Yazar "Yalcin, S." seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 13 / 13
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe DETERMINATION OF MICROBIAL CONTAMINATION, PH AND TEMPERATURE CHANGES IN SHEEP AND CATTLE CARCASSES DURING THE SLAUGHTER AND PRE-COOLING PROCESSES IN KONYA, TURKEY(CHIRIOTTI EDITORI, 2018) Gurbuz, U.; Telli, A. E.; Kahraman, H. A.; Balpetekkulcu, D.; Yalcin, S.This study was conducted to determine microbial contamination, pH and internal temperature changes in sheep and cattle carcasses during slaughter and chilling stages. Samples were analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp. and Enterobacteriaceae and aerobic colony counts (ACC) were performed. Air sampling was also performed in slaughtering areas and chilling rooms. Mean values of ACCs were between 2.57 +/- 0.61 and 4.71 +/- 0.24 log CFU/cm(2) and between 3.51 +/- 0.48 and 5.19 +/- 0.28 log CFU/cm(2), whereas Enterobacteriaceae counts were between 0.89 +/- 0.46 and 2.61 +/- 0.10 log CFU/cm(2) and between 0.55 +/- 0.37 and 3.63 +/- 0.39 log CFU/cm(2) in cattle and sheep carcasses, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae contamination in the shoulder region of cattle carcasses after washing, Enterobacteriaceae contamination in all regions in sheep carcasses after chilling and ACC in the shoulder region of sheep carcasses after chilling all exceeded the limits of EC regulation (EC No 2073/2005).Öğe Differences in egg nutrient availability and embryo development in white layer breeder genotypes(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2017) Onbasilar, E. E.; Kahraman, M.; Ahlat, O.; Gungor, O. F.; Calik, A.; Taban, S.; Yalcin, S.Because of consumers' preferences and also due to changes in production systems, the importance of pure breeds has increased again. There are a lot of differences among breeds which have been studied extensively, however, the differences during the incubation period are not yet fully known. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the composition of the egg parts, absorption of nutrients, and development of embryos from different genotypes. A total of 354 fresh hatching eggs were obtained from one hybrid (Lohman White, LW) and two pure breeds (Denizli and Gerze). Hatching eggs from each genotype were examined on the day of setting for egg analysis and then at the beginning of the embryonic d 19 (E19) and embryonic d 21 (E21) for egg, embryo, jejunum, and tibia analysis. On d 21 of incubation, the healthy chicks were removed and weighed. Egg weight, shell thickness, percentages of albumen, and some parameters of albumen composition (dry matter, water, ash, protein, energy, Na, Ca, K, and Mg) were higher in fresh eggs obtained from LW hens. Furthermore, the relative yolk sac and embryo weight, some yolk parameters (dry matter, water, protein, fat, and energy) and some shell parameters (dry matter, ash, Na, Ca, and K) were also higher in eggs obtained from LW hens during incubation. However, tibia deformation and villus width were lower in LW embryos than the other genotypes. Relative chick weights were 68.9, 72.0, and 68.0% in LW, Denizli, and Gerze genotypes, respectively. During incubation, differences in all examined parameters were significant except thickness and weight of shell, tibia deformation, and crypt depth. Yolk sac weight, some yolk composition parameters, K level in the shell, Cu level in the tibia, and villus height were also affected by genotype and period interaction. Based on these results, LW was found advantageous in terms of egg composition, however, regarding villus development and tibia deformation in embryos during incubation, pure breeds showed better results.Öğe Effects of breeder age on mineral contents and weight of yolk sac, embryo development, and hatchability in Pekin ducks(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2014) Onbasilar, E. E.; Erdem, E.; Hacan, O.; Yalcin, S.The current study was carried out to investigate the effects of breeder age on egg composition, changes of embryo, yolk sac, and yolk minerals during incubation and hatchability in Pekin ducks. A total of 495 freshly laid eggs were obtained from the same flock of Pekin ducks, aged 28, 34, and 40 wk, and were reared in accordance with the management guide of the duck breeders (Star 53-Grimaud Freres). At each breeder age, egg measurements were made on a random subsample of unincubated eggs. Embryo and yolk sac measurements were made on embryonic day (E) 12, E16, E20, and E25. On d 28 of incubation, the healthy ducklings were removed and sex of chicks was determined. All chicks were weighed and hatching results were determined. Egg weight and yolk percentages