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Öğe The banded karyotype of the 2n=58 chromosomal race of mole rats from Erzincan, Turkey(INST VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY AS CR, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanIn this study, the 2n = 58 chromosomal race of blind mole rats, Nannospalax xanthodon, from the Erzincan province in Turkey was investigated. Conventional chromosome staining, Ag-NOR staining and C-banding analysis were carried out in the specimens studied. The karyotype included three small or medium-sized meta/submetacentric pairs and twenty-five acrocentric pairs of autosomes of gradually diminishing size (NFa = 62). C-heterochromatin regions were found in centromeric and pericentromeric areas or in short arms of some bi-armed autosomal pairs and in pericentromeric areas of a few acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome had a centromeric C-positive band and the short arm of the Y chromosome appeared to be C-positively stained. The NORs were localized in distal heterochromatin areas of the short arms of two pairs of biarmed and one pair of acrocentric autosomes. Within the 58 chromosome populations reported from Turkey, two groups can be recognized differing by the presence or absence of a large submetacentric autosomal pair. The populations possessing this marker chromosome occur in central and northern Anatolia, whereas populations form eastern Anatolia have no similar chromosome in their karyotype.Öğe Banded karyotype of the Konya wild sheep (Ovis orientalis anatolica Valenciennes, 1856) from Turkey(PENSOFT PUBLISHERS, 2011) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanThe karyotype, C-banding, and nucleoar organizer regions (NORs) of eight specimens of Konya wild sheep from Turkey were examined. The complement included six large metacentric autosomes, 46 acrocentric autosomes of decreasing size, a medium-sized acrocentric X chromosome, and a small bi-armed Y chromosome (the diploid chromosome number 2n=54, the number of autosomal arms NFa=58, the number of chromosome arms NF=61). G-banding allowed reliable identification of all the chromosome pairs and the pairing of homologous elements. All the autosomes possessed distinct centromeric or pericentromeric C-positive bands. The X chromosome had a pericentromeric C-positive band, and the Y chromosome was entirely C-heterochromatic. The NORs were located in the terminal regions of the long arms of three metacentric and two acrocentric autosomes. The karyotype of the Konya wild sheep and its banding patterns are quite similar to chromosome complement reported in domestic sheep and European mouflon.Öğe C-banding and Ag-NOR distribution patterns in Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica (Mammalia: Rodentia), from Turkey(WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO, 2012) Arslan, Atilla; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfan; Zima, JanA chromosomal study of Allactaga euphratica from the Sanliurfa Province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, was performed. The diploid number of 48 chromosomes was found in all four specimens examined. The C-band-positive regions were distributed in centromeric areas of all the autosomal pairs and the X chromosome. Extensive C-positive heterochromatin intercalary blocks were observed in the largest pair of autosomes. The small Y chromosome was stained uniformly and C-negatively. The active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were localized in two pairs of small bi-armed autosomes. The C-heterochromatin distribution and localization of the secondary constrictions bearing NORs apparently differ between karyotypes of the related jerboa species A. euphratica and Allactaga williamsi. This cytogenetic difference may be implied as a suitable marker in further studies of the relationships in contact zones and possible hybridization between these two taxa.Öğe The C-Banding and Ag-NOR Distribution Patterns in the Fallow Deer Dama dama (Mammalia: Cervidae) from Turkey(UNIV TOKYO CYTOLOGIA, 2014) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanThe karyotype was examined in two specimens of the fallow deer (Dama dama) originating from the last indigenous population in Anatolia, Turkey. The complement includes 68 chromosomes, with the acrocentric X chromosome and the small metacentric Y chromosome. The autosomal complement contains a single metacentric pair and 32 acrocentric pairs of diminishing size. The metacentric autosomal pair possesses only an indistinct dark C-band in the centromeric area, whereas the acrocentric autosomes and the X chromosome have large C-positively stained pericentromeric blocks. The Y chromosome stains C-positively but the intensity of staining is lower than in the centromeric areas of other chromosomes. The Ag-NOR sites were detected in telomeric regions of the long arms of two large acrocentric autosomal pairs. The chromosome complement seems to be identical with karyotypes examined in various introduced and captive populations.