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Öğe ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND DENTAL CARIES IN TURKISH SCHOOL CHILDREN(NATL INST PUBLIC HEALTH, 2011) Koksal, Eda; Tekcicek, Meryem; Yalcin, Siddika Songul; Tugrul, Belma; Yalcin, Suzan; Pekcan, GuldenAim: To evaluate the association between anthropometric measurements and dental caries in school children. Methods: The study was conducted on 245 primary school children (50.2% boys, 49.8% girls,), aged 5 to 9 years. The prevalence and severity of dental caries was measured using the decayed, missing or filled surfaces (dmfs, DMFS) and teeth (dmft, DMFT) indices. Results: Mean dmft indices in children for boys and girls were 5.5 +/- 3.92 and 5.0 +/- 3.64, respectively. The prevalence of children with dental caries (dmft >= 1) was 84.9%. The prevalence of children with body mass index (BMI) <-1 SD and >=+1SD was 15.9% and 22.9%, respectively. Dental caries were found in 89.7% of children with low body weight (including underweight and at risk for underweight) and in 66.1% of overweight-obese children (p<0.05). Similarly, high indices were detected significantly more often in children with low body weight (p<0.05). Height, weight, BMI and percent of fat mass were found to be negatively correlated with dmft indices (r:-0.141, p: 0.028; r:-0.171, p: 0.007; r:-0.139, p: 0.030; r:-0.158, p: 0.013, respectively). Conclusion: Children with low body weight have a higher risk of developing dental caries than overweight-obese children. For these reasons, the evaluation of nutritional status in children should be implemented in control programs for dental caries both on the community and individual levels.Öğe Determinants of continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months in Turkey: secondary data analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey(TURKISH J PEDIATRICS, 2014) Yalcin, S. Songul; Yalcin, Suzan; Kurtulus-Yigit, ElifContinued breastfeeding at year 1 is one of the core indicators for assessing global infant and young child feeding practices. The study aims to determine the frequency of breastfeeding after 12 months (long-term breastfeeding) according to a number of infant and maternal characteristics and to investigate the effects of long-term breastfeeding on the nutritional habits and growth status of children as seen in the national data. The sample included 1666 children aged 12 to 35 months from the 2003 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Only 55.9% of children were breastfed beyond 12 months. The rates of long-term breastfeeding were higher in the presence of the following characteristics: high birth order, long preceding birth interval, religious marriage ceremony, usage of traditional contraceptive methods, mothers aged 30-34 years and overweight mothers. Rates were lower for mothers with tobacco exposure and for bottle-fed infants. Long-term breastfeeding did not affect the consumption of plain yogurt, solid foods and semi-solid foods; however, it was associated with a decreased intake of bottled milk and fruit juice. The rates of long-term breastfeeding were similar in the case of undernourished children and of those with normal growth status. Long-term breastfeeding was related to certain maternal and infant characteristics; however, it did not affect the consumption of complementary food. Breastfeeding promotion programs should include targeted interventions for younger, primiparous and smoking mothers.Öğe Determinants of Exclusive Breast Feeding in sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Approach(WILEY, 2016) Yalcin, Siddika Songul; Berde, Anselm S.; Yalcin, SuzanBackground: The study aimed to provide an overall picture of the general pattern of exclusive breast feeding (EBF) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) by examining maternal sociodemographic, antenatal and postnatal factors associated with EBF in the region, as well as explore countries variations in EBF rates. Methods: We utilised cross-sectional data from the Demographic Health Surveys in 27 SSA countries. Our study sample included 25 084 infants under 6 months of age. The key outcome variable was EBF in the last 24 h. Due to the hierarchical structure of the data, a multilevel logistic regression model was used to explore factors associated with EBF. Results: The overall prevalence of EBF in SSA was 36.0%, the prevalence was highest in Rwanda and lowest in Gabon. In the multilevel regression model, factors that were associated with increased likelihood of EBF included secondary and above maternal education, mothers within the ages of 25-34 years, rural residence, richer household wealth quantile, 4+ antenatal care visit, delivering in a health facility, singleton births, female infants, early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF), and younger infants. However, countries with higher gross national income per capita had lower EBF rates. Conclusions: To achieve a substantial increase in EBF rates in SSA, breast-feeding interventions and policies should target all women but with more emphasis to mothers with younger age, low educational status, urban residence, poor status, multiple births, and male infants. In addition, there is a need to promote antenatal care utilisation, hospital deliveries, and EIBF.