavandulae, pot marigold, fennel, mint, chamomile petal, clary sage, cilantro, herba lippiae and dill were screened for total phenolic content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, for potential antioxidant activity using the phosphomolybdenum assay and for antiradical activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPHH) method. The antimicrobial activity was examined by using agar disc diffusion as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. The essential oils showed considerable antimicrobial activity against most of the tested microorganisms. The essential oil of dill was very effective in inhibiting the growth of all bacterial strains tested, with a low MIC (125 mu l/ml). Overall, the lowest MIC was found for E. coli O157:H7 and E. coli ATCC 25922 while the highest values were found for S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. The highest total antioxidant capacity as ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE) of 195.27 mg/g was obtained for mint with the phosphomolybdenium assay. The highest percentage of inhibition of DPPH radical was obtained with essential oil from dill (92.70 %). It was followed by radical scavenging activities of essential oils from mint (81.00 %) and anise (71.53 %). Total phenolic content of the essential oils ranged from 2.33 to 695.06 mg gallic acid per 100 g of the samples. Mint and dill had the highest content of total phenols. The essential oils of mint, dill, anise hyssop, and flos lavandulae may prove to be a good source of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for the food and pharmaceutical industries.Öğe Rheological characteristics of Salvia sclarea seed gum solutions at different hydration temperature levels: Application of three interval thixotropy test (3ITT)(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Kutlu, Gozde; Tulukcu, Eray; Toker, Omer Said; Sagdic, Osman; Karaman, SafaEffect of different hydration temperatures (25, 45, 65, 85 and 95 degrees C) on rheological properties of Salvia seed gum (SSG) was investigated by steady, dynamic shear and three interval thixotropy test (3ITT) procedures. Results showed that apparent viscosity values of the SSG samples decreased with shear rate and Oswald de Waele model fitted well to the steady shear rheological data of samples (R-2 > 0.99). The storage (G') and loss (G") modulus values of SSG samples increased with increase in angular frequency (omega) and G" values were lower than G' values at all hydration temperatures. In addition, structural deformation and degree of recovery of SSG samples hydrated at same temperatures were investigated by application of three interval thixotropy test (3ITT). Minimum deformation and maximum recovery were determined at 25 and 65 degrees C, respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that the 3ITT test can be used to specify the instantaneous shear stress/shear rate deformation in SSG samples and determine their deformation and structural regeneration kinetic data. The findings of the present study demonstrated that hydration temperature of the gum solution could be taken into consideration in terms of control of the rheological properties of final product. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