Öğe C-heterochromatin and NORs distribution in karyotypes of three vespertilionid bat species from Turkey(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2015) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Albayrak, İrfan; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Arslan, EmineThe chromosomal banding analysis of the karyotypes of Turkish populations of Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus lasiopterus and Barbastellus barbastellus was performed with the use of C-banding and Ag-NOR staining. The results obtained in E. serotinus and N. lasiopterus were congruent with previous data reported from other regions. The karyotype of E. serotinus (2n = 50, NF = 52) contained a moderate amount of centromeric C-heterochromatin and a single NOR was localized in an acrocentric autosomal pairs. The karyotype of N. lasiopterus (2n = 42, NF = 54) contained a higher amount of centromeric C-heterochromatin and the NORs were localized in two autosomal pairs. The karyotype of B. barbastellus was standard in its general characteristics (2n = 32, NF = 54, low amount of C-heterochromatin) but the NOR was localized in only one acrocentric autosomal pair. In studies from other regions, the NORs were recognized in all five acrocentric autosomal pairs of the complement of B. barbastellus.Öğe C-heterochromatin variation and NOR distribution in the karyotype of water vole, Arvicola terrestris (Mammalia, Rodentia)(FIRENZE UNIV PRESS, 2011) Arslan, Atilla; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, Serdar; Zima, JanA chromosomal study of populations of Arvicola terrestris from Anatolia in Turkey and from Central Europe was performed. The diploid number of 36 chromosomes was found in all the specimens examined. The autosomal complement consisted of 12 meta- and submetacentric pairs, two large or medium-sized subtelocentric pairs, and three small acrocentric (Turkey) or subtelocentric (Central Europe) pairs (FNa = 62-68). The X chromosome was medium-sized submetacentric, the Y chromosome was small acrocentric or subtelocentric. All the chromosomes could be reliably identified by their unique G-banding patterns. The C-banding analysis revealed variation in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin in centromeric regions and in short arms of certain autosomes. A unique feature of the C-banded karyotype of individuals from Anatolia was the absence of dark positive regions in most chromosomes. Populations of water vole from Anatolia resemble in their C-band pattern those studied previously in Azerbaijan, and possibly also in the Balkan peninsula, and they are different in this respect from populations in Central Europe and the other parts of the species range. The X chromosome was stained uniformly and C-negatively in populations from Anatolia, whereas a faint dark centromeric C-band was observed in individuals from Central Europe. The Y chromosome was stained C-positively. The active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were localized in one pair of small metacentric and two acrocentric autosome pairs in the karyotype of individuals from Anatolia.Öğe C-heterochromatin variation in the karyotype reflects species level distinction between Erinaceus roumanicus and E. concolor (Eulipotyphla: Erinaceidae) in Turkey(MAGNOLIA PRESS, 2008) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Oezparlak, HalukThe distributions of C-heterochromatin blocks and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were studied in hedgehogs from the European (Thrace) and the Asiatic (Anatolia) parts of Turkey. Karyotypes with 48 chromosomes were found in all the specimens examined. The distribution of large heterochromatic blocks in autosomes was different between samples from Thrace and Anatolia in respect of the presence of a distal block in the autosome no. 15. These two chromosomal types correspond to the karyotypes designated as E II and E I by Mandahl (1978). The comparison with other published data shows that the karyotype E II is found within the range of Erinaceus roumanicus, whereas the karyotype EI occurs within the range of E. concolor. Both the species thus differ consistently in the distribution of C-heterochromatin blocks in their karyotypes. The NORs were found in five autosomal pairs of E. roumanicus, and in four autosomal pairs of E. concolor. The position of NORs in individual autosomal pairs may be variable, and two distinct variants were observed in the samples from northern and central/southern Anatolia, respectively. This variation may reflect the presence of two lineages within E. concolor that were indicated in previous phylogeographic studies.Öğe Chromosomal variation in social voles: a Robertsonian fusion in Gunther's vole(SPRINGER HEIDELBERG, 2013) Zima, Jan; Arslan, Atilla; Benda, Petr; Macholan, Milos; Krystufek, BorisThe study reports on chromosomes in several populations of social voles from south-eastern Europe and the Middle East. The standard karyotypes of individuals of Microtus hartingi and Microtus guentheri originating from both south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor comprised 54 mostly acrocentric chromosomes. However, variation between populations was found in the amount and distribution of C-heterochromatin in certain autosomes and the sex chromosomes. Furthermore, a specific pattern of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region distribution was recorded in different geographic populations. In a population from Asia Minor, a heterozygous centric fusion of two autosomes was found. The G-banded karyotypes of M. guentheri and Microtus socialis were compared, and tandem fusions of autosomes were suggested as possible mechanism of the divergence. The karyotypes of the nine currently recognized species of social voles are reviewed, and implications of chromosomal data for systematics are evaluated.