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Öğe Arthropod Pest Management in Organic Hazelnut Growing(INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2009) Tuncer, C.Organic agriculture has been growing very rapidly worldwide during the last decade. Hazelnut is one of the main crops produced as organic in Turkey. Most of the hazelnut produced organically in Turkey is exported. Unfortunately, organic production has not been supported adequately by rigorous research regarding arthropod pest management. Nowadays, approaches to arthropod pest management in organic production only consist of general pest control methods for many crops, as well as for hazelnut. However, many producers require more specific information to address their own crop and pest problems. In spite of the lack of sufficient information about pest management practices that can be used in organic hazelnut production, organic hazelnut growing is still continuing, and there is a need to evaluate available literature and experience in order to establish an arthropod pest management program for organic hazelnut production. In this study, available results of researches and experiences about arthropod pests of hazelnut were evaluated, and control measurements for main arthropod pests were suggested for organic hazelnut growing. Cultural, mechanical and biological control methods of arthropod pests for organic hazelnut growing were discussed on the basis of pest species, in addition to the use of insecticides approved for organic production.Öğe Chemical analysis of the metathoracic scent gland of Eurygaster maura (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)(TARBIAT MODARES UNIV, 2019) Ogur, E.; Tuncer, C.Eurygaster maura (L.) (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) is one of the most devastating pests of wheat in Turkey. The metathoracic scent gland secretions of male and female E. maura were analyzed separately by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twelve chemical compounds, namely, Octane, n-Undecane, n-Dodecane, n-Tridecane, (E)-2-Hexenal , (E)-2-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, Cyclopropane, 1-ethyl-2-heptyl, Hexadecane, (E)-3-Octen-1-ol, acetate, (E)-5-Decen-1-ol, acetate, 2-Hexenoic acid, Butyric acid, and Tridecyl ester were detected in both males and females. These compounds, however, differed quantitatively between the sexes. In both females and males, n-Tridecane and (E)-2-Hexanal were the most abundant compounds and constituted approximately 90% of the total content. Minimal amounts of Octane were detected in males and Hexadecane in females.Öğe Population Density and Fluctuations of the Green Shield Bug (Palomena prasina L. Het.: Pentatomidae) in Hazelnut Orchards of Turkey(INT SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2009) Saruhan, I.; Tuncer, C.This study was carried out in order to determine population density and seasonal fluctuations of the Green Shield Bug in the Samsun, Ordu and Giresun provinces of Turkey between 2001 and 2003. The first overwintering adults were mostly seen in mid-April in hazelnut orchards. The new generation of adults appeared in July. The adults were present in orchards from mid-April until the end of October. The adult population density reached the highest level during August in general. Nymphs were mostly observed from June until the end of August in hazelnut orchards. The first two stages of nymphs tended to be on herbs in hazelnut orchards. Population density reached the peak level at the end of July and revealed as 10 insects/10 "plants"("plants", which is polycormic hazelnut tree, henceforth called: plants) in the Ordu province in 2001. The peak time of population density in the Giresun province was again late July and density levels were 15.2 insects/10 plants in the same year. Population density reached the highest level in early August in the Samsun province for three successive years. Population levels were 14.9, 51.5 and 45.5 insects/10 plants for 2001, 2002 and 2003 respectively. In general, population density, fluctuations and biology of the Green Shield Bug changed depending on years and locations.
