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    Effect of Musical Training on Auditory Event Related Potentials N200 (Mismatch Negativity) and P300
    (ORTADOGU AD PRES & PUBL CO, 2009) Genc, Emine; Yagisan, Nihan; Dogan, Ebru Apaydin; Genc, Bulent Oguz
    Objective: Studies with endogenous event related potentials, demonstrated that musical training influenced auditory brain functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether auditory event related potentials (ERPs)-mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300-differ between musically trained and musically lay subjects. Material and Methods: MMN and P300 were recorded in 19 musically trained (mean age 20.2 +/- 2.38 years) and in 17 musically lay subjects (20.76 +/- 1.75 years) using an "oddball paradigm". 20% of stimuli were rare (target) tones of 2000 Hz, whereas the remainder was frequent (non-target) tones of 1000 Hz. Subjects were instructed to press a button when they encountered the rare stimuli. Latencies and amplitudes of auditory MMN and P300 responses obtained from musically trained subjects were compared to those obtained from musically lay subjects. Results: In musically trained subjects, MMN latencies were significantly decreased while MMN amplitudes did not differ between the 2 groups. P300 latencies and amplitudes did not differ between musically trained and musically lay subjects. Conclusion: Decreased latencies of MMN in musically trained subjects suggest that musical training might influence pre-attentive auditory processing and auditory sensory memory mechanisms can be modulated by musical experience. It is possible that electrophysiological responses obtained from musicians reflect structural adaptations in response to long term music training.
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    The effects of music on achievement, attitude and retention in primary school English lessons
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2013) Koksal, Onur; Yagisan, Nihan; Cekic, Ahmet
    The aim of this study is to determine the effect of teaching English vocabulary to 5th graders through music on their achievement in vocabulary, attitudes towards English course and retention of new words. While the students in the experimental group (n= 28) were taught new vocabulary in the English syllabus through songs composed by the researchers, the students in the control group (n= 28) were taught new vocabulary using the methods in the current English education program. The study was implemented for 12 weeks. At the end of the study, English Vocabulary Test developed by Koksal (2012) and attitude scale towards English course were administrated. A month later English Vocabulary Test was given to the students again as a retention test and data obtained were statistically analyzed. The experimental group in which music was utilized outscored the students in the control group both on the English Vocabulary test and English Vocabulary Retention test and also on the attitude scale. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Motion Analysis of the Upper Right Limb Movements in the Bowing Arm of Violinists Through a Digital Photogrammetric Method
    (SCIENCE & MEDICINE INC, 2009) Yagisan, Nihan; Karabork, Hakan; Goktepe, Ayhan; Karalezli, Nazim
    Violin is one of the most widely taught string instruments in the world. The positions of the right tipper arm, elbow, and wrist and the vertical inclinations of the arm and forearm differ among violin players. The objective of this study was to measure the angular changes in the wrist and elbow joints, as well as the vertical inclinations of the arm, forearm, and hand, which are active in basic bow drives in violin playing, by using digital photogrammetric methods. In this way, we could determine the angular changes of the joints during bow drives, allowing Lis to incorporate this information into reaching proper bow techniques as well as preventing possible problems due to excessive force. This study involved nine Male University violin players. Certain anatomic areas were marked oil the players for measurement. The wrist and elbow joints of the right upper extremity were filmed on a calibrated test field using a metric camera, and images were transferred to the computer for photogrammetric evaluation using Pictran software (Technet GmbH, Germany). The angles of the elbow and wrist as well as the vertical inclinations of the arm, forearm, and hand of the right arm were ascertained from these marks on the photographs. The study showed that there are significant interindividual differences in the angular changes and inclinations on the E string and in the vertical inclinations on all strings among the different players. Med Probl Perform Art 2009; 24: 181-184.