increased; however, albumen percentages, shell thickness, and yolk index decreased as the flock aged. Shell percentages, shell breaking strength, albumen index, and haugh units were not affected by breeder age. Also, breeder age affected the Mg, P, K, Ca, Cu, and Zn levels in the yolk, except for Na level on day of setting, and breeder age affected the mineral consumed by embryo during incubation. However, on E25, the levels of examined minerals, except for P level in the yolk sac, were not statistically different in duck breeder age groups. Relative yolk sac and embryo weights of eggs obtained from different breeder ages varied from E16 to E25; however, embryo length was different in breeder age groups from E12 to E20. Hatching weight was affected by breeder age and sex. Hatching results were not different among breeder age groups. This study indicates that breeder age is important for some egg characteristics, relative yolk sac weight, some contents of minerals in the yolk, embryonic growth during incubation, and duckling weight.Öğe The effects of dietary glycerol on growth and laying performance, egg traits and some blood biochemical parameters in quails(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2009) Erol, H.; Yalcin, S.; Midilli, M.; Yalcin, S.This study was designed to investigate the effects of different closes of glycerol from biodiesel production added to diets oil growth and laying performance, egg traits and some blood biochemical parameters in laying quails. A total of 425 (Coturnix coturnix japonica) quails, 10 weeks old, were randomly allotted into 5 groups of 85 birds each and glycerol was administered at the doses of 0 (control group), 25, 50 75 and 100 g/kg of diets during the 18 weeks long experimental period. The dietary glycerol treatment has not increased the mortality rate and has not significantly affected the growth and the laying parameters (body weight gain. food Consumption and efficiency. egg production aid weight). Only the highest glycerol dose has significantly altered the egg quality by decreasing the albumen height, the albumen index and the Haugh unit (P < 0.001) and increasing the yolk cholesterol content (P < 0.05). Furthermore. even if only a significant decrease of the stearic acid was evidenced (P < 0.05), the yolk composition in fatty acids appeared to he relatively modified with slight increases of sonic minor saturated acids, of the 2 monounsaturated C16:1 and C18:1 acids and of all polyunsaturated acids and decreases of the majority of monounsaturated acids, Under glycerol supplementation. In addition, except for the lowest dose, the serum triglyceride concentrations were significantly depressed (P < 0.001) and the serum ALT activities were also significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in birds receiving 50 or 100 g/kg glycerol in diets. These results suggest that. contrary to the highest dose, glycerol up to 75 g/kg in diets did not adversely affect the performance of laying quails and the egg quality and would be used as an alternative energy source.Öğe Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, some blood characteristics and antibody production of laying hens(ELSEVIER, 2012) Yalcin, S.; Yalcin, S.; Uzunoglu, K.; Duyum, H. M.; Eltan, O.This study was designed to determine the effects of using yeast autolysate and black cumin seed in laying hen diets on laying performance, egg traits, some blood characteristics and antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). A total of 112 Brown Nick laying hens, 23 wks of age, were allocated to one of 4 diet groups in 2 levels of yeast autolysate (0 and 2 g/kg, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. InteWall) and 2 levels of black cumin seed (0 and 15 g/kg, Nigella sativa L) for 18 wks according to a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Each group was divided into 7 replicates of 4 hens each. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Dietary treatments did not affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, mortality, excreta moisture, interior and exterior egg quality characteristics, egg yolk triglyceride or yolk malondialdehyde concentration. Yeast autolysate supplementation improved (P<0.05) egg weight and feed efficiency but the usage of black cumin seed in the diets decreased (P<0.05) egg weight. Dietary yeast autolysate or black cumin seed decreased egg yolk cholesterol level, blood serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride and aspartate amino transferase (AST) and increased blood serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and antibody titers to SRBC. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) to saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased with black cumin seed. It is concluded that 2 g/kg yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or 15 g/kg black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L) had beneficial effects on egg cholesterol content and humoral immune response. The usage of yeast autolysate also improved egg weight and feed efficiency. The significant interactions were found in egg yolk cholesterol and anti SRBC titer between the usage of yeast autolysate and black cumin seed. (C) 2012 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of dietary yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on performance, carcass and gut characteristics, blood profile, and antibody production to sheep red blood cells in broilers(OXFORD UNIV PRESS, 2013) Yalcin, S.; Eser, H.; Yalcin, S.; Cengiz, S.; Eltan, O.This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary yeast autolysate on performance, carcass and gut traits, blood parameters, and humoral immune response of broilers. A total of 175 day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allocated into one control group and 4 treatment groups each containing 5 replicate groups of 7 chicks. A basal diet was supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 g/kg of yeast autolysate (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, InteWall) to generate dietary treatments. The experimental period lasted 42 d. Supplemental yeast autolysate improved live weight gain (P < 0.01) and feed conversion (P < 0.001) during the starter period (1 to 21 d). Cumulative FCR was decreased (P < 0.05) during the overall period (1 to 42 d) with 2 and 3 g/kg of yeast autolysate supplementation when compared with the control diet. There were no dietary effects on final live weight, feed intake, excreta pH, excreta moisture, carcass yield, and the relative weight of gizzard, liver, heart, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, and the intestinal weights. Yeast autolysate supplementation decreased relative weight of abdominal fat (P < 0.001) and Escherichia coli count of the digesta (P < 0.01) and increased antibody titers to SRBC (P < 0.001). The pH of jejunal and ileal digesta was decreased at the 2, 3, and 4 g/kg of yeast autolysate supplementation compared with that of birds fed the control diet (P < 0.001). Dietary treatments did not significantly affect blood serum levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, protein, uric acid, aspartate amino transferase, and alanine amino transferase. It was concluded that the dietary supplementation at the level of 2 and 3 g/kg of yeast autolysate was an effective feed additive in broiler feeding because of the increased growth performance, increased immunocompetence, and the reduction of E. coli colonization in the intestine.Öğe Effects of early feed restriction on live performance, carcass characteristics, meat and liver composition, some blood parameters, heterophil-lymphocyte ratio, antibody production and tonic immobility duration(SPRINGER, 2009) Onbasilar, E. E.; Yalcin, S.; Torlak, E.; Ozdemir, P.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of early feed restriction on performance, carcass characteristics, meat and liver composition, some blood parameters, H-L ratio, antibody titers against SRBC and tonic immobility duration in broilers. One hundred ninety male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated into two treatment groups each of 95 chicks. Broilers in one treatment fed ad libitum until 42 day of age, however in other treatment, broilers were deprived of feed for 4 h per day from 7 to 21 day. Body weight, feed consumption, feed to gain ratio, carcass characteristics and the percentage of examined organs except heart were not statistically significant in groups. Percentage of heart was higher (p < 0.05) in broilers fed ad libitum. At 41 d of age, H-L ratio (p < 0.05) and TI duration (p = 0.001) were higher, serum glucose (p < 0.05) and triglyceride (p < 0.001) levels were lower in broilers fed ad libitum. Chemical composition of breast and thigh and also fat and ash of liver were not affected by early feed restriction. Moisture of liver (p = 0.001) was lower and protein of liver (p < 0.01) was higher in broilers fed ad libitum.