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Öğe Effect of Intraperitoneal Selenium Administration on Liver Glycogen Levels in Rats Subjected to Acute Forced Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Akil, Mustafa; Bicer, Mursel; Kilic, Mehmet; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Mogulkoc, Rasim; Baltaci, Abdulkerim KasimThere are a few of studies examining how selenium, which is known to reduce oxidative damage in exercise, influences glucose metabolism and exhaustion in physical activity. The present study aims to examine how selenium administration affects liver glycogen levels in rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study included 32 Sprague-Dawley type male rats, which were equally allocated to four groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2; selenium-supplemented control (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite); Group 3, swimming control; Group 4, selenium-supplemented swimming (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite). Liver tissue samples collected from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. From the tissue samples buried into paraffin, 5-A mu m cross-sections were obtained using a microtome, put on a microscope slide, and stained with PAS. Stained preparations were assessed using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained with the light microscope were transferred to a PC and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. The highest liver glycogen levels were found in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). The levels in group 4 were lower than those in groups 1 and 2 but higher than the levels in group 3 (p < 0.05). The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in group 3 (p < 0.05). Results of the study indicate that liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise can be restored by selenium administration. It can be argued that physiological doses of selenium administration can contribute to performance.Öğe Effect of Long-Term Intraperitoneal Zinc Administration on Liver Glycogen Levels in Diabetic Rats Subjected to Acute Forced Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Bicer, Mursel; Gunay, Mehmet; Akil, Mustafa; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Mogulkoc, Rasim; Baltaci, Abdulkerim KasimThis study aims to examine the effect of zinc administration on liver glycogen levels of rats in which diabetes was induced with streptozotocin and which were subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study was conducted on 80 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats, which were equally allocated to eight groups: group 1, general control; group 2, zinc-administrated control; group 3, zinc-administrated diabetic control; group 4, swimming control; group 5, zinc-administrated swimming; group 6, zinc-administrated diabetic swimming; group 7, diabetic swimming; group 8, diabetic control group. In order to induce diabetes, animals were injected with 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) streptozotocin. The injections were repeated in the same dose after 24 h. Animals which had blood glucose at or above 300 mg/dl 6 days after the last injections were accepted as diabetic. Zinc was administrated ip for 4 weeks as 6 mg/kg/day per rat. Hepatic tissue samples taken from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. Cross sections of 5 A mu m thickness, taken by the help of a microtome from the tissue samples buried in paraffin, were placed on a microscope slide and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and evaluated by light microscope. All microscopic images were transferred to a PC and assessed with the help of Clemex PE3.5 image analysis software. The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were obtained in groups 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. Liver glycogen levels in group 5 were higher than groups 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, but lower than groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 2 had the highest liver glycogen levels. The results obtained from the study indicate that liver glycogen levels which dropped in acute swimming exercise were restored by zinc administration and that diabetes induced in rats prevented the protective effect of zinc.Öğe Effect of melatonin on element distribution in the liver tissue of diabetic rats subjected to forced exercise(COMENIUS UNIV, 2015) Biçer, Mürsel; Akil, Mustafa; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Akkuş, HasanThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of melatonin supplementation on elements in the liver of diabetic rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Eighty adult male rats were equally divided into eight groups. Group 1, general control. Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control. Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetic control. Group 4, swimming control. Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming. Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming. Group 7, diabetic swimming. Group 8, diabetic control. Liver tissue samples were analyzed for lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chrome, sulphur, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, iron, calcium, zinc, selenium. The highest cobalt, chrome values were found in the groups 7, 8 and the groups 5, 6 respectively. Groups 3 and 7 had the highest copper values. Iron and potassium values were higher in the groups 1 and 4. Group 6 had increased magnesium value, and groups 6, 7, 8 were found to have the highest manganese levels. The highest lead values were found in the groups 5 and 6. Group 6 had the highest selenium levels. The highest zinc levels were established in 1 and 2. Groups 1, 2, 5 and 6 were found to have the highest calcium values. The results of our study indicate that melatonin supplementation in diabetes and forced exercise significantly alters the element metabolism in the liver (Tab. 3, Ref. 33). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe The effect of selenium supplementation on elements distribution in liver of rats subject to strenuous swimming(COMENIUS UNIV, 2013) Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Akil, Mustafa; Biçer, Mürsel; Kılıç, Mehmet; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimThe present study aims to explore how selenium supplementation affects the element distribution in the liver tissue of rats subjected to strenuous swimming exercise. Thirty-two Spraque-Dawley male rats were equally divided into the four groups: Group 1, normal control group. Group 2, selenium-supplemented, non-swimming (0.6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite) group. Group 3, swimming, no supplementation group. Group 4, swimming, selenium-supplemented (0.6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite) group. After one month, the animals were decapitated and liver tissue samples were collected to determine the levels of lead, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, chromium, sulfur, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, iron, zinc and selenium. The chromium, molybdenum, iron, sodium and potassium values were higher in the swimming groups, relative to controls. Group 3 had significantly lower lead levels (p<0.001). The highest cobalt levels were obtained in the Group 1 and that of the Group 2 was higher than in the Groups 3 and 4. The boron values in the Group 3 were higher than those in all other groups. The copper and magnesium levels were higher in the Groups 3 and 4, compared to the Groups 1 and 2. The highest phosphorus levels were found in the Group 1. The highest selenium and zinc values were obtained in the Group 2 and those of the Group 4 were higher than in the Groups 1 and 3. Group 1 had higher selenium and zinc levels than the Group 3. The results of the present study demonstrated that selenium-supplemented rats subjected to strenuous swimming exercise had distinct elements distribution in liver tissue. Also, selenium supplementation offsets the decrease in zinc levels in rats subjected to vigorous swimming (Tab. 3, Ref. 20). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Lipid Peroxidation, Antioxidant Enzymes, and Lactate Levels in Rats Immediately After Acute Swimming Exercise(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Akil, Mustafa; Gurbuz, Umit; Bicer, Mursel; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Mogulkoc, Rasim; Baltaci, Abdulkerim KasimThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of selenium supplementation on lipid peroxidation and lactate levels in rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Thirty-two adult male rats of Sprague-Dawley type were divided into four groups. Group 1, control; group 2, selenium-supplemented; group 3, swimming control; group 4, selenium-supplemented swimming group. The animals in groups 2 and 4 were supplemented with (i.p.) 6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite for 4 weeks. The blood samples taken from the animals by decapitation method were analyzed in terms of erythrocyte-reduced glutathione (GSH), serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate using the colorimetric method, and serum selenium values using an atomic emission device. In the study, the highest MDA and lactate values were found in group 3, while the highest GSH, GPx and SOD values were obtained in group 4 (p < 0,001). Group 2 had the highest and group 3 had the lowest selenium levels (p < 0,001). Results of the study indicate that the increase in free radical production and lactate levels due to acute swimming exercise in rats might be offset by selenium supplementation. Selenium supplementation may be important in that it supports the antioxidant system in physical activity.