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Öğe Change in proximate, amino acid and fatty acid contents in muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after cooking(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2007) Unusan, NurhanChanges in proximate, amino acid and fatty acid composition of farmed, commercially important rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after conventional and microwave cooking were analysed. Rainbow trouts cooked in microwave ovens had statistically significant higher total protein, total fat, and ash than electrical oven-cooked samples. The amounts of essential and nonessential amino acids were not different between cooking methods, but the difference between raw and cooked samples was significant. Lysine, leusine, methionine, threonine, valine, arginine and histidine were found most in microwave-cooked rainbow trouts whereas isoleucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were found most in electrical oven-cooked samples. As total saturated fatty acid and total monounsaturated fatty acids amount were not statistically different between the cooking methods, the difference between raw and cooked fillets was found statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between raw and cooked fillets in total n-3 and n-6 contents.Öğe Comparison of Attitudes Towards Breakfast by Turkish Fourth Graders Living in Turkey and Germany(Academic Press Ltd Elsevier Science Ltd, 2006) Unusan, Nurhan; Şanlıer, Nevin; Danışık, HasanThe purpose of this article is to identify and compare Turkish fourth graders attitudes towards breakfast living in Turkey and Germany. A sample group of 882 Turkish students enrolled in fourth grade in Hamburg (Germany, N=422) and Konya (Turkey, N=460) were surveyed. Independent t-tests, chi(2) test and Pearson product-moment correlations were used. More students living in Turkey had breakfast and had enough time before going to school (P < 0.01). Students living in Turkey reported that eating breakfast affected them positively (P < 0.01). Students living in Germany reported that eating breakfast made them feel tired (P < 0.01). The consumption of breakfast cereal (P < 0.05) and fruit juice (P < 0.01) that had not been consumed widely in Turkey increased in Germany. Students who eat breakfast also eat lunch (r=0.296 and -0.236, P < 0.01, students living in Turkey and Turkish students living in Germany, respectively). Nutrition education programs in primary schools may change Student's attitudes about breakfast and offering a breakfast programme in schools may greatly improve breakfast consumption rates.Öğe Consumer food safety knowledge and practices in the home in Turkey(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2007) Unusan, NurhanThe aim of the present study was to examine the knowledge and behaviours related to food safety among consumers who had the primary responsibility for food preparation in the home. Home interviews of 458 randomly selected householders representing three districts in Konya, Turkey, were conducted. The study found significant difference among education levels concerning attitude towards food safety and knowledge. No significant effect of demographic profile on food handling practices was found. These findings increase concerns about consumer safety knowledge and practices. It is advised that a national surveys should be conducted, followed by a properly designed food safety public health campaign, to enhance household food safety awareness. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Determination of clenbuterol in UHT milk in Turkey(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2008) Unusan, NurhanClenbuterol use is linked to its ability to induce weight gain and a greater proportion of muscle to fat. Clenbuterol residues can affect lung and heart function in persons who have eaten liver or meat of animals which were given the drug. Any residue of clenbuterol is regarded unacceptable in the EU. The purpose of the study was to determine the occurrence of clenbuterol in UHT milk samples in Turkey. The occurrence of hormone residues in Ultra Heat Treatment (UHT) milk samples was investigated by semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunoassay technique. There was a high incidence rate of clenbuterol, with forty-one (68.3%) milk samples being contaminated. 21.7% of the samples were over the permissible level for clenbuterol as accepted by the EU. Clenbuterol levels in the samples purchased in Central Anatolia Region appear to be serious public health problem at the moment.Öğe Linkage between stress and fruit and vegetable intake among university students: an empirical analysis on Turkish students(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2006) Unusan, NurhanThe purpose of this study was to examine, in a sample of university students, the relationship between stress and benefits and barriers of fruit and vegetable consumption. Subjects were administered a questionnaire containing demographic profile, benefits and barriers of fruit and vegetable consumption, Brief Symptom Inventory, Stress Scale, and Brief Coping Style Inventory. Frequencies and means were used for descriptive purposes. Spearman (gender) and Pearson product moment correlations, multiple linear regressions, and factor analyses were performed. Stress Symptom Scale, Susceptibility to Stress Scale Stress, and Coping Style Inventory were significantly associated with barriers of fruit and vegetable intake. Results from the questionnaire indicated that the self-reported mean intake was 3.67 +/- 1.81 servings of fruit and vegetables per day. The present study revealed a significant influence of fruit and vegetable restraint on eating behavior under stress. The results suggest that increased stress was strongly associated with barriers of fruit and vegetable intake among Turkish university students. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in UHT milk in Turkey(PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2006) Unusan, NurhanAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk as a direct result of the ingestion of food contaminated with aflatoxin B1 by cattle. The role of milk in human nutrition is well-known. The purpose of the study was to determine the levels of AFM1 in UHT milk samples in Central Anatolia, Turkey. The occurrence of AFM1 contamination in UHT milk samples was investigated by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) technique. A total of 129 samples of commercial UHT whole milk were analysed. The mean value was 108.17 ng/L. There was a high incidence rate of AFM1, with 75 (58.1%) milk samples being contaminated. Although 68 (53%) were below the limit, the remaining 61 (47%) were well above the limit permitted by the EU. Four of the samples exceeded the prescribed limit of US regulations. It can be concluded that AFM1 levels in the samples purchased in Central Anatolia Region, appear to be a serious public health problem at the moment. Dairy farmers must be educated by the government authorities on potential health consequences of aflatoxins. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Occurrence of chloramphenicol, streptomycin and tetracycline residues in ultra-heat-treatment milk marketed in Turkey(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2009) Unusan, NurhanDairy cattle that have been treated with antibiotics produce milk containing antibiotic residues, which may lead to severe allergic reactions in sensitive consumers, culture failure and subsequent loss of product. The purpose of the present study was to determine the levels of tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol in ultra-heat-treatment milk samples by semi-quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. A total of 60 milk samples were analysed. For streptomycin and tetracycline, the concentrations found were below the maximum residue limits permitted by the European Union. There was a high incidence rate of chloramphenicol and tetracycline, with 28 milk samples (46.8%) and 40 milk samples (66.8%) being contaminated, respectively. Chloramphenicol levels in the samples appear a serious public health problem at the moment.
