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    General reproductive properties in pigs
    (SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2013) Tur, Irfan
    Pig breeding is usually undertaken for fat and meat production, but different sectors (cosmetics industry, pharmaceutical industry, medical sector, etc.) can also use pigs for alternate purposes. Pork is evaluated based on the status of an amended law regarding butchers' meat in Turkey. There have been 25 pig farms registered in Turkey since 7 July 2006 in the framework of compliance with the European Union. On average, a sow has 2.3 farrowings per year, producing 9.5 to 12.5 piglets per litter. It is important that high proportions of selected replacement gilts reach puberty at an early age in order to easily become pregnant and enter sow groups at weaning. A sow has an average of only 3 litters before her productivity wanes and she is sent to slaughter at an age of 24-30 months. Due to prolonged confinement, lack of exercise, and selective breeding for large size, culled sows often experience lameness, foot injuries, weakened bones, muscle atrophy, and painful abrasions.
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    Protein based flushing related blood urea nitrogen effects on ovarian response, embryo recovery and embryo quality in superovulated ewes
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2017) Tur, Irfan; Dinc, Dursun Ali; Semacan, Ahmet
    The present study is the first report that evaluates effects of nutritional effects of flushing with differing diet crude protein ratios on blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, related some reproductive parameters and embryo quality in ewe. During mating season, before synchronization protocol ewes were fed on alfalfa hay and additive concentrate feeding as flushing. Intra vaginal FGA containing sponges applied for 12 days for the purpose of synchronization and pFSH was administered by 8 declining doses for the purpose of superovulation. Uterus was flushed in the morning of the seventh day of mating and embryos were collected surgically. Collected embryos were qualified according to LETS criterion. There is no dependency found between BUN values measured at different days and at different diet crude protein concentrations. An increase in uterine pH levels due to increasing protein amounts was observed but this increase was not significant among groups. Ovarian function was evaluated by ovarian responses (CL + large follicle) showed difference between groups (p < 0.05) and the lowest protein intake group gave highest ovarian response. In addition, embryo recovery rates revealed difference between groups (p < 0.05) and it was observed that the lowest ovarian response group showed the highest rates of embryo recovery. It is concluded that, in some Anatolian native sheep breeds, the application of diet flushing with different crude protein concentrates influence ovarian responses and embryo recovery rates but has no effect on BUN levels; uterus physiology or embryonic quality. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.