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    Fruit and seed morphology of six species previously placed in Malcolmia (Brassicaceae) in Turkey and their taxonomic value
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2011) Kaya, Ayla; Unal, Murat; Ozgokce, Fevzi; Dogan, Bekir; Martin, Esra
    The fruit and seed morphologies of 6 species previously placed in the genus Malcolmia W.T.Aiton were examined with stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the significance of fruit and seed features as taxonomic characters. This study presents macro- and micromorphological characters, including fruit and seed shape, size, colour, fruiting pedicel size, fruit hair and density, seed coat pattern, epidermal cell shape, and anticlinal and periclinal cell walls. The results showed that the morphological characteristics of the fruit and seed could be used as criteria to distinguish genera and tribes. The investigated features of specimens indicated that Malcolmia chia (L.) DC. and M.flexuosa (Sikh. & Sm.) Sibth. & Sm. should remain in the genus that belongs to the tribe Anastaticeae. Malcolmia crenulata (DC.) Boiss. and M. exacoides (DC.) Spreng. belong to the genus Zuvanda (Dvorak) Askerova of the tribe Conringieae. Finally, Malcolmia africana (L.) W.T.Aiton and M. intermedia C.A.Mey. belong to the genus Strigosella Boiss. of the tribe Euclidieae. A key is provided for the identification of the investigated species based on fruit and seed characters.
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    Karyotype Analyses of the Genus Matthiola (Brassicaceae) in Turkey
    (UNIV TOKYO CYTOLOGIA, 2016) Martin, Esra; Unal, Murat; Dogan, Bekir; Altinordu, Fahim; Sefali, Abdurrahman; Kaya, Ayla
    In the present paper, karyotype analyses are reported for 12 taxa of Matthiola from Turkey. Matthiola trojana Dirmenci, Satil & Ttimen, M odoratissima (Pall.) R.Br., M anchonifolia Hub.-Mor., M montana Boiss., M fruticulosa (L.) Maire ssp. fruticulosa and M ovatifolia (Boiss.) Boiss. counted 2n=12 chromosomes, and M incana (L.) R.Br., M longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. bicornis (Sibth. et Smith) P. W. Ball, M longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. longipetala, M longipetala (Vent.) DC. ssp. pumilio (Sibth. & Smith) P. W. Ball, M sinuata (L.) R.Br., and M tricuspidata (L.) R.Br. showed 2n=14 chromosomes. The idiograms and karyomorphometric data obtained by using Image Analysis System (Bs200Pro). The chromosome number of M montana was determined for the first time. Also, karyotype asymmetry index such as M-CA, CVCL and CVCL were measured for the reconstruction of karyological relationships.
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    Phylogenetic relationships between Malcolmia, Strigosella, Zuvanda, and some closely related genera (Brassicaceae) from Turkey revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat amplification
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2011) Dogan, Bekir; Unal, Murat; Ozgokce, Fevzi; Martin, Esra; Kaya, Ayla
    The genus Malcolmia W.T.Aiton is taxonomically problematic, and some of its species have recently been transferred to the genera Strigosella Boiss. and Zuvanda Dvorak. Three species of this genus are native to Turkey. The revision studies based on molecular data, which were collected in the past few years, display the phylogenetic relations and the systematic positions of the taxa more reliably and apparently. Thus taxonomic problems of species are resolved through DNA-based molecular analyses, which are not affected by environmental factors compared to phenotypic studies. In the present study, the amplifications of the DNA fragments were carried out using ISSR primers, and the phylogenetic relationship among the taxa was revealed through a dendrogram produced as the outcome of the NTSYSpc 2.1 software. The infrageneric and intergeneric phylogenetic relationships among Malcolmia and other related genera are determined. A very close relationship was determined between Malcolmia chin and M. flexuosa. Strigosella and Zuvanda species were determined to be phylogenetically different from these 2 species. The phylogenetic relationships among the Malcolmia, Strigosella, Zuvanda, Leptaleum DC., Neotorularia Hedge & J.Leonard, and Sisymbrium L. taxa were investigated. The phylogenetic separation of Malcolmia, Strigosella, Zuvanda Leptaleum, Neotorularia, and Sisymbrium genera and their specimens constituted separate clades on the dendrogram.
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    Study of phylogenetic relationship of Turkish species of Matthiola (Brassicaceae) based on ISSR amplification
    (TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2016) Dogan, Bekir; Celik, Mustafa; Unal, Murat; Sefali, Abdurrahman; Martin, Esra; Kaya, Ayla
    Matthiola W.T. Aiton is a taxonomically complex genus in which there are many problems, mostly with Matthiola longipetala and M. odoratissima. Matthiola species native to Turkey were collected from various locations in Anatolia, and their DNA was isolated. Revision studies performed on the basis of molecular data obtained from studies conducted in recent years have made the phylogenetic relationships and systematic positions of the taxa more apparent and reliable. Consequently, the remaining taxonomic problems among the species have been resolved through the use of DNA-based molecular analysis methods, which, unlike phenotype studies, are not affected by environmental factors. The inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) fingerprinting method was used in the study because its properties were considered to be more reliable and consistent than those of the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA method. DNA fragments were amplified through the use of ISSR primers. The phylogenetic relationships among the taxa were represented on a dendrogram constructed through means of NTSYSpc 2.02 software. The infrageneric and intergeneric phylogenetic relationships between Matthiola and other related genera were also characterized. It was determined that the taxa Matthiola odoratissima and M. ovatifolia are separate but closely related. Moreover, it was observed that the Matthiola longipetala complex forms a separate group within the genera. Clearly, the genera Matthiola, Sterigmostemum, Strigosella, Malcolmia, and Chorispora are phylogenetically differentiated on the dendrogram.