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    Effects of irrigation interval and quantity on the yield and quality of confectionary pumpkin grown under field conditions
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Yavuz, Duran; Seymen, Musa; Yavuz, Nurcan; Turkmen, Onder
    Confectionary pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L) is one of the important snacks preferred by consumers in Turkey due to its higher nutrient contents. However, there is no comprehensive study on water management in pumpkin cultivation in many countries including Turkey. Therefore, a 2-year study (2013-2014) was conducted to determine the effects of different irrigation intervals (S) and irrigation levels (I) on the seed yield and yield components of drip-irrigated confectionary pumpkin under the Middle Anatolian climatic conditions in Konya, Turkey. The experimental design was made in randomized blocks, in a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, with three replications. Treatments consisted of three irrigation intervals (S-7: 7 days, S-14: 14 days, and S-21: 21 days) and five irrigation levels (I-100: 100% irrigation or full irrigation, I-75: 75% of full irrigation, I-50: 50% of full irrigation, I-25: 25% of full irrigation, and I-0: no irrigation). Seasonal plant water consumption or actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of irrigation treatments varied from 194.2 to 660.2 mm in 2013 and from 208.6 to 629.6 mm in 2014. The irrigation interval (S) and the irrigation level (I) significantly affected the seed yield and quality of pumpkin in both the years. Typically, no significant differences were found among S7I-(100), S7I75, and S14I100 treatments in both the years although S7I100 treatment produced the highest seed yield (1274 kg ha(-1)). In 2013, except for 1000-seed weight, interaction between the irrigation interval and the irrigation level significantly affected the seed yield, the number of fruits per plant, seed yield per fruit, and mean fruit weight; however, in 2014, the effects of S x interaction on the seed yield and yield components were not significant. Seed yields were significantly affected in a linear relationship by the amount of irrigation water and evapotranspiration in both the years. Seasonal yield response factors (k(y)) were 0.92 and 1.27 in 2013 and 2014, respectively. In conclusion, I-100 with a 7-day irrigation interval is recommended for pumpkin grown under field conditions to maximize the yield. However, if the irrigation water is scarce, it will be suitable to irrigate pumpkin with either 25% water deficit (7-day interval) or full irrigation (14-day interval) in semiarid conditions. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Energy and water use for drip-irrigated potato in the Middle Anatolian region of Turkey
    (WILEY, 2016) Yavuz, Duran; Suheri, Sinan; Yavuz, Nurcan
    This study was conducted to determine the energy consumption and the relationship between energy input and yield for drip-irrigated potato under Middle Anatolian climatic conditions in Konya, Turkey. Also, the specific amount of energy consumed in irrigation was determined for both surface water and ground water sources. The experiment was carried out during the growing periods of 2008 and 2009. The results showed that total energy inputs were 63,222 MJha(-1). About 62% of the total energy inputs in potato production were found to be indirect energy (seeds, fertilizers, chemicals, machinery, and polyethylene pipe) and 38% was direct energy (human labor, electricity, and diesel). Irrigation consumed the most energy, accounting for 43.8% of total energy inputs. Amongst the direct energy inputs, irrigation had the maximum share of direct energy viz. 15,473 MJha(-1), which was almost 65% of direct energy input. Specific energy consumption of a drip irrigation system that takes water from surface and ground water sources was found to be 1.85 and 2.53 MJm(-3) respectively. When the per unit volume of irrigation water was applied to the field, the specific energy consumption of drip systems was higher for ground water than surface water sources, and the difference between those systems was about 37%. (c) 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 212-220, 2016
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    Evapotranspiration, crop coefficient and seed yield of drip irrigated pumpkin under semi-arid conditions
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2015) Yavuz, Duran; Yavuz, Nurcan; Seymen, Musa; Turkmen, Onder
    Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) is one of the most important plants in Turkey. A 2-year experiment (2013-2014) was conducted in the Konya Plain of Turkey in order to investigate the response of confectionary pumpkin to irrigation intervals. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design consisting of three irrigation intervals (I-7: 7-day, I-14: 14-day, I-21: 21-day) with three replications each. Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) of irrigation treatments varied from 521.2 to 660.2 mm in 2013 and from 493.6 to 629.6 mm in 2014. On an average, the ETa rate was 4.71 mm day(-1) under I-7 and declined by 8% and 21% under I-14 and I-21, respectively. Crop coefficients (K-c) varied similar to ETa among the different growing stages, i.e., from a mean of 0.56 at the initial stage to 0.95 at mid-season. The mean K-c was estimated to be 0.74 for the whole season. Irrigation intervals were found to significantly affect the seed yield and the quality of pumpkin in 2013 as well as 2014. No statistically significant differences (P <= 0.05) were found between the I-7 and I-14 treatments in both the years although the I-7 treatment was observed to produce the highest seed yield (1275 kg ha(-1)). Hence, in terms of water savings, the irrigation interval could be extended to 14 days without a significant decrease in the seed yield in case of arid and semi-arid areas such as the Konya Plain. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Farklı sulama aralığı ve kısıtlı sulamanın, ayçiçeği verim ve kalitesi üzerine etkisi
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2016-01-14) Yavuz, Nurcan; Çiftçi, Nizamettin
    Artan nüfusun besin ihtiyacını karşılamak için sulanan alanların artırılması, Konya Ovası gibi su kaynaklarının sınırlı olduğu bölgelerde yeraltından fazla suyun çekilmesine neden olmaktadır. Bu gibi bölgelerde tarımsal üretiminin devamlılığını sağlamak için, tarımda kullanılan suyun azaltılması zorunluluk haline gelmiştir. Konya ovasında geniş alanlarda üretimi yapılan ayçiçeği bitkisi su-verim ilişkileri yönünden araştırılması gereken bir bitkidir. Bu çalışmada, farklı sulama aralığı (S) ve bitki-pan katsayılarının (Kcp), damla sulama yöntemiyle sulanan ayçiçeğinde dane verimi ve verim parametrelerine olan etkileri iki yıl süreyle araştırılmıştır. Araştırma, 2013-2014 yıllarında, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sarıcalar Araştırma ve Uygulama Çiftliği Arazisi'nde, 3x5 faktöriyel deneme deseninde, 4 tekerrürlü olarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada üç farklı sulama aralığı (S5:5, S10:10 ve S15:15 gün) ve beş farklı bitki-pan katsayısı (Kcp1.25: pandan buharlaşanın %125'i, Kcp1.00: pandan buharlaşanın %100'ü, Kcp0.75: pandan buharlaşanın %75'i, Kcp0.50: pandan buharlaşanın %50'si kadar sulama suyu uygulamak ve Kcp0.00: sulama yapılmayan konu) kullanılmıştır. Ayçiçeği tarımında, 5 ve 10 gün sulama aralıklarında, dane verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, sap kalınlığı, yağ oranı, yağ verimi ve kuru madde oranı arasında %1 ve %5 önem seviyesinde bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Sulama aralığı 15 gün olan deneme konuları, yağ oranı, kuru madde oranı ve sap kalınlığı dışında 5 gün sulama aralığına sahip deneme konularından, %1 önem seviyesine göre ayrılmıştır. Bu nedenle, Konya koşullarında verim ve kalite unsurları açısından ayçiçeği sulamasında 15 gün sulama aralığı uygun bulunmamıştır. Bitki-pan katsayıları dikkate alındığında, 1.25 ve 1.00 Kcp değerine sahip deneme konuları arasında, dane verimi, bin dane ağırlığı, tabla çapı, bitki boyu, sap kalınlığı, yağ oranı, yağ verimi ve kuru madde oranı arasında istatistikî olarak %1 ve %5 önem düzeyinde bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Kcp değeri 1.00 olan deneme konularında, Kcp değeri 1.25 olan deneme konularına kıyasla yaklaşık %17 sulama suyu tasarrufu sağlanmıştır. Her iki deneme yılının ortalaması alındığında; en yüksek mevsimlik bitki su tüketimi 748.7 mm ile S10Kcp1.25 konusunda gerçekleşmiştir. En yüksek dane verimi (548.1 kg/da), en fazla su tüketen S10Kcp1.25 konusunda elde edilmiş ve anılan konuyu sırasıyla S5Kcp1.25 (544.4 kg/da), S5Kcp1.00 (521.8 kg/da) ve S10Kcp1.00 (504.1 kg/da) konuları izlemiştir. Bu konular arasında verimdeki düşüş, en yüksek verimin elde edildiği konuya göre %0.7 ile %8.0 arasında değişmiştir. Söz konusu deneme konuları arasında istatistikî olarak bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ancak, yine 5 ve 10 gün aralıklarla sulanan ve bitki-pan katsayısı 0.75 olan konularda dane verimindeki azalma, S10Kcp1.25 konusuna kıyasla yaklaşık %25 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sulama