Öğe Effect of zinc supplementation on lipid peroxidation and lactate levels in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin and subjected to acute swimming exercise(COMENIUS UNIV, 2012) Biçer, Mürsel; Günay, Mehmet; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Üney, Kamil; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Akil, MustafaObjective: The present study aims to explore the effect of zinc supplementation on lipid peroxidation and lactate levels in rats having diabetes induced by streptozotocin and subjected to acute swimming exercise Method: A total of 80 adult male rats of Sprague-Dawley type were equally allocated to 8 groups: Group 1, general control. Group 2, zinc-supplemented group. Group 3, zinc-supplemented, diabetic group. Group 4, swimming control group. Group 5, zinc-supplemented swimming group. Group 6, zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming group. Group 7, diabetic swimming group. Group 8, diabetic group. At the end of the 4-week study, blood samples were collected to determine MDA, GSH, GPx, SOD, lactate and zinc levels. Results: The highest MDA values were found in group 7 and 8 (p<0.001). GSH values in groups 5 and 6 were higher (p<0.001). The highest GPx values were established in groups 2, 5 and 6 (p<0.001). SOD values were the highest in groups 5 and 6 (p<0.001) and lowest in groups 2, 3 and 8 (p<0.001). The highest plasma lactate levels were found in group 7 (p<0.001). The highest zinc levels were obtained in groups 1,2 and 5 (p<0.001), and the lowest zinc levels were found in groups 7 and 8 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Results of the study reveal that zinc supplementation prevents the increase in free radical formation, suppression of antioxidant activity and muscle exhaustion, all of which result from diabetes and acute exercise. Zinc supplementation may contribute to health and performance in diabetes and acute exercise (Tab. 2, Fig. 1 Ref. 47). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of various elements in the serum of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise(SPRINGER, 2011) Bicer, Mursel; Akil, Mustafa; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Kara, Ersan; Baltaci, Abdulkerim Kasim; Mogulkoc, RasimThe present study aims to examine the effect of supplementation of zinc on the distribution of various elements in the sera of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise. A total of 80 Sprague-Dawley-type adult male rats were equally allocated to one of eight groups: Group 1, general; Group 2, zinc-supplemented; Group 3, zinc-supplemented diabetic; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, zinc-supplemented swimming; Group 6, zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; and Group 8, diabetes. The rats were injected with 40 mg/kg/day subcutaneous streptozotocin (STZ) twice, with a 24-h interval between two injections. Zinc was supplemented at a dose of 6 mg/kg/day (ip) for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the 4-week study, and serum levels of lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chrome, sulfur, magnesium, manganese, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, iron, calcium, zinc, and selenium (mg/L) were determined with atomic emission. The lowest molybdenum, chrome, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, lead, selenium, and zinc values were obtained in Group 7 and 8. These same parameters were higher in the swimming exercise group (Group 4), relative to all other groups. The values in zinc-supplemented groups were found lower than the values in Group 4, but higher than those in Group 6 and 7. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that acute swimming exercise and diabetes affect the distribution of various elements in the serum, while zinc supplementation can prevent the negative conditions associated with both exercise and diabetes.Öğe Effects of Zinc Supplementation on the Element Distribution in Kidney Tissue of Diabetic Rats Subjected to Acute Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2012) Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Bicer, Mursel; Akil, Mustafa; Baltaci, Abdulkerim Kasim; Mogulkoc, RasimIn this study, we report the effect of zinc supplementation on the distribution of elements in kidney tissue of diabetic rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Diabetes was induced by two subcutaneous injections of 40 mg/kg of streptozotocin within a 24-h period. Zinc was given intraperitoneally at a dose of 6 mg/kg per day for a period of 4 weeks. The rats (n = 80) were equally divided into eight study groups: controls, zinc-supplemented, swimming, diabetic, zinc-supplemented diabetic, zinc-supplemented swimming, diabetic swimming, and zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming. The levels of lead, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, boron, magnesium, iron, copper, calcium, zinc, and selenium were determined in the kidney tissue samples by ICP-AES. Higher molybdenum, calcium, zinc, and selenium values were found in both swimming and nonswimming diabetic rats. Significantly higher iron values were found in swimming, diabetic, diabetic swimming, and zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming rats (p < 0.001). Diabetic, zinc-supplemented diabetic, diabetic swimming, and zinc-supplemented diabetic swimming rats had the highest copper values. These results show that zinc supplementation normalized the higher levels of molybdenum, calcium, selenium, and iron levels seen in diabetic rats, indicating that zinc may have a regulatory effect on element metabolism in kidney tissue.