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Öğe Developmental variations and clinical importance of the fetal thyroid gland - A morphometric study(SAUDI MED J, 2007) Cicekcibasi, Aynur E.; Salbacak, Ahmet; Seker, Muzaffer; Ziylan, Taner; Tuncer, Isik; Buyukmumcu, MustafaObjectives: To investigate the morphologic structures and developmental anomalies of the thyroid gland in human fetuses. Methods: This study performed in the Department of Anatomy, Meram Faculty of Medicine between February and April in 2002. Fetuses were obtained from the Gynecology Department of the Meram Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, and Dr. Faruk Sukan Maternity Hospital (Konya, Turkey). Sixty spontaneously aborted fetuses (30 boys and 30 girls) between the ages of 13.5th and 32.5th weeks, which had no detectable anomalies, were evaluated. The gland was dissected under the microscope. The location of the gland was determined according to the tracheal ring levels and laryngeal cartilage levels. The length, width and thickness of both lobes and isthmus of the gland were measured and then, the developmental anomalies were Me obtained data were statistically analyzed by Least Squares noted. in variant analysis. Results: Although there was no significant difference regarding to the gender for all parameters except in width of the right lobe (P<0.05), difference in the length and width of lobes and the length of isthmus between trimesters was significant (P<0.05). All measured parameters were increasing with advancing gestational age. Tbe pyramidal lobe was observed in 18.3% of the cases. Conclusion: Normal dimensions and developmental anomalies of the fetal thyroid, which was shown in this study, may provide useful information for the prenatal diagnosis and in-utero treatment of thyroid dysfunctions.Öğe Pinealectomy increases oxidant damage in kidney and testis caused by hyperthyroidism in rats(WILEY, 2006) Mogulkoc, Rasim; Baltaci, Abdulkerim Kasim; Aydin, Leyla; Oztekin, Esma; Tuncer, IsikThyroid hormones regulate energy metabolism and act on mitochondria which are an important source of free radicals in the cell. The pineal gland activates antioxidant systems via melatonin secretion and thus has a protective function in body tissues. The present study was conducted to determine the oxidative damage caused by hyperthyroidism in kidney and testis tissues of pinealectomized rats. Experimental animals were allocated to three groups: 1, control group; 2, sham pinealectomy-hyperthyroidic group; and 3, pinealectomy-hyperthyroidic group. Hyperthyroidism was induced by A 3-week intraperitoneal administration of thyroxin after sham pinealectomy or pinealectomy. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in kidney and testis tissues. MDA levels of the kidney and testis tissue in the pinealectomy and hyperthyroidic groups were significantly higher than those in the sham pinealectomy-hyper-thyroidic group and the control group (p < 0.001). GSH levels of both kidney and testis tissues were significantly higher in the sham-pinealectomy-hyperthyroidic group when compared to the other two groups (p < 0.001). This increase in GSH levels was more evident in the pinealectomy-hyperthyroidic group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The results of our study demonstrate that MDA and GSH levels in kidney and testis tissues increased due to hyperthyroidism and that pinealectomy made the increase in MDA levels more apparent, while decreasing GSH levels. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.