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    Amelioration of radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy by beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine: results of an experimental study
    (SPRINGER, 2013) Yavaş, Çağdaş; Yavaş, Güler; Acar, Hilal; Toy, Hatice; Yüce, Deniz; Akyürek, Serap; Ata, Özlem
    We aimed to evaluate the effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate, l-glutamine, and l-arginine (HMB/Glu/Arg) on radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy in the oral mucosa. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups. group (G) 1 was defined as control group, and G2 was the radiation therapy (RT) group. G3 and G4 were HMB/Glu/Arg control and 17 Gy RT plus HMB/Glu/Arg groups, respectively. A single dose of 17 Gy RT was given to the head and neck area, and the active supplement consisting of 5.2 g of HMB, 29.6 g arginine, and 29.6 g of glutamine which was equivalent to 60 kg adult dose was calculated for each rat and administrated orally. HMB/Glu/Arg started from the day of RT and continued until the animals were sacrificed 7 days after the RT. The extent of acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy for each rat was quantified with image analysis of histological sections of the oral mucosa. There were significant differences in terms of epithelial thickness, subepithelial edema, inflammation, and congestion between all groups (p values were < 0.001, 0.003, < 0.001, and 0.001 for each parameter, respectively). Using HMB/Glu/Arg alone led to hypertrophic changes in the epithelial layer. Moreover, when used with RT, HMB/Glu/Arg reversed radiation-induced epithelial atrophy (p, 0.006) and decreased radiation-induced inflammation at a significant level (p, 0.007). Concomitant use of HMB/Glu/Arg appears to ameliorate the radiation-induced acute inflammation and mucosal atrophy which represent the early phase of acute oral mucositis; however, this finding should be clarified with further clinical studies.
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    Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl-Butyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine supplementation improves Radiation-Induce acute intestinal toxicity
    (Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2019) Yavaş, Çağdaş; Yavaş, Güler; Çelik, Esin; Büyükyörük, Ahmet; Büyükyörük, Cennet; Yüce, Deniz; Ata, Özlem
    We aimed to evaluate effects of ?-hydroxy-?-methylbutyrate, L-glutamine, and L-arginine (HMB/GLN/ARG) on radiation-induced acute intestinal toxicity. Forty rats were divided into four groups: group (G) 1 was defined as control group, and G2 was radiation therapy (RT) control group. G3 and G4 were HMB/GLN/ARG control and RT plus HMB/GLN/ARG groups, respectively. HMB/GLN/ARG started from day of RT and continued until the animals were sacrificed 10 days after RT. The extent of surface epithelium smoothing, villous atrophy, lamina propria inflammation, cryptitis, crypt distortion, regenerative atypia, vascular dilatation and congestion, and fibrosis were quantified on histological sections of intestinal mucosa. Statistical analyses were performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. There were significant differences between study groups regarding extent of surface epithelium smoothing, villous atrophy, lamina propria inflammation, cryptitis and crypt distortion, regenerative atypia, vascular dilatation and congestion, and fibrosis (p values were 0.019 for fibrosis, <.001 for the others). Pair-wise comparisons revealed significant differences regarding surface epithelium smoothing, villous atrophy, lamina propria inflammation, cryptitis, vascular dilatation, and congestion between G2 and G4 (p values were <.001,.033, <.001,.007, and <.001, respectively). Fibrosis score was significantly different only between G1 and G2 (p =.015). Immunohistochemical TGF-? score of G2 was significantly higher than G1 and G3 (p values were.006 and.017, respectively). There was no difference between TGF-? staining scores of G2 and G4. Concomitant use of HMB/GLN/ARG appears to ameliorate radiation-induced acute intestinal toxicity; however, this finding should be clarified with further studies. © 2018, © 2018 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.