Öğe Examination on the anthropometric features and somatotypes of the male children at the age of 16(ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER, 2011) Polat, Yahya; Biçer, Mürsel; Patlar, Süleyman; Akil, Mustafa; Günay, Mehmet; Çelenk, ÇağrıObjectives.-The aim of the study is to examine the anthropometric values and the somatotypes of male children from different branches in physical education lessons and regular movement training. Methods.-Two hundred and eighteen volunteer subjects at the age of 16, namely, 68 soccer players, 89 persons practising fitness and 70 sedentary have participated in the study. In the research, sitting height, crawl length, body width parameters, body environment and sonnatotypic parameters of the subjects are measured. In this work, the highest humeral width value is achieved by the soccer group, where it is found to be no different from the fitness group (P > 0.05) and to be significantly higher than the sedentary group (P < 0.05). When femur width parameter is examined, it is determined that the soccer group is higher than the other two groups and that the fitness group is significantly higher than the sedentary group. In the study, while the highest endomorph value is obtained from sedentary group, it is found to be significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). While the highest mesomorph value is achieved from soccer group and the lowest value is achieved from sedentary group, it is determined that each of these three groups is significantly different from one another (P < 0.05). While the highest ectomorph value is achieved from fitness group (P < 0.05), it is found to be significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions.-Consequently, it can be said that the soccer players have more optimal dimension, environment and somatotypical structure when compared to those practising fitness and the sedentary group (P < 0.05). (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Öğe Interactive effects of melatonin, exercise and diabetes on liver glycogen levels(VIA MEDICA, 2011) Bicer, Mursel; Akil, Mustafa; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Kilic, Mehmet; Mogulkoc, Rasim; Baltaci, Abdulkerim KasimBackground: This study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin supplementation on liver glycogen levels in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and subjected to acute swimming exercise. Material and methods: Eighty Sprague-Dawley type adult male rats were divided into eight groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-supplemented control; Group 3, melatonin-supplemented diabetes; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-supplemented swimming; Group 6, melatonin-supplemented diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Melatonin was supplemented at a dose of 3 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for four weeks. Liver tissue samples were collected and evaluated using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained from the light microscope were transferred to PC medium and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. Results: The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were found in group 4. Liver glycogen levels in groups 3, 6, 7 and 8 (the diabetic groups) were higher than group 4, but lower than those in groups 1 and 2. The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in groups 1 and 2. Conclusions: The study indicates that melatonin supplementation maintains the liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise, while induced diabetes prevents this maintenance effect in rats. (Pol J Endocrinol 2011; 62 (3): 252-255)Öğe Protective effect of melatonin on lipid peroxidation in various tissues of diabetic rats subjected to an acute swimming exercise(COMENIUS UNIV, 2012) Biçer, Mürsel; Akil, Mustafa; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Sivrikaya, Abdullah; Günay, Mehmet; Akkuş, HasanBackground: The present study aimed to explore the effect of melatonin administration on lipid peroxidation in various tissues of rats with streptozocin induced diabetes and subjected to an acute swimming exercise. Methods: The study used 80 adult male rats, which were equally allocated to 8 groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2, melatonin-administered control; Group 3, melatonin-administered diabetic control; Group 4, swimming control; Group 5, melatonin-administered swimming; Group 6, melatonin-administered diabetic swimming; Group 7, diabetic swimming; Group 8, diabetic control. Diabetic rats were administered 3 mg/kg/day ip melatonin for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, the animals were decapitated to collect samples from liver, lung and spleen tissues, which were then analyzed to determine levels of liver MDA (nmol/gram/protein) and GSH (mg/g/protein). Results: The highest MDA values in liver, lung and spleen tissues were obtained in the Group 7. The values in the Group 8 were lower than those in the Group 7, but higher than in all other groups. The Group 5 and 6 had the highest liver, lung