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Öğe Accessory Spleens at Autopsy(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2011) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Demirci, Serafettin; Dogan, Kamil Hakan; Kolcu, GirayAccessory spleens (AS) may be formed during embryonic development when some of the cells from the developing spleen are deposited along the path from the midline, where the spleen forms, over to its final location on the left side of the abdomen. An accessory spleen is usually near the spleen's hilum, but it may be embedded partly or wholly in the tail of the pancreas. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and distribution of AS during routine forensic autopsies. AS were investigated in 720 consecutive autopsy cases. Fifty-four AS were found in 48 (6.7%) cases. AS were found in hilum of the main spleen in 28 cases, the great omentum in 13 cases, the pancreas in 5 cases, and the pelvis in 2 cases. There were two AS in two cases and three AS in another two cases. Awareness of the possible presence of AS is important because when splenectomy is performed for some conditions such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, failure to remove the AS may result in the failure of the condition to resolve. Additionally, during medical imaging, AS may be confused for enlarged lymph nodes or neoplastic growths. In conclusion, autopsy series are useful for determining the incidences and the other features of AS in different populations, in addition to those studies using CT scans and those studies obtained during laparoscopic or open surgeries. Clin. Anat. 24:757-762, 2011. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss. IncÖğe Anatomical Examination of the Foramens of the Middle Cranial Fossa(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2014) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Seker, Muzaffer; Karabulut, Ahmet KaganThree foramina can be identified in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone: The foramen rotundum (FR), foramen ovale (FO) and foramen spinosum (FS). In addition, there may be another foramen called foramen ovale accessorium or foramen vesalius (FV) which connects the middle cranial fossa to the fossa pterygoidea (pterygoid fossa). It is described as an opening with smooth walls in front and medial to foramen ovale which leads to an oblique channel directed towards the fossa pterygoidea. FV was present between FO and FR in 14 (31.8%) of 44 dry and 6 (33.3%) of 18 cadaver skullbase sides (total 20 (32.3%) of 62). The diameter values of foramens on both the right and the left side were observed to be almost symmetrical. FR's distance from the midline on the left side was greater than the right side. Also, the distance between FO and the petrous apex and the distance between FS and the petrous apex were greater on the left side. On the right side the distance between FO and FR, and the distance between FO and FS were greater. Also, the distance between FR and the petrous apex was greater on the right side. Anatomical variations in appearance size and distance of FR, FO, FS and FV are of great surgical importance. In conclusion, we can infer that the information provided with this study can help the neurosurgeon and anatomist to increase the knowledge about anatomy of middle cranial fossa.Öğe Clinical Significance of Maxillary Artery and its Branches: A Cadaver Study and Review of the Literature(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2011) Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Seker, Muzaffer; Ziylan, TanerThe aim of this study was to investigate the anatomy of the maxillary artery (MA) and its branches. Fourteen sides of Turkish adult cadavers were dissected. The specimens were classified according to the relation between MA and the lateral pterygoid. After the removal of the lateral pterygoid, parts and branches of MA were exposed. We classified the branching patterns of MA in the pterygopalatine fossa. The calibers and lengths of the arteries, and the distance between the zygomatic arch and MA, and between the infratemporal crest and MA were measured. The MA was found superficial to the lateral pterygoid in 57.2%. The inferior alveolar artery (IA) was arisen from MA before the middle meningeal artery (MM) in 35.7%, after MM in 35.7%. The IA and MM were arisen from the same area of MA in 14.3 %. In other two cases IA was arisen from the beginning of MA (14.3%). According to the contours of third portion of MA, we classified "Y" type (50%), "intermediate-T" type (14.3%), and "M" type (35.7%). This reinvestigation of the clinical anatomy of MA may provide useful information to the head and neck surgeons, dentists, neurosurgeons and radiologists related with this region.Öğe A Complex Variation of the Parietal and Visceral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2011) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Ulusoy, Mahinur; Gunaslan, PervinVariations in the branches of the abdominal aorta were determined during a routine abdominal region dissection of a 70-year-old male cadaver. Left gastric artery arose as the first root from antero-lateral of aorta. Coeliacomesenteric trunk occurred as a thick root. After 29.9mm, coeliacomesenteric trunk bifurcated as coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. Coeliac trunk bifurcated as splenic artery and common hepatic artery. These multiple variations which change the normal anatomic structure of the abdominal aorta have to be kept in mind by surgeons, radiologists and anatomists.