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    Effect of dietary supplementation of essential oils mixture on performance, eggshell quality, hatchability, and mineral excretion in quail breeders
    (SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2014) Olgun, Osman; Yildiz, Alp Onder
    The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of six different levels (0, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) of phytogenic feed additive containing a mixture essential oils from thyme, black cumin, fennel, anise and rosemary on performance, eggshell quality, reproductive traits, and mineral excretion in quail breeders. In this trial, a total of 60 male and 120 female quails, 91 days old, were randomly distributed in six experimental groups. During the 60-day experiment period, birds were fed with six treatment diets. Performances, eggshell qualities, hatchability, and mineral excretion data were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Results showed that the different dietary levels of essential oil mixture had no significant effect on performance parameters, damaged eggs, eggshell weight, fertility, hatchability of fertile eggs, hatchability of set eggs, and lead and boron excretion. On the other hand, 50 mg/kg supplementation of essential oil mixture (EOM) significantly improved egg-breaking strength and eggshell thickness, and ash, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, zinc, and cadmium excretion was significantly depressed in quail breeders supplemented with the two higher doses (400 or 600 mg/kg) of EOM. These results concluded that supplementing diets with EOM improved egg-breaking strength and decreased excretion of minerals in breeder quails.
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    Effects of Boron Supplementation Fed with Low Calcium to Diet on Performance and Egg Quality in Molted Laying Hens
    (MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Olgun, Osman; Cufadar, Yusuf; Yildiz, Alp Onder
    This study was conducted to different levels of dietary Calcium (Ca) with Boron (B) supplementation effect on performance and egg quality in molted laying hens. Two hundred and eighty, 78 weeks old, White Leghom LSL laying hens were assigned to 8 groups with 7 replicates. Experiment had a 2X4 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 levels of Ca diet (4.0% control and 3.5% low Ca) and 4 levels of B (Borax Pentahydrate) preparation (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg kg(-1)) were used. Laying hens were fed to eight dietary treatments during the 78-90 weeks periods. The different levels of dietary Ca and B as a main factor did not significantly effect on initial body weight, final body weight, egg production, feed conversion ratio, specific gravity, egg shell weight, damaged egg and egg shell breaking strength except for egg weight, feed intake, egg mass, haugh unit and albumen index. There was no interaction effect of Ca and B levels on the parameters except for egg yolk index, egg shape index and egg shell thickness (p<0.01; p<0.05). It is concluded that molted laying hens to the diet were not added B when the laying hens consumed adequately feed and Ca.
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    EFFECTS OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION OF INORGANIC, ORGANIC OR NANO ZINC FORMS ON PERFORMANCE, EGGSHELL QUALITY, AND BONE CHARACTERISTICS IN LAYING HENS
    (WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2017) Olgun, Osman; Yildiz, Alp Onder
    This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of dietary zinc forms and dosages on egg production performance, egg quality, and bone characteristics in laying hens. Forty-two-week-old, 144 Lohmann LSL-Lite laying hens were allocated to 12 experimental groups in a 4 (forms) x 3 (dosages) factorial arrangement. Four zinc forms including zinc-sulphate and zinc-oxide as inorganic forms, zinc-glycine as organic form and nano zinc-oxide powder as nano form at different dosages (50, 75 and 100 mg per kg diet) were tested. Compared to the inorganic (zinc-sulphate) form, the zinc-glycine supplementation significantly depressed the egg weight, egg mass and feed conversion ratio. The eggshell thickness was significantly decreased by supplementation with nano zinc-oxide. The shear force of tibia was significantly decreased by zinc-glycine or nano zinc-oxide supplemented in the diet when compared to inorganic forms of zinc. On the other hand, the dietary 50 mg/kg dosage of zinc was sufficient for optimum performance and the dietary 75 mg/kg dosage of zinc significantly improved shear force of tibia in laying hens. Tibia zinc content increased with the dietary 100 mg/kg dosage of zinc. The interactions between zinc forms and dosages had a significant effect on egg weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, eggshell thickness, shear force and shear stress of bone, and tibia calcium concentration. The highest egg weight and the lowest eggshell thickness were observed for the group fed with nano Zn-oxide at 100 mg/kg in the diet. These results showed that nano zinc form supplementation negatively affects the eggshell thickness and bone mechanical properties. The zinc in nano form may not be suggested for feeding laying hens, but other forms of zinc could be used safely in layer diets.
