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    Preconcentrative separation of chromium(III) species from chromium(VI) by cloud point extraction and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry
    (SPRINGER WIEN, 2011) Yildiz, Zeynep; Arslan, Gulsin; Tor, Ali
    We describe a high-throughput technique for the determination of chromium species in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) after preconcentrative separation of Cr(III) species from Cr(VI) by cloud point extraction (CPE) using diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the chelating agent and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 as the extractant. The Cr(III)-DDTC complex is extracted if the temperature is higher than the CPE temperature of Triton X-100, while Cr(VI) remains in the aqueous phase. The Cr(III) in the surfactant phase was analyzed by FAAS, and the concentration of Cr(VI) was calculated by subtraction of Cr(III) from total chromium which was directly determined by FAAS. The effect of pH, concentration of chelating agent, surfactant, and equilibration temperature were investigated. The detection limit for Cr(III) was 0.08 mu g L-1 with an enrichment factor of 98, and the relative standard deviation was 1.2% (n=3, c=100 mu g L-1). A certified reference material and several water samples were analyzed with satisfactory results.
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    READING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME AND SPACE IN THE FILM CLOUD ATLAS
    (MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIV, 2018) Erdogan, Ebru; Yildiz, Zeynep
    There is an interaction between architecture and cinema thanks to their cooperation of making temporal and spatial design. Science fiction is the type of cinema that includes this interaction in its most intense level and has similar concerns to the process of creating time and place in architecture. The film, "Cloud Atlas" (2012), has been chosen as a case in this study. This is because the film highlights the interaction between architecture and cinema by different approaches to time and place (six separate and independent plots), alternative fictional techniques and a postmodern quality, all of which give the film a multi-dimensional perspective. The interaction between cinema and architecture was examined using deductive methodology, based on the analysis of temporal and spatial concepts. Initially, this study examined the concepts of time and place as well as the paradoxical relation between them regarding the historical process. Then, this study analyzed the film, Cloud Atlas, mentioning current problems of time and space. Given the locations included in the film, this study re-interpreted the handling of these problems in cinema and particularly in science-fiction, which has a strong interaction with time and place. The relations that cinema builds with architecture based on the concepts of time and place was also reinterpreted. Time, place, non-place, timelessness, moments and memories, existential space, transitions in time (splitting, time warps and flashbacks) are the concepts that were interpreted and exemplified in the study. Among them, transitions in time was the most fundamental concept that shattered the common time and space perceptions of the audience. It is also observed that this concept, which enhanced the diversity and quality of locations and handled time multi-dimensionally, explained the problems of the postmodern age to audience through the film and created an awareness.