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    Comparative evaluation of automated chemiluminescence tests and RIBA assay used in HCV diagnosis
    (SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS INDIA, 2016) Kalem, Fatma; Yuksekkaya, Serife; Dagi, Hatice Turk; Ertugrul, Omur; Dogan, Metin
    Introduction: Hepatitis C, caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be a mild illness lasting a few weeks or can cause lifelong liver cirrhosis and cancer. Today although the sensitivity of diagnostic tests is increasing; it has often been associated with decreased specificity so the rate of false-positive test results is increasing. The aim of this study was to compare the false-positive rates of anti-HCV results. Methods: During the period of 18.07.2011 to 18.12.2013; blood samples of patients admitted to Konya Numune Hospital were screened for anti-HCV using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CIA). After 2012; the new version of same anti-HCV test was used. Borderline and reactive results were retested and tests which were reactive in repeated CIA were confirmed by a recombinant immunoblot-assay (RIBA). Subjects with a positive RIBA test were considered to have been as true positive anti-HCV. Results: A total of 54178 sera were tested for anti-HCV during the period of 18.07.2011 to 18.12.2013 and 649 sera were positive with chemiluminescence method. 374 of reactive cases were confirmed by RIBA. The RIBA results showed 171 (45.7 %) negative, 163 (43.5 %) positive, and 40 (10.7 %) indeterminate results. By using the new version of the test; the rate of false positive and indeterminate anti-HCV test results decreased from 75.1% to 35.5 %. Conclusions: In this study it was observed that lower false positive rates of newly developed test. Lowering the false positive rate of ELISA tests will provide more confidence to use these tests in the diagnosis of HCV. There is a need for further studies on this issue.
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    A Comparison of Immuncapture Agglutination and ELISA Methods in Sero-logical Diagnosis of Brucellosis
    (IVYSPRING INT PUBL, 2011) Ozdemir, Mehmet; Feyzioglu, Bahadir; Kurtoglu, Muhammed Guzel; Dogan, Metin; Dagi, Hatice Turk; Yuksekkaya, Serife; Kesli, Recep
    Background: Different serological tests are used in serologic diagnosis of brucellosis. The most widely used of these are Standard Tube Agglutination and Coombs anti-brucella tests. Whereas ELISA Ig M and Ig G tests have been in use for a long time, immuncapture agglutination test has been recently introduced and used in serological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare diagnostic values of ELISA Ig M and Ig G and im-muncapture agglutination tests with Coombs anti-brucella test. Methods: Sera from 200 patients with presumptive diagnosis of brucellosis were in-cluded into the study. Coombs anti-brucella test, ELISA Ig M and Ig G tests and Im-muncapture test were investigated in these sera. Then, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive and positive predictive values were calculated. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive and positive predictive values were found to be 90,6 %, 76,3 %, 94,2 %, and 65,9 % respectively for the Immuncapture test, whereas they were found to be 73,7 %, 58,9 %, 84,2 %, and 42,8 % for Ig G and 72,2 %, 67,8 %, 85,2 %, and 48,7 % for Ig M. The Immuncapture test was found to be compatible with ELISA Ig M and Ig G tests but it was statistically incompatible with Coombs anti-brucella test. Conclusions: Immuncapture agglutination test yields similar results to those of Coombs anti-brucella test. This test is a useful test by virtue of the fact that it determines blocking antibodies in the diagnosis and follow-up of brucellosis.
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    Investigation of Brucella canis Seroprevalence in Brucellosis Suspected Cases
    (ANKARA MICROBIOLOGY SOC, 2013) Yuksekkaya, Serife; Aras, Zeki; Ucan, Uckun Sait
    Brucella canis which is the main etiologic agent of brucellosis in dogs, can be transmitted to man. It causes mild or asymptomatic infection in human compared with other Brucella species. B.canis can be transmitted to man either by laboratory accidents or contact with infected dogs. Since B.canis infections in humans are not routinely investigated in hospitals in Turkey, the data are limited to reveal the current status of B.canis infections in people in our country. The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of B.canis infection in brucellosis-suspected cases. The study was conducted at Konya Education and Research Hospital, (located at Central Anatolia of Turkey) during March-August 2010 period. Serum samples were obtained from 1000 patients (age range: 15-65 years; 652 of them were women) presented with brucellosis-like symptoms, including fever, headache, night sweats, appetite loss, weakness, arthralgia and myalgia. Rose Bengal Plate Tests (Seromed, Turkey) for smooth Brucella species were negative in all serum samples. Rough type B.canis antigen was prepared with B.canis NCTC 10854 strain for serodiagnosis. Antibody responses to B.canis in the serum samples were investigated by rapid slide agglutination test (SAT) and modified plate agglutination test (MPAT). Of the 1000 sera tested, 34 (0.34%) were found to be positive with SAT while the remaining were found negative. MPAT was used for the detection of antibody titer and 22 (0.22%) out of 1000 sera were found positive with MPAT (one had 1/48, five had 1/96, six had 1/192, six had 1/384, four had 1/768 titers). Among 22 positive patients, 17 were female and five were male, and the difference between the genders was found statistically significant (p< 0.05). It was concluded the use of both S and R antigens in the serological tests applied for the diagnosis of brucellosis in our country will supplement both diagnosis and seroepidemiological data related to brucellosis.