Öğe Chromosome Banding Pattern in Fat Dormouse and Bank Vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey(POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, INST SYSTEMATICS EVOLUTION ANIMALS, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Gozutok, Serdar; Toyran, KubilayARSLAN A., ZIMA J., YORULMAZ T., GOZUTOK S., TOYRAN K. 2013. Chromosome banding pattern in fat dormouse and bank vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey. Folia Biologica (Krakow) 61: 47-51. The chromosome banding pattern (C-banding, AgNOR staining) was studied in isolated populations of two species of rodents from Turkey, Glis glis and Myodes glareolus. A single nucleolar organizer region was localized in an autosomal pair in the complement of G. glis. Centromeric C-heterochromatin blocks and seven pairs of NOR-bearing autosomes were observed in the complement of M glareolus. A metacentric Y chromosome was found in the M glareolus males examined. The detailed structure of karyotypes and the banding patterns differ from some previously published results.Öğe The chromosome banding pattern in two cytotypes (2n=36 and 38) of blind mole rats from Turkey (Mammalia: Spalaxidae)(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Arisoy, Apdil; Zima, JanTwo cytotypes (2n = 36 and 38) of blind mole rats, Nannospalax xanthodon (Nordmann, 1840), from the Aydin and Manisa provinces in Turkey were investigated. Conventional chromosome staining, Ag-NOR staining and C-banding analysis were carried out. From the cytogenetic point of view, the particular phylogenetic position of these populations is supported by their low diploid numbers only, and the C-banding pattern and the NORs distribution seem generally similar to populations with higher chromosome numbers. Several autosomal pairs with centromeric dark C-bands were observed in the 2n=36 cytotype. One autosomal pair possessed an interstitial dark C-band on the short arm; another pair possessed an interstitial dark C-band on the long arm. Whole C-heterochromatic short arms were observed in three subtelocentric autosomal pairs in the 2n=38 cytotype. Most of the other autosomal pairs possessed centromeric dark C-bands. Distinct dark C-bands were observed also in the presumed X chromosomes of both the cytotypes. The Ag-NOR regions were found on three autosomal pairs of both the cytotypes. These sites were located in telomeric areas of the short arms of two subtelocentric and one submetacentric pair.Öğe Chromosome banding pattern retrieves an independent origin of 2n=50 chromosome populations of Nannospalax xanthodon from Turkey(ELSEVIER GMBH, 2015) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanWe present the karyotype characteristics of four populations of mole rats (Nannospalax xanthodon) with 50 chromosomes investigated by C-banding and AgNOR staining. The populations studied originated from the Asiatic part of Turkey and the collecting sites were separated by geographic distance of several hundreds of kilometres. The comparative analysis showed that these populations differ, in spite of the identical diploid number of chromosomes, in various discrete cytogenetic markers. The overall amount of C-heterochromatin varied between populations, and also variation in the number and localization of C-heterochromatic autosomal short arms was observed. The nucleolar organizer regions occurred on two, three or four autosomal pairs. They were found usually in the telomeric position and were associated with the C-heterochromatic arms. These results indicate that a cytotype with the particular number of chromosomes may include several populations with different karyotypes that have evolved independently. We therefore assume that convergent evolution of karyotypes with the same diploid chromosome number is not exceptional in mole rats. (C) 2014 Deutsche Gesellschaft flir Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of the Chromosome Banding Pattern in the 2n=56 Cytotypes of Nannospalax leucodon and N. xanthodon from Turkey(HINDAWI LTD, 2014) Arslan, Atilla; Arisoy, Apdil; Zima, JanWe present the karyotype characteristics of five cytotypes of mole rats (Nannospalax) with 56 chromosomes revealed by the Cbanding and AgNOR staining analyses. We attempt to investigate if the specific distinction between the populations fromThrace (N. leucodon) andAnatolia (N. xanthodon) is reflected also in their karyotypic differentiation. The specimens from each of the five populations studied revealed a distinct karyotype which was different from those found in other populations. The fundamental number of autosomal arms varied from68 to 72. The amount of C-heterochromatin was larger in theThrace sample of N. leucodon compared to the Anatolian population of N. xanthodon. The active NOR sites were recorded on five autosomal pairs in N. leucodon, whereas only three or four pairs bearing NOR were observed in N. xanthodon. Differences between the studied populations were quantified in the analysis of the distribution pattern of the C-positive bands and the AgNOR sites in individual chromosomes which indicated a basal position of theThrace sample of N. leucodon and its divergence from other studied populations. The karyotypes of the 56-chromosome populations of N. leucodon and N. xanthodon are thus distinctly different.