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    Cholinesterase, ?-glucosidase, ?-amylase, and tyrosinase inhibitory effects and antioxidant activity of veronica officinalis extracts
    (2018) Eruygur, Nuraniye; Uçar, Esra
    In this study, inhibition ability of Veronica officinalis extracts against Alzheimer’s disease-related enzymesacetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), diabetes mellitus related enzymes ?-glucosidase and ?-amylase and antioxidant of Veronica officinalis were investigated. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studieson the enzyme inhibition activities of the V. officinalis extracts. For this aim, V. officinalis extracted with methanol and waterby maceration method and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS [2,2?-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] radical scavenging assays, total phenol, total flavonoid content, ironchelating and ferric reducing power assays. The enzyme inhibition activity was performed with 96-well plate method.According to the obtained results; the plant extracts have good antioxidant effects. In the same time, the water extract havestronger inhibition activity against AChE, BuChE and ?-glucosidase, ?-amylase, and tyrosinase than methanol extract. Theexperimental findings indicated that the water extract exerted the higher ?-glucosidase, ?-amylase and tyrosinase (82.07 2.91, 63.61 3.93 and 47.47 0.53 at 2 mg mL -1 , respectively) inhibition than reference drugs. The obtained resultsdemonstrate that this plant has a significant potential for improving pharmaceutical formulations.
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    In vitro antioxidant assessment, screening of enzyme inhibitory activities of methanol and water extracts and gene expression in Hypericum lydium
    (SPRINGER, 2019) Eruygur, Nuraniye; Uçar, Esra; Akpulat, Hüseyin Aşkın; Shahsavari, Keyhan; Safavi, Seyed Mehdi; Kahrizi, Danial
    Hypericum lydium Boiss. is a perennial plant of the Hypericaceae family, which has been used in particular to treat depression. The aim of this study was to determine in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, anticholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase (AChE)/butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)), antidiabetic activities (-glucosidase/-amylase) and Tyrosinase inhibitor activity of methanol and water extracts of H. lydium. Also, gene expression has been evaluated in the shoot and root by microarray technology. So, in general, the purpose of this study is to study the active molecules such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, enzymes and genes in the plant, which is the first to be reported. The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications. In addition, gene expression was compared in the shoot and root parts. Expression profiling was carried out by microarrays. According to the results, the highest chemical components were determined in methanol extract rather than water extract. There was a difference between the obtained components. While the highest antioxidant activity was determined from the methanol extract of plant herbs for DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity, antioxidant activity was the same in both methanol and water extracts using the ABTS method. The methanol extract demonstrated stronger anticholinesterase (AChE and BChE) and -amylase inhibition activity. This study was complemented by the detection of antioxidant activity and some enzyme inhibition activity in the methanol extract. Microarray showed 10,784 genes had significantly different expression in root and shoot. There was a positive effect of methanol extract in respect of different activities compared to the water extract. Gene expression showed that the number of expressed genes in the root was greater than the shoot.