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    EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ORGANIC AND INORGANIC SELENIUM LEVELS ON PERFORMANCE, SELENIUM CONCENTRATIONS OF SOME TISSUES, GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ENZYME ACTIVITY AND MEAT QUALITY IN BROILERS
    (PAKISTAN AGRICULTURAL SCIENTISTS FORUM, 2016) Gocmen, R.; Yazgan, O.; Cufadar, Y.
    A total of 672 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight experiment groups each having four replicate under completely randomized design. The experimental diets were prepared by adding certain amounts of organic (Sel-Plex-50) and inorganic Selenium (Se) (sodium selenite) sources that provided 0, 0.15, 0.30 and 0.60 ppm Se in the basal ration. The experimental period was six weeks. The results revealed that none of the performance parameters were influenced significantly by the treatments. Plasma and liver Se concentration significantly increased with increasing Se levels in the diet. Breast and thigh Se concentration affected by the (source x level interaction). The main significant effect of Se level was on the plasma and liver glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity, which increased with increasing Se levels in the diets. The treatments did not significantly influence thigh and breast pH, hardness, color criteria (L, a, b) or cook loss parameters. Dietary Se levels and sources had a significant effect on the water holding capacity of the breast. Selenium supplementation of broiler diets at the level of 0.60 ppm had a positive effect on tissues Se concentration. Considering the quality of meat, the organic Se source (0.60 ppm) was more effective than the inorganic Se source.
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    Effects of boron and copper dietary supplementation in laying hens on egg shell quality, plasma and tibia mineral concentrations and bone biomechanical properties
    (ECOLE NATIONALE VETERINAIRE TOULOUSE, 2012) Olgun, O.; Yazgan, O.; Cufadar, Y.
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementation of different boron and copper doses on eggshell quality, bone biomechanical properties. mineral concentrations in bone and plasma in laying hens. A total of 320 Lohmann laying hens, 26 weeks old, were randomly allotted in 16 equal groups according to the combined doses of boron (0, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg) and copper (0.75. 150 and 300 mg/kg) added to the basal diets for 16 weeks. Eggshell quality parameters (frequency of damaged eggs, specific gravity, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness, egg shell weight), bone biomechanical properties (cortex thickness, cortex cross section area, shear force, shear stress, fracture energy) and bone (tibia) and plasma mineral (B, Cu, Zn, Ca, P and Mg) concentrations were determined at the end of the experimental period. Added boron exhibited adverse effects on eggshell quality parameters (significant decrease in eggshell thickness) but has significantly promoted trace element (B, Cu and Zn) distribution and accumulation in bones without severely affecting bone Ca. P and Mg contents, and has significantly increased bone resistance (increases in cortex thickness, shear force, shear stress and fracture energy). Cu supplementation has not directly and significantly modified bone properties or B. Cu and Zn distribution and accumulation, although at 150 and 300 mg/kg Cu doses. the B fixation was exacerbated whereas the divalent ion accumulation was slightly depressed. In addition, the eggshell solidity was significantly improved (increases in specific gravity, eggshell breaking strength, eggshell thickness and eggshell weight). These results indicate that B and Cu supplementation interfere with trace element metabolism leading to improvement of egg shell quality (Cu) or to bone resistance (B).
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    Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Concentrations on Performance and Carcase Characteristics of Chukar Partridge (Alectoris Chukar) Raised in Captivity
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd , 2003) Özek, K.; Yazgan, O.; Bahtiyarca, Y.
    1. This study was conducted to determine the effects of starter and grower diets with differing crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) concentrations on the body weight (BW), live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and carcase, breast + back, rump, wing, neck and abdominal fat weights of chukar partridge raised in captivity. 2. Chukar partridges were fed on starter diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (160, 200, 240, 280 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (10.9, 11.7, 12.6, 13.4 MJ/kg) from hatch to 8 weeks of age; they were fed on grower diets containing 4 concentrations of CP (150, 175, 200, 225 g/kg) and 4 concentrations of ME (11.9, 12.6, 13.2, 13.8 MJ/kg) from 9 to 16 weeks of age. All diets contained at least 5.5 g/kg methionine, 15 g/kg lysine and 10 g/kg methionine + cystine. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 levels of CP and 4 levels of ME. Each treatment was replicated three times with each replicate consisting of 5 males and 5 females. 3. Partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg were significantly lighter at 8 weeks of age than those in groups given diets containing a higher CP. However, at 16 weeks of age, the differences in BW among treatments had disappeared. Throughout, there were no significant effects of ME concentration on BW and LWG. 4. The daily mean FC for the 0 to 8 week and 0 to 16 week periods was not affected by dietary CP concentration. For the 9 to 16 week period, the partridges fed on a grower diet containing 225 g CP/kg consumed more feed than those given a diet containing 175 g CP/kg. 5. The highest FCR for the 0 to 8 week period was in partridges fed on a starter diet containing 160 g CP/kg. For the 9 to 16 week period, the lowest FCR was in partridges fed on a grower diet containing 150 g CP/kg. For the 0 to 16 week period, there was not a significant effect of dietary CP concentration on FCR. The daily mean FC and the FCR for the 0 to 8, 9 to 16 and 0 to 16 week periods decreased when the ME concentration of the starter and grower diets increased. 6. The carcase, rump and breast + back weights of the male partridges increased when the ME content of the diets increased. Weights of all carcase components of the male partridges were significantly greater than those of the carcase components of the females. 7. There were no significant interactions between CP and ME concentrations on BW, LWG, FC, FCR and carcase characteristics. 8. We conclude that the starter diet for chukar partridges raised for meat production should contain at least 200 g CP/kg, 11.7 MJ ME/kg, and the grower diet should contain 150 g CP/kg, 12.6 MJ ME/kg.