Öğe Effects of hen production cycle and egg weight on egg quality and composition, hatchability, duckling quality, and first-week body weight in Pekin ducks(POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC, 2011) OnbaSilar, E. E.; Erdem, E.; Poyraz, O.; Yalcin, S.This study was conducted to determine the effect of hen production cycle (HPC) and the effect of egg weight (EW) at the same egg production level on egg quality, egg composition, hatchability, duckling quality, and first-week BW in Pekin ducks. For HPC, hatching eggs were obtained from different Pekin-duck breeder flocks, aged 31 wk for the first production cycle (HPC1) and 78 wk for the second production cycle (HPC2). For EW, there were 3 categories: heavy (H), medium (M), and light (L). Ten eggs from each HPC and EW group were analyzed for the determination of egg quality, and albumen and yolk compositions. Ninety eggs from each HPC and EW group were incubated for the determination of hatchability, and duckling weight and quality. After quality scoring, 20 ducklings (10 male and 10 female) from each group were weighed, and reared to 1 wk of age in a brooder machine to determine relative growth (RG). The results showed that the albumen index; Haugh unit; shell percentage; yolk moisture, ash, protein, lipids, and triglycerides; albumen moisture, ash, and protein; yolk fatty acid contents; hatching weight; duckling weights at 1 wk of age; and RG were significantly affected by HPC. Egg weight affected shell thickness, yolk and albumen indices, Haugh unit, yolk and albumen percentages, yolk to albumen ratio, shell percentage, yolk fatty acid content, hatching weight, duckling weight at 1 wk of age, and RG.Öğe Effects of the usage of dried brewing yeast in the diets on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters in quails(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2008) Yalcin, S.; Erol, H.; Oezsoy, B.; Onbasilar, I.; Yalcin, S.This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of the usage of dried brewing yeast in quail diets on laying performance, egg traits and blood parameters. A total of 240 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 10 weeks were randomly allocated into one control group and three treatment groups. Each group was divided into five replicates as subgroups, comprising 12 quails each. Dried brewing yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was used at the levels of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. Soyabean meal was replaced with dried brewing yeast. The diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. The experimental period lasted 18 weeks. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, daily feed intake, daily protein intake, egg production, egg weight, feed efficiency, mortality, egg shell thickness, egg albumen index, egg yolk index, egg Haugh unit, the percentages of egg shell albumen and yolk, excreta moisture and small intestinal pH. Inclusion of 3% and 4.5% dried brewing yeast in diets reduced egg yolk cholesterol concentration as mg per yolk and mg per g yolk (P < 0.01). Blood serum cholesterol of groups fed diets with dried brewing yeast was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of the control group. Feeding diets containing 3.0% and 4.5% dried brewing yeast resulted in significant increases (P < 0.01) in blood serum levels of total protein, alanine aminotransferase at the end of the experiment. Blood serum levels of uric acid, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransterase and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by dietary dried brewing yeast. It is concluded that dried brewing yeast can be used up to 4.5% in the diets of laying quails without adverse effects on the measured parameters.Öğe Fattening performance and meat quality of Pekin ducks under different rearing systems(CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS, 2018) Onbasilar, E. E.; Yalcin, S.Pekin ducks are easily reared in a wide range of conditions. As waterfowl, the growth, digestive system and visual perception of Pekin ducks are different to chickens. Generally, ducks are raised for meat production. The fat content as well as the myoglobin and haemoglobin content of duck meat are higher than that of chicken meat. In duck rearing, both the fattening performance and the quality of meat are important from the consumer's and the producer's point of view. Different rearing systems are used for ducks which affect the welfare, fattening performance, quality of meat and economics of the products. The aim of this review is to discuss the effects of different rearing systems used for Pekin ducks on fattening performance and quality of meat.