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    Molecular Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Species Isolated from Urine Samples of Patients in Intensive Care Unit
    (ANKARA MICROBIOLOGY SOC, 2011) Yuksekkaya, Serife; Findik, Duygu; Arslan, Ugur
    The aims of this study were to analyse the amphotericin B and fluconazole susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of Candida strains (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata) isolated from the urine samples of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. Identification of the isolates was done according to microscopic morphology (chlamydospor, blastospor, pseudohyphae and true hyphae) on cornmeal agar, germ tube formation and carbohydrate assimilation patterns (API ID 32C bioMerieux, France). Antifungal susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by in vitro broth microdilution method recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). To investigate the clonal relationship of the isolates, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was performed by using Cnd3 primer. Of the 56 Candida isolates minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges, MIC50 and MIC90 values for amphotericin B were 0.125-1 mu g/ml, 0.125 and 0.5 mu g/ml for C.albicans, 0.125-1 mu g/ml, 0.25 and 1 mu g/ml for C.tropicalis and 0.125-1 mu g/ml, 0.25 and 1 mu g/ml for C.glabrata, respectively. Fluconazole MIC ranges, MIC50 and MIC90 values were 0.25-4 mu g/ml, 0.25 and 0.5 mu g/ml for C.albicans, 0.25-16 mu g/ml, 0.5 and 1 mu g/ml for C.tropicalis and 0.5-64 mu g/ml, 8 and 16 mu g/ml for C.glabrata, respectively. For amphotericin B, none of the isolates had high MIC values (MIC > 1 mu g/ml). While one of the C.glabrata isolates was resistant to fluconazole (MIC >= 64 mu g/ml), one C.tropicalis and two C.glabrata isolates were dose-dependent susceptible (MIC: 16-32 mu g/ml). The results of RAPD analysis indicated an exogenous spread from two clones for C.albicans, one clone for C.glabrata and one clone for C.tropicalis. This study underlines the importance of molecular epidemiological analysis of clinical samples together with hospital environmental samples in terms of Candida spp. to determine the exogenous origin for the related strains and to prevent nosocomial Candida infections.
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    Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae in children with invasive diseases in Turkey: 2008-2014
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2016) Ceyhan, Mehmet; Ozsurekci, Yasemin; Gurler, Nezahat; Oksuz, Lutfiye; Aydemir, Sohret; Ozkan, Sengul; Yuksekkaya, Serife
    Successful vaccination policies for protection from invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) dependent on determination of the exact serotype distribution in each country. We aimed to identify serotypes of pneumococcal strains causing IPD in children in Turkey and emphasize the change in the serotypes before and after vaccination with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) was included and PCV-13 was newly changed in Turkish National Immunization Program. Streptococcus pneumoniae strains were isolated at 22 different hospitals of Turkey, which provide healthcare services to approximately 65% of the Turkish population. Of the 335 diagnosed cases with S. pneumoniae over the whole period of 2008-2014, the most common vaccine serotypes were 19F (15.8%), 6B (5.9%), 14 (5.9%), and 3 (5.9%). During the first 5y of age, which is the target population for vaccination, the potential serotype coverage ranged from 57.5 % to 36.8%, from 65.0% to 44.7%, and from 77.4% to 60.5% for PCV-7, PCV-10, and PCV-13 in 2008-2014, respectively. The ratio of non-vaccine serotypes was 27.2% in 2008-2010 whereas was 37.6% in 2011-2014 (p=0.045). S. penumoniae serotypes was less non-susceptible to penicillin as compared to our previous results (33.7vs 16.5 %, p=0.001). The reduction of those serotype coverage in years may be attributed to increasing vaccinated children in Turkey and the increasing non-vaccine serotype may be explained by serotype replacement. Our ongoing IPD surveillance is a significant source of information for the decision-making processes on pneumococcal vaccination.