Öğe Comparison of the chromosome banding patterns in Dryomys laniger and D. nitedula from Turkey(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2016) Arslan, Atilla; Kankilic, Teoman; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Kankilic, Tolga; Zima, JanThe karyotypes of Dryomys laniger and D. nitedula from Turkey were studied using C-banding and AgNOR staining. The standard karyotypes found in both species were fairly similar to previously published data (2n = 46, NF = 92 in D. laniger; 2n = 48, NF = 96 in D. nitedula). The C-banding pattern revealed a relatively small amount of heterochromatin in both karyotypes and C-heterochromatin was concentrated at centromeric areas of most autosomes and the X chromosome. Heterochromatin changes have apparently not been responsible for karyotypic divergences between the studied species. The AgNORs were recorded in the pericentromeric region of two autosome pairs in the complement of D. laniger, and at a single autosome pair of D. nitedula. The complement of D. laniger could be derived from that of D. nitedula after a tandem fusion of two autosomal pairs, and the assumed rearrangement also included the NOR region.Öğe Comparison of the chromosome banding patterns in three species of social voles (Microtus irani karamani, M-schidlovskii, M-anatolicus) from Turkey(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2016) Arslan, Atilla; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, Serdar; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Zima, JanThe karyotypes of three species of social voles recently discovered in Turkey (Microtus irani karamani, M. schidlovskii, and M. anatolicus) were investigated. All specimens examined revealed similar karyotypes comprising 60 chromosomes in the diploid complement. All autosomes and the X chromosome were acrocentric. The subtelocentric Y chromosome was recorded in M. anatolicus but it was acrocentric in the other species. Dark C-bands were observed in centromeric/pericentromeric areas of all the acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome had a centromeric C-positive area and the Y chromosome was completely heterochromatic in all specimens examined. AgNORs were recorded in the pericentromeric region of seven autosome pairs in M. irani karamani, ten autosome pairs in M. schidlovskii, and eight autosome pairs of M. anatolicus. Differences in the NOR distribution between the species were quantified in a neighbor-joining tree. The individuals of M. anatolicus appeared as the basal branch in relation to the derived sister group of M. schidlovskii and M. irani karamani.Öğe Cytogenetic Investigations in Sciurus anomalus from Turkish Thrace (Rodentia: Sciuridae)(INST ZOOLOGY, BAS, 2012) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanIn this study, cytogenetic characteristics of Caucasian squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) from Thrace province of European Turkey were investigated. Conventional chromosome staining, Ag-NOR staining and C-banding analysis were carried out in the karyotype of two female specimens studied. The karyotype included 40 biarmed chromosomes (FN=80). Most of chromosomes had distinct positive C-heterochromatic regions in the centromeric areas. The short arms of two submetacentric autosomes appeared to be entirely C-heterochromatic, and a small submetacentric autosome possessed a dark C-band in the terminal region of the long arm. The NORs were localized in the telomeric areas of the C-positive short arms of two pairs of submetacentric autosomes possessing secondary constrictions. The distribution of C-heterochromatin regions and the active NORs differentiates the individuals from Thrace from the previously studied Caucasian squirrels from Anatolia.Öğe Distribution of C-heterochromatin and Nucleolar Organizer Regions in the Karyotype of Marbled Polecat, Vormela peregusna (Carnivora: Mustelidae)(INST ZOOLOGY, BAS, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanBanded chromosomes of a male marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna, from the Konya province in Turkey were studied. Conventional chromosome staining, Ag-NOR staining and C-banding were used to reveal the detailed morphology of the karyotype. The karyotype included eight metacentric, four submetacentric, five subtelocentric and one acrocentric autosomal pair (NFa = 70). The X chromosome was a medium-sized metacentric and the Y chromosome was a small submetacentric (NF = 74). C-heterochromatin regions were observed in large blocks forming the whole long arms of three metacentric and two submetacentric autosomal pairs, in telomeric regions of the short arms of two subtelocentric autosomal pairs, and in centromeric areas of six autosomes, including two metacentric, three subtelocentric and one acrocentric pair. The X chromosome appeared to be uniformly C-negatively stained and the short arm and centromeric area of the Y chromosome were entirely C-heterochromatic. The Ag-NOR regions were found within the large C-heterochromatic blocks on the long aims of two large metacentric and two large submetacentric autosomal pairs. Distinct differences in the karyotype morphology assessed according to the number of large C-heterochromatic blocks and nucleolar organizer regions were found between own findings and the previously published data.