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    COMPARATIVE HISTOMETRICAL STUDY OF THE CEREBELLUM AND THE DETERMINATION OF SOME AgNOR PARAMETERS IN DIFFERENT AVIAN SPECIES
    (NATL VETERINARY RESEARCH INST, 2011) Sur, Emrah; Oznurlu, Yasemin; Ozaydin, Tugba; Colakoglu, Fatma; Unsal, Sadettin; Yener, Yesim
    The study was carried out to determine some characteristics of silver stained nucleolus organising regions (AgNOR parameters) of the Purkinje cells and structural differences of the cortex, if any, in the cerebellum of turkeys, ducks, pigeons, and starlings. The thickness of the molecular and granular layer at the summit of the folia was the highest in pigeons, whereas the highest value of the molecular and granular layer was determined at the deep of the folia in turkeys. The highest number of Purkinje cells per unit scale was observed in pigeons and starlings. The mean sizes of the Purkinje cells were greater in turkeys than in other species. The mean area of the Purkinje cell nucleus, AgNOR area and AgNOR counts were found to be higher in turkeys. However, there was no difference in the mean ratio of AgNOR area to Purkinje cell nucleous area among the species. In conclusion, it seems that the results obtained from this study could be of particular interest to comparative biologists and physiologists.
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    EFFECTS OF NEEMAZAL-T/S CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR (CSI) ACTIVITY AGAINST GALLERIA MELLONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2018) Unsal, Sadettin; Sart, Hakan
    Effects of NeemAzal-T/S on the chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) of sixth instar larval integument of Galleria mellonella L. have been investigated. With probit analysis method oral LC95 value of NeemAzal-T/S was determined as 4200 ppm for G. mellonella larvae. Decreasing concentrations of the substance such as, 4200 ppm, 2100 ppm, 1050 ppm and 525 ppm were used. Morphologically, in all exposed the larvae slowing of the movements, growth inhibition, loss of tissue fluid, blackout and bleeding were observed in a dose/response manner. Nevertheless, the changes were not at the same level in all group. The moulting was unsuccessful at four different concentrations. NeemAzal-T/S was found to be effective on cuticle thickness. Histologically, cuticle secretion of epidermal cells was blocked at a dose/response manner and the blockage was more definite at higher concentrations and endocuticular lamellae formation was blocked. Cuticle secretion of the larvae decreased 27% in 525 ppm, 29% in 1050 ppm, 33% in 2100 ppm and 37% in 4200 ppm NeemAzal-T/S containing diet. The action mode of NeemAzal-T/S was found to be similar to that of the classical CSIs (chitin synthesis inhibitors).
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    EFFECTS OF TRIFLUMURON ON LARVAL INTUGEMENT OF SIXTH-INSTAR GALLERIA MELLONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE)
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2018) Unsal, Sadettin; Gorer, Naci
    The chitin synthesis inhibitory (CSI) effect of triflumuron on integuments of sixth-instar Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae was investigated. The LC 50 (lethal concentration, 50%) value of triflumuron for oral administration was determined to be 400 ppm with probit analysis. Concentrations of 400 ppm and its decreasing levels of 200, 100, 50, 25, and 12.5 ppm were used in the study. For three concentrations of triflumuron (100, 200, and 400 ppm), morphological deformities were observed, albeit not at the same rate, and larvae failed to molt. For three other concentrations (12.5, 25, and 50 ppm), in spite of continuing to develop and molting to next instar, abnormalities were observed on wings of adults kept in 12.5 and 25 concentrations; larvae kept in 50 ppm failed to develop and died. Histologically, at the 50, 100, 200, and 400 ppm concentrations of triflumuron, along with deformation of lamella structure in endocuticle, intracellular granular formations, condensation of cytoplasm and cytoplasmic losses were observed in epidermal cells. In addition to these formations, vacuolar formations were observed for the 200 and 400 ppm concentrations. In the experimental groups, cuticle secretion of epidermal cells was blocked at higher rates with increasing concentrations depending on the dose/time relationship. Compared with the control group, due to decrease in cuticle secretion of larvae fed with diets containing 50-100 ppm, cuticle thickness decreased by 20%, whereas it decreased by 37%-38% for the 200-400 ppm concentrations, respectively.
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    Light microscopic investigations on the circumvallate papillae of the young and aged akkaraman sheep
    (KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Unsal, Sadettin; Cuce, Hasan; Celik, Ilhami; Sur, Emrah; Ozparlak, Haluk
    In this light microscopic study, morphometric parameters of the circumvallate papillae and the number of their taste buds in tongues of young (6-9 month-old) and aged (7 year-old) Akkaraman sheep were compared in order to determine general morphology and whether there were age-related differences in general morphology and numbers of the taste buds between young and aged animals. The tongues were obtained from a local slaughterhouse. Tissue samples containing dorsal lingual papillae of 32 tongues (16 young and 16 aged) from both sexes (equal numbers of the males and females) were used for histological investigation. The mean number and diameter of the circumvallate papilla, mean number and diameter of the taste buds, and the taste bud number per circumvallate papilla were determined under the light microscope. There were no significant differences between the young and aged animals in the mean number and diameter of circumvallate papillae, the taste bud number and the diameter, taste bud number per papilla. Nevertheless, the aged animals had larger circumvallate papillae. These results showed that number of the taste buds and circumvallate papilla did not change with aging in Akkaraman sheep. Because that general morphology of the circumvallate papillae and their taste bud numbers did not change even in older animals, any age-related differences in the sense of taste can not be attributed to gross degenerative changes in taste buds of circumvallate papillae.
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    A LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON LARVAL INTEGUMENT CYCLE OF LEPIDOPTERA
    (PARLAR SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS (P S P), 2018) Unsal, Sadettin
    The cycle of sixth instar larval integument of a Lepidoptera example, Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was investigated by light microscopy. Two phases of larval integument change of G. mellonella larvae were observed via histological and histometrical measurements performed over 12-108 hours. The first of these phase changes was observed between 12 and 84 hours with changes to epidermal cells and procuticle formation resulting in interzone cuticle. The second phase change occurred in cuticle and epidermal cells with digestion of the old procuticle and formation of a new procuticle, which was observed between 96 and 108 hours commencing with apolysis at 96 hours. During the first period complete epicuticle formation was detected at 12 hours, the development of procuticle continued with lamellae addition between 12 and 84 hours. The procuticle development was completed with formation of the interzone cuticle at 84 hours. Epidermal cells underwent mitosis at 72 hours and at 84 hours formed the interzone cuticle by secreting a small quantity of seventh instar cuticle. In the second stage, apolysis occurred at 96 hours. The observed effects of molting fluid were, firstly, the separation of endocuticle lamellae, followed by their dissolution and, finally, absorption by epidermal cells. The procuticle thickness decreased from 16.9 mu m to 7.5 mu m at this stage. Epidermal cells took on a prismatic shape at this stage and started to form seventh instar epicuticle and procuticle.