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    The Effects of Microbial Phytase to Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Individual Amino Acids on Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broilers
    (MEDWELL ONLINE, 2009) Cufadar, Yusuf; Yildiz, Alp Onder; Olgun, Osman
    A 6 weeks experiment with 450 unsexed, one day-old broilers was carried out to determine the effects of adding phytase to low-protein diets supplemented with individual amino acids on performance, carcass traits and some organ weights. The chicks were fed with diets containing 22 and 20% Crude Protein (CP; control) for the 0-3 and for the 4-6 weeks of period, respectively. During the 0-3 and 4-6 weeks of periods, the other groups were fed with low protein diets (20 and 18% CP, respectively) containing lysine, methionine and threonine (EAA) levels of 100, 110, 120, or 130% of NRC recommendation. The diets were then supplemented with (500 FTU kg(-1) of diet; Natuphos, BASF, Germany) and without additional microbial phytase. This resulted in 4x2 factorial arrangements with four levels of and two levels of phytase (0 and 500 FTU kg(-1)) and so a total of 9 treatments with a control group were tested. Each treatment was replicated 3 times with each replication consisting of 15 chicks. All other nutrient contents of diets were met the requirements by NRC recommendation and were contained 3200 kcal ME kg(-1). The effects of interactions consist of EAA and phytase levels on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits except for wings weight and relative organs weight had no significant (p>0.05). There were no main effects of dietary EAA levels on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, all measured carcass traits and relative organs weight, except for pancreas weight, in the experiment. As a main factor, effects of dietary phytase levels on all parameters had no significant. Also, there was no significant difference in terms of performances, carcass traits and organ weights (% of body weight) between control diet and low-CP diets. These data suggest that broilers fed low CP, EAA supplemented diet (lysine, methionine, threonine levels of 100% NRC recommendation) have performance and carcass traits similar to broilers fed higher level of CP recommended by NRC.
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    THE EFFECTS OF SUPPLEMENTATION BORON, ZINC AND THEIR CADMIUM COMBINATIONS ON PERFORMANCE, EGGSHELL QUALITY, REPRODUCTIVE AND BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BONE IN QUAIL BREEDERS
    (AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE, 2014) Olgun, Osman; Yildiz, Alp Onder
    This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary boron, zinc and their combinations to polluted diets with cadmium on performance, eggshell quality, reproductive and biomechanical properties of tibia in quails. A total of 60 male and 120 female quails, 20 weeks old, were randomly distributed in six equal diets groups. Diet I was control group, Diet II was added 20 mg/kg cadmium. Diet III was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 60 mg/kg boron. Diet IV was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 50 mg/kg zinc. Diet V was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 30 mg/kg boron + 25 mg/kg zinc. Diet VI was administered 20 mg/kg cadmium + 60 mg/kg boron + 50 mg/kg zinc. Effect of treatments on body weight, egg weight, feed intake, mortality, eggs damaged, specific gravity, eggshell weight, shear force, shear stress and hatchability were not significant (p>0.05). However, the diet VI had a significant adverse effect on the some performance parameters (egg production, egg mass and feed conversion ratio). Egg quality and fertility were improved by the addition of cadmium. Cortex thickness and cortex cross section area of tibia were the best when quails fed with diet III. Results of the present study showed that the supplementation of 20 mg/kg cadmium to the diets had positive effect on eggshell quality in quail breeders.