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    Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetic Profile of Levofloxacin Following Intravenous, Intramuscular and Oral Administration in Turkeys
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2014) Aboubakr, Mohamed; Üney, Kamil; Elmas, Muammer
    1. The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of levofloxacin in turkeys were investigated after a single intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and oral (PO) administration of 10mg/kg body weight.2. The concentrations of levofloxacin in plasma samples were assayed using a microbiological assay method and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis.3. Following IV administration, the elimination half-life (t(0.5())), volume of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) and total body clearance (Cl) were 4.49h, 1.31l/kg and 0.23l/h/kg, respectively.4. After single IM and PO administrations at the same dose, levofloxacin was rapidly absorbed as indicated by an absorption half-life (t(0.5ab)) of 1.02 and 0.76h, respectively; maximum plasma concentrations (C-max) of 5.59 and 5.15g/ml were obtained at a maximum time (T-max) of 2 h for both routes and levofloxacin bioavailability (F) was 96.5h and 79.9% respectively after IM and PO administration. In vitro plasma protein binding of levofloxacin was 24.3%.5. Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters, a dose of 10mg/kg body weight given intramuscularly or orally every 24h in turkeys can maintain effective plasma concentrations with bacterial infections with (minimum inhibitory concentration) MIC90>0.1g/ml.
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    Effect of ceftriaxone on blood pressure, respiration and its analgesic and antipyretic activities
    (Selçuk Ünivesitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi, 2012) Aboubakr, Mohamed; Elsayed, Mossad; Elkomy, Ashraf
    Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı seftriaksonun köpeklerde kan basıncı ve solunuma etkisini aratırmaktır. Ayrıca seftriaksonun fare ve ratlarda anajezik ve antipretik etkiliği de araştırıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Faklı dozlarda seftriaksonun (26.66, 53.33, 106.66 mg/kg, IV) anestezi altındaki köpeklerde kan basıncı ve solunuma etkisi belirlendi. İki farklı dozda seftriaksonun ise fare ve ratlarda anajezik ve antipretik etkinliği belirlendi. Bulgular: Seftriaksonun anestezi altındaki köpeklerin kan basıncı ve solunuma etkisinin olmadığı belirlendi. Ancak seftriaksonun (260 ve 520 mg/kg) dört saat süresince analjezik ve 180 ile 360 mg/kg dozlarda sırasıyla 2.5 ve 1.5 saat süresince antipretik etkinlik gösterdiği belirlendi. Öneri: Seftriakson bakterial ve ateşli enfeksiyonlarda antibakteriyel, analjezik ve antipretik etkinliğinden dolayı tercih edilebilir.
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    Pharmacokinetics of Cefquinome in Red-eared Slider Turtles (Trachemys Scripta Elegans) After Single Intravenous and Intramuscular Injections
    (John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2018) Üney, Kamil; Altan, Feray; Çetin, Gül; Aboubakr, Mohamed; Dik, Burak; Sayın, Zafer; Er, Ayşe; Elmas, Muammer
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefquinome (CFQ) following single intravenous (IV) or intramuscular (IM) injections of 2 mg/kg body weight in red-eared slider turtles. Plasma concentrations of CFQ were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed using noncompartmental methods. The pharmacokinetic parameters following IV injection were as follows: elimination half-life (t1/2λz) 21.73 ± 4.95 hr, volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) 0.37 ± 0.11 L/kg, area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC0–∞) 163 ± 32 μg hr−1 ml−1, and total body clearance (ClT) 12.66 ± 2.51 ml hr−1 kg−1. The pharmacokinetic parameters after IM injection were as follows: peak plasma concentration (Cmax) 3.94 ± 0.84 μg/ml, time to peak concentration (Tmax) 3 hr, t1/2λz 26.90 ± 4.33 hr, and AUC0–∞ 145 ± 48 μg hr−1 ml−1. The bioavailability after IM injection was 88%. Data suggest that CFQ has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with a long half-life and a high bioavailability in red-eared slider turtles. Further studies are needed to establish a multiple dosage regimen and evaluate clinical efficacy.
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    Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) after single intravenous and intramuscular injections
    (Amer Veterinary Medical Association, 2016) Üney, Kamil; Altan, Feray; Aboubakr, Mohamed; Çetin, Gül; Dik, Burak
    To determine the pharmacokinetics of meloxicam after single IV and IM injections in red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans). ANIMALS 8 healthy red-eared slider turtles. PROCEDURES Turtles received 1 dose of meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) IV or IM (4 turtles/route), a 30-day washout period was provided, and then turtles received the same dose by the opposite route. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times for measurement of plasma meloxicam concentration. Pharmacokinetic values for each administration route were determined with a 2-compartment open model approach. RESULTS For IV administration, mean +/- SD values of major pharmacokinetic variables were 1.02 +/- 0.41 hours for distribution half-life, 9.78 +/- 2.23 hours for elimination half-life, 215 +/- 32 mL/kg for volume of distribution at steady state, 11.27 +/- 1.44 mu g.h/mL for area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, and 18.00 +/- 2.32 mL/h/kg for total body clearance. For IM administration, mean values were 0.35 +/- 0.06 hours for absorption half-life, 0.72 +/- 0.06 mu g/mL for peak plasma concentration, 1.5 +/- 0.0 hours for time to peak concentration, 3.73 +/- 2.41 hours for distribution half-life, 13.53 +/- 1.95 hours for elimination half-life, 11.33 +/- 0.92 mu g.h/mL for area under the plasma concentration versus time curve, and 101 +/- 6% for bioavailability. No adverse reactions were detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Long half-life, high bioavailability, and lack of immediate adverse reactions of meloxicam administered IM at 0.2 mg/kg suggested the possibility of safe and effective clinical use in turtles. Additional studies are needed to establish appropriate administration frequency and clinical efficacy.
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    PLASMA DISPOSITION OF CEFOPERAZONE AFTER SINGLE INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATIONS IN CAMELS (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)
    (AKADEMIAI KIADO ZRT, 2018) Aboubakr, Mohamed; Soliman, Ahmed; Uney, Kamil; Elmas, Muammer
    The plasma disposition of cefoperazone was investigated after intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) administrations of 20 mg/kg as a single dose in six camels (Camelus dromedarius) in a crossover design. Blood plasma samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). After IV administration, elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)), volume of distribution at steady state (V-dss), total body clearance (Cl-tot) and mean residence time (MRT) of cefoperazone were 1.95 h, 0.38 L/kg, 0.17 L/h/kg and 2.16 h, respectively. After IM administration of cefoperazone, peak plasma concentration (C-max) was 21.95 mu g/mL and it was obtained at (t(max)) 1.23 h. Absorption half-life (t(1/2ab)), elimination half-life and mean absorption time were 0.45 h, 2.84 h and 2.07 h, respectively. The bioavailability of cefoperazone was 89.42%. The lack of local reaction or any other adverse effects and the very good bioavailability following IM administration indicate that cefoperazone might be a promising alternative treatment for a variety of infectious diseases in camels.