Öğe Heterochromatin distribution and localization of NORs in the 2n=48 cytotypes of Nannospalax xanthodon and N-ehrenbergi(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2017) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanWe compared the C-banding pattern and the NOR distribution in 3 populations of N. xanthodon and N. ehrenbergi with 48 chromosomes from Turkey, with the aim to reveal variations between and within species. We have found distinct variation in the C-banding and the NOR distribution pattern among the 3 populations compared; each of them possessed its own specific chromosomal features. However, it is not possible to distinguish between intra- and interspecific variation, and the observed patterns cannot be utilized for unequivocal species recognition.Öğe Heterochromatin distribution and localization of nucleolar organizing regions in the 2n=52 cytotypes of Nannospalax xanthodon and N-ehrenbergi from Turkey(BIODIVERSITY RESEARCH CENTER, ACAD SINICA, 2015) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanBackground: The blind mole rats (Spalacinae) are fossorial rodents exhibiting exceptionally extensive variation in the karyotype. The taxonomy of this group is not definitively resolved, and the species discrimination is often not clear, even with the use of chromosomal analyses. Results: We have studied the karyotype of three populations of blind mole rats (Spalacinae) from Anatolia classified tentatively as Nannospalax xanthodon (Bolu and Icel provinces) and Nannospalax ehrenbergi (Gaziantep province). C-banding and AgNOR staining were used in the cytogenetic analysis. In all populations, the karyotype comprised 52 chromosomes including 8 to 10 bi-armed and 17 to 15 acrocentric autosomal pairs. The centromeric position varied in the sex chromosomes between the populations. The C-positive centromeric bands occurred in most of the bi-armed autosomes and the sex chromosomes and in some of the acrocentric autosomes. The nucleolar organizer regions were localized in three (N. xanthodon) or five (N. ehrenbergi) autosomal pairs. Conclusions: It is difficult to find particular chromosomal differences between the studied populations which could enable unequivocal species identification. This finding emphasizes the need of taxonomic revision of the species structure within the Nannospalax genus.Öğe Karyotypes of the mammals of Turkey and neighbouring regions: a review(INST VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY AS CR, 2014) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanAvailable data on karyotypes of the mammals from Turkey and neighbouring regions (the Balkans, the Caucasus, and the Middle East) were summarized and reviewed in respect of their implications to taxonomy and systematics. In this review, previously unpublished data are presented in 20 species. Terrestrial mammals were taken into consideration, both the native and introduced. Altogether, 156 species occurring in the region concerned were included. The karyotype was studied in 109 of these species in Turkey, in most other species data are available from other geographic regions, and only three species remain unstudied cytogenetically. Intraspecific chromosomal variation (polymorphism or polytypy) was reported in 22 species. A karyotype different from the findings made in other regions was reported in Turkish populations of 17 species. Possible future directions of the cytogenetic investigations of mammals in the region are proposed.Öğe Karyotypes of three gerbil species of the genera Tatera and Gerbilliscus from Turkey and Senegal(UNIV ORADEA PUBL HOUSE, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Koubinova, Darina; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, SerdarIn this study, we examined karyotypes of three gerbil species of the genera Tatera add Gerbilliscus. The diploid number of 68 chromosomes was confirmed in all specimens of Tatera indica examined from southeastern Anatolia in Turkey. The C-band positive regions were distributed in centromeris areas of all the autosomal pairs and the X chromosome. The Y chromosome was stained uniformly and C-positively. The active NORs were localind in three out of eight pairs of biarmed autosomes (NF=86). Conventionally stained karyotypes were studied in two species of Gerbilliscus from Senegal, western Africa. The female karyotype of G. gambianus contained 52 chromosomes including one large subtelocentric, six submetacentric and 19 acrocentric pairs (NF=66). The female karyotype of G. guineae contained 50 chromosomes including a large metacentric, eight submetacentric and 16 acrocentric autosomal pairs (NF=68). Minor differences in chromosome morphology were observed in these studied species in comparison with previously published data.