Öğe The nutritive value of modified dried vinasse (Pro Mass) and its effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some blood biochemical parameters in steers(ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2010) Yalcin, S.; Eltan, Oe; Karsli, M. A.; Yalcin, S.This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and rumen degradability characteristics of modified dried vinasse (ProMass) originating from bakers yeast production and to investigate its effects on steer performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters. This additive compound with an elevated metabolizable energy (2 800 kcal/g) contained a marked proportion of crude proteins which were remarkably rich in glutamic acid. The degradation of dry matter and organic matter measured in rumens from 4 crossed sheep was very high (about 900 g/kg) during the first 4 hours and the ProMass crude protein was markedly soluble. Forty-five steers were randomly allotted in 3 equal groups according to the mixed diet regimen (concentrates plus forage): concentrates supplemented with 40 g/kg or 80 g/kg ProMass were distributed to assay groups for 24 weeks whereas one group was not supplemented and served as negative control. Growth performance and food efficiency was slightly increased but not significantly in supplemented steers and faecal moisture and serum biochemical profiles (urea, protein and cholesterol concentrations and AST, ALT and ALP activities) were unchanged compared to controls. ProMass supplementation has induced significant reductions of the heart and pelvic fat weights whereas the dressing percentages and the other carcass characteristics remained unaffected. These results showed that ProMass supplies highly soluble proteins, can be included in the steer ration up to 80 g/kg without adverse effects and would promote fat utilization.Öğe Sepiolite as a feed supplement for broilers(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Yalcin, S.; Yalcin, S.; Gebes, E. S.; Sahin, A.; Duyum, H. M.; Escribano, F.; Ceylan, A.This study was planned to determine the importance of sepiolite in broiler nutrition. For this purpose a total of 180 Ross 308 male broiler chicks aged one day were used. One control group and two treatment groups were designed for 6 weeks of experimental period. Each group was divided into 10 replicates of 6 chicks each in pens. Sepiolite (Exal T (R), Tolsa Turkey) was added at the level of 0, 1 and 2% to the diets of control group and the first and the second treatment groups as topdressed, respectively. Sepiolite supplementation at the level of 1% improved final body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency. Dietary treatments did not affect feed intake, gut pH, carcass yield, relative weight of the liver, kidney, spleen, bursa of Fabricius and carcass parts, footpad score, excreta and litter characteristics. Tibia characteristics, blood parameters and breast meat characteristics were not affected by the usage of sepiolite. Relative weight of the abdominal fat and ileal digesta viscosity were reduced and duodenal villus height, ileal digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and crude protein was increased with the usage of 1% sepiolite. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with 1% sepiolite was an effective feed additive for broiler feeding due to its beneficial effects on growth performance, abdominal fat percentage, ileal digesta viscosity, duodenal villus height and ileal digestibility.Öğe Yeast Culture Supplementation to Laying Hen Diets Containing Soybean Meal or Sunflower Seed Meal and Its Effect on Performance, Egg Quality Traits, and Blood Chemistry(POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC, 2008) Yalcin, S.; Oezsoy, B.; Erol, H.; Yalcin, S.This study was designed to investigate the effects of yeast culture supplementation to laying hen diets containing 2 oilseed meals on performance, egg traits, and some blood parameters. A total of 180 Lohmann Brown laying hens 21 wk of age were allocated to 4 dietary treatments and fed for 16 wk. Two different basal diets were prepared; one contained soybean meal and the other contained sunflower seed meal. Both of the basal diets were supplemented with 0 and 2 g/kg commercial yeast culture product (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Yeast culture supplementation to diets containing either oilseed meal did not significantly affect feed intake, hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, interior and exterior egg quality characteristics, serum levels of total protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Body weight gain (P < 0.05), egg weight (P < 0.001), and serum uric acid (P < 0.05) were increased with yeast culture supplementation. The reduction in egg yolk cholesterol was significant (P < 0.001) in the groups fed yeast-supplemented diets. The results in this study demonstrated that yeast culture supplementation to the diets containing soybean meal or sunflower seed meal increased egg weight and decreased egg yolk cholesterol without affecting performance and egg traits, but serum uric acid concentration was increased.