Öğe The Course and Variations of the Branches of the Musculocutaneous Nerve in Human Fetuses(WILEY, 2009) Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Salbacak, AhmetThe course and branches of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) were dissected in 140 human fetal arms. The MCN entered the superior, middle, and inferior part of coracobrachialis in 43%, 37%, and 17% of arms, respectively, and the remaining 3% did not pierce coracobrachialis. The motor branches to biceps were classified as follows: Type 1 (83.6%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply the two heads of biceps; Type 2 (14.3%): two separate branches each innervating one head of biceps; Type 3 (2.1%): a single branch that bifurcated to supply each head of biceps plus an additional branch that innervated the distal part of biceps. The motor branches to brachialis were classified as follows: Type 1 (93.6%): a single branch to brachialis; Type 2 (6.4%): a single branch that bifurcated into two branches both supplying brachialis. Communications between the MCN and the median nerve (MN) were observed in 10% of specimens, of which three types (A, B, C) could be identified depending on their origin and union. In the most frequently observed type (13, 50% of cases) the communicating branch arose from the proximal part of the MCN and joined the MN in the middle or distal part of arm. The data presented here will be of use to surgeons, especially pediatric surgeons who undertake surgical procedures in the axilla and arm. Clin. Anat. 22:337-345, 2009. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Öğe Evaluation of the facet joints with magnetic resonance images in the patients with disc degeneration and spondylolisthesis(SPRINGER FRANCE, 2018) Kundakci, Yunus Emre; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Guler, Ibrahim; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Karabulut, Ahmet KaganPurpose We aimed to research in detail the morphology of the facet orientation (FO) and tropism (FT) in degenerative diseases. Method This study consisted of patients with disc degeneration (DD) and with lumbar spondylolisthesis (LS) as well as a control group without these two diseases. The group of patients with DD was separated by DD grades. Vertebral body and intervertebral discs' (IVDs) morphometric values, facet joint osteoarthritis (OA) grading, FO and FT were examined in all the groups. All measurements were applied to MRIs of 353 patients. Result There was a significant difference in facet angle values between the groups at L4-L5 (FO: p = 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between FO at L4-L5 and L4 vertebral body anterior posterior diameter and L5 mid-vertebral body height, in 353 patients (p = 0.003; p = 0.010). Facet joint OA grading scores were lower in the control group than in the disc degeneration patient (DDP) and LS groups (p < 0.05). Sagittal FO was seen with the increase of facet joint OA scores at L4-L5 in the control and DDP groups (control: p = 0.001; DDP: p = 0.40). Conclusion Facet joints can show different orientation values in LS and DDP groups at L4-L5. The presence of FT is a risk factor for an LS patient at L4-L5. Sagittal FO is seen with vertebral slip at L5-S1. FO is affected by the morphometric changes of the vertebral body at L4-L5. Discussions in this regard need to be resolved through further research.Öğe How do Different Sporting Activities Affect Bone Patella Volume? A Descriptive Pilot Study(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2014) Karalezli, N.; Bozkurt, I; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Kerimoglu, U.The aim of this study was to compare the patella bone volume of sedentary men with that of elite male sportspeople, including judoka, cyclists, weightlifters, and taekwondo athletes who were members of Turkish National Professional Teams. All subjects had no history or clinical signs of an orthopaedic disorder such as osteoarthritis or acromegaly. The right and left knees of all groups were placed side by side in a supine position and were scanned by high resolution imaging with multidetector computed tomography. The differences between the volume of right and left patellae of sedentary men, judoka, cyclists, weightlifters, and taekwondo athletes were statistically significant. The average left patella of a professional cyclist and the average right patella volume of a sedentary man were maximum and minimum, respectively. The results demonstrated that the patella volume of cyclists was significantly larger. According to the literature, patella bone volume was associated with a reduced rate of annual patella cartilage volume loss, so cycling early in life may prevent patella cartilage loss in the future.Öğe Investigation of developmental toxicity and teratogenicity of cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and their combinations with prednisolone(ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE, 2016) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan; Acar, HasanIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the toxic and teratogenic effects of cyclosporine A and tacrolimus and their combinations with prednisolone using an in vitro rat embryo culture technique. Cyclosporine A (4-40 mu g/ml), tacrolimus (1-20 mu g/ml) and combinations of these drugs with prednisolone (20 mu g/ml) at different concentrations were tested. Cyclosporine A and its combination with prednisolone were determined to have toxic effects on embryonic growth after 10 mu g/ml. When used alone, the lowest dose of tacrolimus had embryotoxic effects on the total morphological score and number of somites. It was determined that cyclosporine A caused hematoma at 4 mu g/ml and higher doses, and tacrolimus especially at 20 mu g/ml caused an open neural tube beside hematoma. It was observed that cyclosporine A at 40 g/ml dose initiated apoptotic effects at a very low rate, prednisolone increased this effect, tacrolimus led to excessive apoptosis after 15 mu g/ml, and this effect did not change with prednisolone supplement. We are of the opinion that the doses should be determined carefully when cyclosporine A and tacrolimus are required to be administered to pregnant women with prednisolone combination, as prednisolone increases the toxic effects of cyclosporine A, and increases teratogenic effects of tacrolimus. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The Levator Claviculae Muscle and Unilateral Third Head of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle: Case Report(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2010) Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul; Buyukmumcu, Mustafa; Ziylan, TanerA rare case of unilateral third head of sternocleidomastoid and an extra muscle levator claviculae were determined unilaterally in a 70-year-old male cadaver during the routine dissections. In the left neck side, it was observed that the sternocleidomastoid muscle also had a third part in addition to known sternal and clavicular heads and levator claviculae muscle which arose from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of the 3rd cervical vertebra and attached to the posterior margin of the clavicle. An awareness of this variations may be important because of its close relationship with neurovascular structures during neck operations.