aralığı 15 gün olan ve bitki-pan katsayısı 1.00 olan konuda verimdeki azalma, S10Kcp1.25 konusuna göre yaklaşık %15'tir. Bu nedenle, Konya bölgesinde, ayçiçeği tarımında optimum bir dane verimi elde edilebilmesi için, sulama aralığının 10 günü geçmemesi gerekir. Ayrıca, bitki-pan katsayısının 1.00 olarak uygulanması yüksek dane verimi açısından önemlidir. Sulama suyu kullanım etkinliği (IWUE) ve su kullanım etkinliği (WUE), her iki deneme yılı birlikte değerlendirildiğinde; sırasıyla 0.70-3.70 kg/m3 ve 0.53-0.75 kg/m3 arasında değişmiştir. En yüksek IWUE değeri sulama yapılmayan konularda; en yüksek WUE değeri ise, S5Kcp1.00 deneme konusunda elde edilmiştir. Verim tepki etmeni (ky) değeri iki deneme yılının ortalaması alındığında 1.14 olarak bulunmuştur. Verim tepki etmeni 1'den büyük olduğu için, Konya koşullarında yetiştirilen ayçiçeği bitkisinin su kısıtına duyarlı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Konya koşullarında, sulama mevsimi boyunca kullanılabilecek kap katsayısı (kp) değerleri 0.82 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayçiçeğinin sulama sezonu boyunca 5'er günlük ara ile bitki katsayısı (kc) değerleri; maksimum koşullarda, 2013'te ortalama 1.02, 2014'te ise 1.05 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
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    The Response of Dry Bean to Water Stress at Various Growth Cycles in a Semi-Arid Region
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2021) Yavuz, Nurcan
    Poor irrigation management is resulted from some reasons such as lack of information relevant to the crop water use. That kind of information is necessarily prerequisites for both planners and producers to obtain irrigation program to minimize the yield losses under water stress conditions. A two-year, 2013-2014 growing season, field experiment was performed to determine the response of dry bean to the water deficiency in different growth stages at Konya plain of Turkey. The study was organized as randomized complete block design with three replications. Vegetative (V), reproductive (R), and pod filling-maturation (P) three plant growth cycles as were examined with including rain-fed total eight irrigation treatments were researched. A 100% crop water requirement (VRP) was considered full-irrigation treatment. Irrigation was not performed during vegetative, reproductive, and pod filling-maturation cycles or during a combination of those stages in other treatments. In results, depending on the irrigation treatments, actual evapotranspiration (ETa) for 2013 and 2014 varied from 104 to 544 mm and from 110 to 558 mm, respectively. The average crop coefficients (Kc) among the years were 0.75 for vegetative, 1.01 for reproductive, and 0.82 for pod filling-maturation stages. Depending on irrigation time, as decreasing the irrigation water resulted reducing seed yield. It was obvious that higher seed yield as well as yield components obtained full irrigation at entire growing season, which was preferable. An alternative to full irrigation in whole growth stages particularly in areas with insufficient water resources, performing full irrigation till initial of the filling-maturation cycle and then ending irrigation can be highly recommended as ideal, as it resulted water saving of 38%, and rise 27% in irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) as well as 20% seed yield loss by comparison to full irrigation.
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    The salt movement on soil profile at sprinkler and drip irrigation method applications
    (Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2014) Yavuz, Nurcan; Ciftci, Nizamettin; Yavuz, Duran
    In this study, the effects of sprinkler and drip irrigation methods on salt distributions within soil profile were researched. The irrigation interval for each irrigation methods was 7 (seven) days and water content of soil was replenished to the field capacity in each irrigation (FC). The irrigation content of soil was measured by ?t Profile Probe moisture meter. As a result, when initial and final soil salinity values soil depth compared, it was observed that the soil salinity decreased 40.8% on sprinkler irrigation and 29.5% on drip irrigation method at depth of 0 -30 cm, 26.3% on sprinkler irrigation method and 25.5% on drip irrigation method at depth of 30 – 60 cm whereas the soil salinity increased 58.8% on sprinkler irrigation method and 56.2% on drip irrigation method at depth of 60 -90 cm, 54.6% on sprinkler irrigation method and 31.8% on drip irrigation method at depth of 90 -120 cm.