and spleen GSH values. Conclusion: Results obtained from the study indicate that the increase in free radical production and the inhibition of antioxidant activity in diabetes and acute exercise are both prevented by melatonin administration (Tab. 2, Ref. 30). Full Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Selenium prevents lipid peroxidation in liver and lung tissues of rats in acute swimming exercise(COMENIUS UNIV, 2015) Akil, Mustafa; Gürbüz, Ümit; Biçer, Mürsel; Halifeoğlu, I.; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimBackground: Selenium, which is critical for human health, is necessary for various metabolic processes, including thyroid hormone metabolism, protection against oxidative stress, and immune function. Objective: The present study aims to examine how selenium administration affects lipid peroxidation in liver and lung tissues of rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Methods: The study included 32 Spraque-Dawley adult male rats divided into Group 1 (general control), Group 2 (selenium-administered), Group 3 (swimming), and Group 4 (selenium-administered swimming). MDA and GSH levels were determined in liver and lung tissues. Results: The highest MDA values in the liver and lung tissues were found in group 3 in the study. MDA value in group 4 was higher than those in groups 1 and 2. Group 4 had the highest liver and lung GSH levels. GSH levels in Group 3 were higher than those in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that acute swimming exercise causes lipid peroxidation in liver and lung tissues, while selenium administration prevents free radical formation by increasing antioxidant activity (Tab. 2, Ref. 26). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.Öğe Selenium supplementation prevents lipid peroxidation caused by arduous exercise in rat brain tissue(COMENIUS UNIV, 2011) Akil, Mustafa; Biçer, Mürsel; Menevşe, Esma; Baltacı, Abdulkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimBackground: The objective of the present study is to examine how selenium supplementation affects lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue of rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. Methods: The study was carried out on 32 Spraque-Dawley adult male rats, which were allocated equally to four groups, namely general control (Group 1), selenium-supplemented control (0.6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite) (Group 2), swimming control (Group 3), and selenium-supplemented swimming group (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite) (Group 4). Selenium supplementations were carried out by intraperitoneal (i.p.) route for four weeks. At the end of supplementation, animals in groups 3 and 4 were subjected to acute swimming. Brain tissue samples were collected from decapitated animals to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) levels using a spectrophotometer according to "Schimadzu-1601, Japan" Uchiyama and Mihara and GSH levels using a spectrophotometer according to Ellmann. Results: The highest MDA values in the brain tissue were obtained in Group 3 (p<0.001). MDA values in Group 4 were higher than those in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001). Brain tissue MDA values in Groups 1 and 2 did not differ. Group 4 had the highest brain GSH levels (p<0.001). Brain tissue glutathione (GSH) levels in Group 3 were higher than those in Groups 1 and 2 (p<0.001). Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that acute swimming exercise in rats increased the lipid peroxidation in the brain tissue of rats, while selenium supplementation prevented the free-radical formation by enhancing the antioxidant activity (Tab. 1, Ref. 24). Full Text in free PDF www.bmj.sk.Öğe Selenium: Its metabolism and relation to exercise(UNIV KARACHI, 2016) Baltaci, Abdulkerim Kasim; Mogulkoc, Rasim; Akil, Mustafa; Bicer, MurselSelenium (Se), which is commonly found in nature, is one of the essential trace elements necessary for the normal development of human and animal organisms. Selenium was first defined in 1818 by the Swedish Chemist Berzelius in sulfuric acid residues. At the end of 1960s, the role of selenium in human health began to attract attention and human diseases that resembled animal diseases responding to selenium was started to be investigated. Selenium, which is highly important for human health, is necessary for a variety of metabolic processes, including thyroid hormone metabolism, protection against oxidative stress and immunity functions. Selenium is a molecule that activates glutathione peroxidase, and thus, it is involved in the antioxidant mechanisms that prevent oxidant damage. Exhaustive physical exercise is known to cause oxidant damage, probably by promoting free radical production in many tissues, including muscle, liver, heart and lungs in animals. The increase in oxidative stress during exercise and recognition of selenium's stimulation of antioxidant activity inevitably suggest a relation between selenium and exercise: The present review aims to provide information on selenium metabolism and the relation between selenium and exercise.