Öğe MAJOR ANATOMIC VARIATIONS OF PULMONARY FISSURES AND LOBES ON POSTMORTEM EXAMINATION(SESTRE MILOSRDNICE UNIV HOSPITAL, 2015) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Demirci, Serafettin; Dogan, Kamil Hakan; Kolcu, GirayThis study was aimed at determining major accessory fissures (MAF) and absence or incompleteness of lobar or major fissures (MF) during routine forensic autopsies. Prior to starting this prospective study, forms were prepared to collect data on pulmonary lobes and fissures. In this study, 420 lungs of 210 autopsy cases were examined for incompleteness and absence of MF and complete accessory fissures. Horizontal fissures were incomplete in 18 right lungs. Incomplete oblique fissures were noted in three right and two left lungs. Unidentified abnormal fissures were determined in one left lung and five right lungs. The most common fissural abnormality was less than half complete horizontal fissure. Four right lungs had four lobes and two left lungs had three lobes because of complete accessory fissures. The number of lobes in the left and right lungs and the morphological features of both incomplete MF and MAF were determined in detail and the variations were photographed. It is concluded that, in addition to studies on computed tomography scans, autopsy series are useful for determining the variations of MF and MAF of the lungs in different populations.Öğe Mental foramen and lingual vascular canals of mandible on MDCT images: anatomical study and review of the literature(SPRINGER, 2018) Direk, Filiz; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Kivrak, Ali Sami; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Unver Dogan, Nadire; Karabulut, Ahmet KaganThe mental foramen and lingual vascular canals are related to vessels and nerves in the mandibular body. The aim of the present study was to determine the number and location of these structures and to make measurements of them. The archived Multidetector Computed Tomography images of 100 adult (15- to 70-year-old) patients were evaluated retrospectively. The diameters of the mental foramens and their distances from the front, back, upper and lower reference points were measured. The distribution of mental foramens with respect to the teeth was also researched. The presence of lingual vascular canals, and the number of median and lateral canals was determined, and the length of the median lingual vascular canals measured. All measurement parameters were analyzed by gender, side and age group. Eleven patients demonstrated a total of 15 accessory mental foramen. Median lingual vascular canals were observed in 100% of cases, with lateral lingual vascular canals determined in 32%. Significant differences were observed in the results of different gender groups (P < 0.05); in contrast, no significant difference was observed related with age or side. Accessory mental foramen was determined mostly in males, and unilaterally on the right side; also, the distances of mental foramen, except the distance from the back border of the mandible (P < 0.05), were found to be higher, bilaterally, in males. Variation of mental foramen, as well as the presence, position and size of lingual vascular canals can be clearly investigated by multidetector computed tomography. A preoperative knowledge of the positions of neurovascular and bone structures is very important for preventing complications that may occur during or after operations.Öğe The motor branches of median and ulnar nerves that innervate superficial flexor muscles: a study in human fetuses(SPRINGER FRANCE, 2010) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Karabulut, Ahmet Kagan; Fazliogullari, ZelihaWe aimed to describe the distribution of the motor branches of the median and ulnar nerves that innervate the superficial flexor muscles in detail, as well as to determine any communication between these two nerves in a series of 100 human fetuses. This study was performed on 200 upper limbs from 100 fetuses. However, the motor branches of the median nerve were determined on 50 upper limbs because of the developmental properties of medial epicondylar muscles. The motor branch, which innervates the pronator teres, is classified into two types and four subtypes. The flexor carpi radialis branch arose as a single branch in 30% of the cases. The innervation of the flexor digitorum superficialis was also performed by a single muscular branch in 88% of the cases and by two branches in 12% of the cases. The ulnar nerve was classified into two types according to the number of muscular branches in the forearm. Martin-Gruber anastomosis was observed in 7.5% of the cases. These results show differences from classical definitions regarding the muscular branching patterns of the median and ulnar nerves. We suggest revisiting the classical descriptions of innervation patterns of pronator teres, palmaris longus and flexor carpi radialis muscles, since the variations observed in their innervation patterns are more diverse than has been described.Öğe Unilateral Variations of Vessels and Nerves in the Neck(SOC CHILENA ANATOMIA, 2010) Unver Dogan, Nadire; Cicekcibasi, Aynur Emine; Fazliogullari, Zeliha; Yilmaz, Mehmet Tugrul; Uysal, Ismihan Ilknur; Salbacak, AhmetVariations of vessels and nerves in the left neck side, of 65 year old male cadaver, during the routine dissections, were detected. It was observed that the linguofacial trunk originated from external carotid artery and that the ascending pharyngeal artery originated from the occipital artery. It was determined that after the laryngeopharyngeales rami originated from the superior cervical ganglion, the branch wound around the origin of the superior thyroid artery. As an additional variation, the internal jugular vein divided. The cervical ansa and the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle passed through the parts of the vein. We think that these type of variation can entail important difficulties during radiologic and surgical procedures of the neck region. To know these anatomical variations, is important for the anatomist and surgeons.