Öğe Effect of tween 80 on conjugated linoleic acid production by lactobacillus strains in reconstituted skim milk powder(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2016) Torlak, Emrah; Yalcin, Suzan; Erci, FatihIn this study, three conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing strains of Lactobacillus were cultured up to 36 in reconstituted skim milk powder (10%) supplemented with 2000 mu g/ml of free linoleic acid (LA) and various concentrations of Tween 80. During the incubation, total CLA levels in the culture supernatants were determined by UV-spectrophotometry. The CLA levels significantly (P<0.05) increased with the addition of 5 and 20 mg/ml Tween 80. However, increasing Tween 80 concentration from 20 to 40 mg/ml did not appear to enhance CLA levels. Similar increase patterns were observed in the growth rate and CLA production of Lactobacillus strains during the incubation.Öğe Effects of brooder machine rearing method in the first week on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters of Pekin ducks(ANKARA UNIV PRESS, 2015) Erdem, Evren; Onbasilar, Esin Ebru; Kocakaya, Afsin; Yalcin, SuzanThe aim of this study is to determine effects of brooder machine rearing method in the first week on fattening performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and some blood parameters of male and female Pekin ducks. A total of 120 (60 male and 60 female) ducklings were used in the research. Each sex group was randomly allocated into two rearing methods. In the first group (brooder machine), ducklings were arranged in the brooder machine from 1 to 7 d then reared on the deep litter floor until day 42. In the second group (litter/control), ducklings were reared on the deep litter floor from the day 1 to the day 42 of the fattening period. At the day 41 of the fattening period, 5 ducks from each sex and rearing groups were randomly selected and bled. At the day 42 of the fattening period all ducklings were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse. Hot carcass yield, organ weights and carcass characteristics were determined. Also pH, ash, fat and crude protein were determined in the breast and thigh muscles. Total body weight gain, hot carcass yield and breast percentage of ducks reared on the litter group (control group) were significantly (P<0.01; P<0.001; P<0.05) higher than those of ducks reared in the brooder machine group. Thigh fat content and breast fat content were affected by first week rearing method and these traits were higher (P<0.01) in the litter group (control group) than the brooder machine group. Only creatinin kinase level in the examined blood parameters of ducks was higher in the group reared on the litter (P<0.05). Sex affected the hatching weight, body weight gain from 1 to 42 d, feed intake from 1 to 42 d, ash of thigh meat and also ash and crude protein of breat meat (P<0.01). In conclusion, the fattening performance, hot carcass yield and percentage of breast of the pekin ducks were positively affected by the litter floor in the first week.Öğe Effects of dietary black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2009) Yalcin, Sakine; Yalcin, Suzan; Erol, Handan; Bugdayci, K. Emre; Ozsoy, Buelent; Cakir, SerkanBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary black cumin seed on performance, egg traits, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition in laying hens during a 12 week period. For this purpose a total of 160 Lohmann Brown laying hens 36 weeks of age were allocated to four dietary treatments with one control group and three treatment groups. Black cumin seed (Nigella sativa L.) was used at the level of 5, 10 and 15 g kg(-1) in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. RESULTS: Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg quality characteristics and blood parameters. Diets containing 10 and 15 g kg(-1) black cumin seed increased egg weight (P < 0.01), improved feed efficiency (P < 0.01) and decreased egg yolk cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (% of total fatty acid methyl esters) and the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.05) compared to the diet of control group. CONCLUSION: Dietary black cumin seed at the level of 10 and 15 g kg(-1) had beneficial effects on egg weight, feed efficiency, egg cholesterol content and egg yolk fatty acid composition. Therefore it can be used at the level of 10 and 15 g kg(-1) in the diets of laying hens. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical IndustryÖğe Effects of dietary dried baker's yeast on the performance, egg traits and blood parameters in laying quails(SPRINGER, 2009) Yalcin, Sakine; Oguz, Fatma; Gueclue, Berrin; Yalcin, SuzanThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary dried baker's yeast on laying performance, egg traits and some blood parameters of quails. In the experiment a total of 342 Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged ten weeks were equally divided into six groups of 57 (three replicates of 19 quails each). Six levels (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%) of dried baker's yeast were included in isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. The experimental period lasted 14 weeks. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences among the groups in body weight, feed intake, protein intake, egg production, feed efficiency, egg yolk index and egg haugh unit. Blood serum levels of total protein, triglyceride and cholesterol were not affected by dietary dried baker's yeast. Diets containing 4 and 8% of dried baker's yeast increased the egg weight significantly (p < 0.01). The inclusion of dried baker's yeast at the level of 20% to the diets reduced egg shell thickness and egg albumen height. It is concluded that dried baker's yeast can be used up to 16% in the diets of laying quails without adverse effects on the measured parameters.Öğe Effects of dietary inactive yeast and live yeast on performance, egg quality traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to srbc of laying hens(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2015) Yalcin, Sakine; Yalcin, Suzan; Sahin, Aydin; Duyum, Hayrettin M.; Calik, Ali; Gumus, HidirThis study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary inactive yeast and live yeast on performance, egg quality traits, some blood parameters and antibody production to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) of laying hens during 16 weeks. A total of 96 Hyline Brown laying hens were allocated into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 24 hens. Each group had six replicate groups of 4 hens. A basal diet was supplemented with 1 g/kg inactive yeast (yeast autolysate, InteWall, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), 0.5 g/kg live yeast (InteSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and 1 g/kg inactive yeast + 0.5 g/kg live yeast in the diets of the first, second and third treatment groups, respectively. At the end of the study the results indicated that dietary treatments did not affect feed intake, interior and exterior egg quality characteristics. Dietary inactive yeast supplementation improved hen-day egg production (P=0.024) and feed conversion ratio (P=0.017) and decreased egg yolk cholesterol concentration (P=0.013). Antibody titers against SRBC and blood serum parameters were not affected by dietary treatments. The significant interaction was found in egg yolk cholesterol concentration (P=0.032) between inactive yeast and live yeast. As a result dietary inactive yeast at the level of 1 g/kg had beneficial effects in laying performance and in low cholesterol-egg production.Öğe Effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters in laying hens(ANKARA UNIV PRESS, 2016) Yalcin, Sakine; Eser, Handan; Onbasilar, Ilyas; Yalcin, Suzan; Karakas Oguz, FatmaThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol content and some blood parameters of laying hens during 22 weeks period. For this purpose a total of 135 Lohmann Brown laying hens, 38 weeks of age, were allocated to one control group and two treatment groups. Sepiolite was used at the level of 0, 0.5 and 1% for the diets of control group and the first and second treatment groups, respectively. Dietary sepiolite supplementation did not significantly affect feed intake, egg production, egg weight and feed conversion ratio. The values of egg breaking strength (p<0.01) and egg shell thickness (p<0.05) were increased, egg yolk cholesterol was decreased (p<0.05) by the usage of 1% sepiolite in the diet. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect egg shape index, egg albumen height, egg albumen index, egg yolk index and egg Haugh unit. Dietary sepiolite at 1% reduced cholesterol and triglyceride in serum (p<0.05) and increased total protein in serum (p<0.01). It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 1% sepiolite was effective feed additive in layer feeding due to the reduction in egg yolk cholesterol and improvement in egg shell quality.Öğe Effects of dietary yeast cell wall on performance, egg quality and humoral immune response in laying hens(ANKARA UNIV PRESS, 2014) Yalcin, Sakine; Yalcin, Suzan; Onbasilar, Ilyas; Eser, Handan; Sahin, AydinThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall (YCW) on performance, egg quality, some blood parameters and humoral immune response of laying hens during 26 wks period. For this purpose a total of 225 Hyline Brown laying hens, 39 wks of age, were allocated to one control group and four treatment groups. Basal diet was supplemented with YCW derived from bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (InteMOS) at the level of 1, 2, 3 and 4 g/kg in the diets of the first, second, third and fourth treatment groups, respectively. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect body weight, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, and egg internal and external quality characteristics. YCW supplementation at the level of 1 and 2 g/kg decreased egg yolk cholesterol level as mg per g yolk (P < 0.05). Blood serum levels of cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased with the dietary inclusion of YCW at the level of 2, 3 and 4 g/kg (P < 0.01). Dietary YCW supplementation increased antibody titres to SRBC (P < 0.01). As a result dietary YCW at the level of 1 and 2 g/kg had beneficial effects in the production of low cholesterol eggs and improvement in humoral immunity response.Öğe Effects of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, antibody production and histopathological changes in broilers(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2014) Yalcin, Sakine; Yalcin, Suzan; Eser, Handan; Sahin, Aydin; Yalcin, S. Songul; Gucer, SafakThis study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary yeast cell wall supplementation on growth performance, carcass traits, antibody production to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and histopathological changes in broilers. A total of 272 Ross 308 male broiler chicks aged one day were allocated into one control group and three treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. A basal diet was supplemented with 0, 1, 2 and 3 g/kg yeast cell wall (InteMos) to obtain dietary treatments. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Dietary yeast cell wall increased body weight gain during the first three weeks (P<0.001). Feed conversion during the first three weeks (P<0.001) and during the overall experimental period (P<0.01) were improved with the dietary supplementation of yeast cell wall. No differences were observed in feed intake, carcass yield and the relative weights of gizzard, liver and heart. Yeast cell wall supplementation decreased the relative weight of abdominal fat (P<0.05) and increased antibody titres to SRBC (P<0.01) in broilers. Control and treatment groups had similar histological grade; hepatic lobular inflammation, steatosis and cell ballooning scores and, cardiac steatosis. It is concluded that yeast cell wall was an effective feed additive in broiler feeding due to the increased growth performance, increased humoral immune response and the reduction in abdominal fat.Öğe Effects of grit supplementation to diets containing maize and barley as cereal grains on performance and slaughter characteristics in broilers(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2019) Eser, Handan; Yalcin, Sakine; Onbasilar, Ilyas; Burcak, Ender; Yalcin, SuzanThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of grit supplementation to the diets containing maize and barley as cereal grains on performance and slaughter characteristics in broilers. In the experiment, a total of 160 Ross 308 male broiler chicks were allocated to 2 experimental groups with 4 replicate pens containing 20 birds per each for 5 weeks of experimental period. Granite grit was added at the level of 0 and 0.8% to the basal diets containing barley and maize as cereal grains for control and treatment groups, respectively. Granite grit supplementation had no significant effect on final body weight and body weight gain. Feed intake during the experiment was significantly reduced by grit supplementation (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed with the feed conversion ratio. Granite grit supplementation to the diets of broilers increased the relative weight of gizzard (P=0.001) and decreased the relative weight of abdominal fat (P <0.05). Dietary treatments did not affect blood serum total cholesterol and triglyceride. In conclusion, granite grit supplementation might be used in broiler nutrition due to having increment in the relative weight of gizzard and reduction in relative weight of abdominal fat.Öğe Effects of sepiolite usage in broiler diets on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2012) Eser, Handan; Yalcin, Sakine; Yalcin, Suzan; Sehu, AdnanThis study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary sepiolite on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of broilers. A total of 204 daily Ross 308 female broiler chicks were allocated into one control group and two treatment groups each containing 68 chicks. Sepiolite was used at the level of 0%, 0.5% and 1% for the diets of control group and the first and second treatment groups, respectively. The experimental period lasted 6 weeks. Supplemental sepiolite improved body weight (P<0.01) and overall body weight gain (P<0.05). No differences were observed in feed intake, feed efficiency, carcass yield and the relative weights of gizzard, liver, heart, spleen and Bursa Fabricus among groups. The relative weight of abdominal fat and the levels of serum cholesterol and serum triglyceride were reduced with 1% sepiolite inclusion in the diet. Blood serum levels of total protein were not affected by sepiolite. It is concluded that 1% sepiolite in the diets of broiler increase body weight gain and reduce the relative weight of abdominal fat and the levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride.Öğe The Factors That Affect Milk-to-Serum Ratio for Iron During Early Lactation(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2009) Yalcin, Siddika Songuel; Baykan, Ali; Yurdakoek, Kadriye; Yalcin, Suzan; Guecues, Ali I.To determine the factors that affect milk iron content at the second week of lactation and whether the supplementation lactating mother with iron might increase breast milk iron content between 2 weeks and 4 months postpartum. Healthy mothers were enrolled 10 to 20 days postpartum, if their babies were term, normal gestational age, and exclusive breastfed. Maternal blood samples for hemoglobin (Hb), iron, iron binding capacity, serum ferritin, and breast milk samples for iron and zinc were taken and mothers were randomized into iron Supplemented Mid placebo groups. At the end of the fourth month, blood and milk samples were taken again. Forty-seven healthy mothers were included into file Study. Milk iron content was lower; however, milk-to-serum iron ratio was higher in cases with low maternal iron reserves than cases with adequate iron reserves. Mothers with low Hb level ((sic) 12g.dL) had higher milk zinc content and lower milk iron/zinc content than mothers with normal Hb value. Iron supplementation to lactating nonanemic mothers did not change milk iron content and the decline in milk iron content and milk-to-serum iron ratio. Milk iron content and milk-to-serum iron ratio of iron could be regulated by active transport in cooperation with maternal iron status.Öğe An investigation on the prevalence of Cronobacter sakazakii in powdered infant formula consumed in Turkey(WFL PUBL, 2011) Guner, Ahmet; Dogruer, Yusuf; Cebirbay, Muhammet Ali; Yalcin, Suzan; Gulsen, Sema; Telli, NihatOne hundred thirty two samples (cartons) of PIF from three different brands retailed in Turkey were analysed for the presence of Cronobacter sakazakii. C. sakazakii was not found in all samples. Twenty-two samples of K brand (50%), 15 samples of L brand (34%) and 18 samples of M brand were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae ssp. and other bacteria. Escherichia coli (3 samples), Citrobacter freundii (2 samples), Klebsiella pneumoniae ssp. pneumoniae (2 samples), Salmonella (1 sample) from K brand of PIF and Enterobacter cloacae (12 samples) from three brands of PIF were detected. Some precautions that should be taken during the production and preparing of PIF to control of contamination by members of Enterobacteriaceae and other bacteria are vital for infants health.Öğe The Nutritive Value of Live Yeast Culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Its Effect on Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Some Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows(ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN ASSOC ANIMAL PRODUCTION SOC, 2011) Yalcin, Sakine; Yalcin, Suzan; Can, Pinar; Gurdal, Arif O.; Bagci, Cemalettin; Eltan, OnderThis study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and to investigate its effects on milk yield, milk composition and some blood parameters in lactating cows. Six multiparous Holstein cows were allocated to two groups of three cows and assigned randomly to one of two diets in a cross-over experiment. Daily 50 g RumiSacc was top dressed at the p.m. feeding for the treatment group. RumiSacc supplied a high protein and energy with high organic matter digestibility values (83.35%) determined by in vitro enzymatic analysis. Yeast culture supplementation significantly increased milk yield, tended to increase fat yield, protein yield and lactose yield of milk. Methylated fatty acid level of 18:3 (n-3) in milk fat was increased by yeast culture supplementation. The concentrations of methionine, phenyalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and taurine were significantly increased with dietary inclusion of yeast culture. Live yeast culture supplementation did not affect other performance characteristics, milk quality characteristics and blood parameters. As a conclusion live yeast culture (RumiSacc, Saccharomyces cerevisiae) had high nutritive value and positive effects on milk production and some milk quality characteristics in lactating cows under field conditions.Öğe POTENTIAL DETERMINANTS OF OBESITY AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN(KARGER, 2009) Pekcan, Gulden; koksal, Eda; Yalcin, Songul S.; Salor, Ozge; Yalcin, Suzan; Tekcicek, Meryem[Abstract not Available]Öğe Zinc and Copper Concentrations in Breast Milk During the First Nine Months of Lactation: A Longitudinal Study(AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS, 2015) Yalcin, S. Songul; Yalcin, Suzan; Gucus, Ali Ihsan[Abstract not Available]
