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Öğe Ağaç sincabının (sciurus anomalus) (guldenstaedt, 1785) (mammalia:rodentia) çiğneme kasları üzerinde makro-anatomik araştırmalar(2003) Yalçın, Hakan; Arslan, Atilla; Tıpırdamaz, SadettinBu çalışmada 8 adet (5 erkek ve 3 dişi) ergin ağaç sincabı (S. anomalus) kullanıldı. Çiğneme kasları (m. masseter, m. temporalis, m. pterygoideus ve m. digastricus ve m. zygomaticomandibularis) diseke edilerek incelendi. M. masseter'in pars superficialis'inin for. infraorbitale'nin altındaki tuber faciale'den orijin aldığı ve mandibula'nın proc. angularis'inin lateral yüzündeki kabartıya yapıştığı belirlendi. M. masseter'in pars profunda'sının anterior bölümünün, os maxilla'nin lateral yüzündeki fossa'dan orijin aldığı ve mandibula'nın lateralindeki ventral masseterik kabartı çizgisine yapıştığı tespit edildi.Öğe Ağaç ve yer sincaplarının (Rodentia: Sciuridae) kafa kemikleri üzerinde karşılaştırmalı morfolojik bir araştırma(2009) Yalçın, Hakan; Arslan, AtillaSunulan çalışmada, 10 adet ağaç sincabı (Sciurus anomalus, 5, 5) ve 10 adet de yer sincabı (Spermophilius xanthoprymnus, 5, 5) kullanıldı. Makro-anatomik açıdan incelendiğinde, sincap (Rodentia: Sciuridae) türlerinin kafa kemikleri arasında bazı morfolojik farklılıklar mevcuttu. Sincap türlerinin kafalarının dorsal’indeki kemiklerde; crista nuchae, crista sagittalis externa, os frontale, incisura supraorbitale, sutura coronalis, os temporale, arcus zygomaticus, os lacrimale ve os nasale gibi anatomik yapılarda belirgin farklılıklar vardı. Kafanın ventral yüzündeki kemiklerin anatomik yapısı üzerindeki; condylus occipitalis, suturalar, dişler ve fossa gibi oluşumlar üzerinde de bazı morfolojik farklılıklar gözlendi.Öğe Ağaç, Yer Si?ncabı ve Ratın Mandıbula'sı Üzeri?nde Karşılaştırmalı Makro-anatomi?k, Mekani?k ve Geometri?k Morfometri?k Çalışma(Selçuk Üniversitesi, 2007) Yalçın, Hakan; Kayış, Seyit Ali; Arslan, AtillaBu çalışma karşılaştırmalı olarak üç tür rodent (kemirici) üzerinde yapıldı. On adet ergin ağaç sincabi (Sciurus anomalus, 5 erkek, 5 dişi), on adet ergin yer sincabi (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus, 4 erkek, 6 dişi) ve on adette 60 günlük Rat-Sprague Dawley (Rattus norvegicus, 5 erkek, 5 dişi) kullanıldı. Çalışma içinde sağ mandibula'ların (çene kemikleri) lateral yüzleri kullanıldı. Araştırmadaki ağaç, yer sincabi ve ratin mandibula'ları "makro-anatomik" olarak karşılaştırıldı. Ratlar, sincaplarla kıyaslandığında en belirgin olarak; lateral yüzde incisura mandibula'nın rostro-ventralinde kemiksel bir çıkıntı mevcuttu ve proc. coronoideus daha kısa ve düzdü. Medial yüzdeki fossa pterygoidea oluşumu yer sincaplarında daha derin, ratta ise daha sığdi. Memelilerden farklı olarak her üç türde de fossa masseterica'yı dorsal ve ventral olarak sınırlayan masseterik çizgiler mevcuttu. Çene kemiği üzerinden alınan bazı metrik ölçümler bakimindan (Sd, Sv. Ad. Td). yer sincabi ve rat çok benzerdi. Ayrıca üç türe ait mandibula kemiğindeki çiğneme kaslarının "mekanik avantajları hesaplandı. Genelde ağaç sincabındaki çene kaslarının mekanik avantajları, yer sincaplarından yüksek bulundu. Buna karşın ağaç sincabi, ratla karşılaştırıldığında sadece iki çene kasinin (Sd, Sv) yüksek, bir kasin (Ad) düşük, diğer iki kasin (Tv, Td) ise benzer mekanik avantajlara sahip oldukları belirlendi. Ratlar ise yer sincaplanı ile kıyaslandığında, genelde çene kaslarının mekanik avantajı (Sd, Ad, Tv) yüksekti veya bazıları (Sv. Td) benzerdi. M. temporalis in dorsal fibrillen (Td)'nin mekanik avantajı ise her üç türde de ayniydi. Bu araştırmada üç kemirgen türüne ait mandibula şekilleri "Geometrik Morfometrik" metoduyla tür ve cinsiyot farklılığı bakımından da karşılaştırıldı. Bu amaçla çene kemiğinde 16 adet homolog landmark noktas: tespit edildi. Elde edilen şekillere ait veriler Geometrik Morfometrik yöntemiyle analiz edildi. İlk iki temel bileşen-TB (PC-RW) ile türler ayırt edilebildi. İlk iki TB, şekillere ait toplam varyansin % 71 ini açıkladı (TB1%37, TB2:934). Deformasyon ağ izgarası çizilerek örneklerdeki landmark'ların hareket yönlerine ait farkliliklar belirlendi. Şekil bakımından orthogonal karşılaştırmalar sonucu sadece tür faktörünün istatistiki olarak önemli olduğu gözlendi.Öğe The banded karyotype of the 2n=58 chromosomal race of mole rats from Erzincan, Turkey(INST VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY AS CR, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanIn this study, the 2n = 58 chromosomal race of blind mole rats, Nannospalax xanthodon, from the Erzincan province in Turkey was investigated. Conventional chromosome staining, Ag-NOR staining and C-banding analysis were carried out in the specimens studied. The karyotype included three small or medium-sized meta/submetacentric pairs and twenty-five acrocentric pairs of autosomes of gradually diminishing size (NFa = 62). C-heterochromatin regions were found in centromeric and pericentromeric areas or in short arms of some bi-armed autosomal pairs and in pericentromeric areas of a few acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome had a centromeric C-positive band and the short arm of the Y chromosome appeared to be C-positively stained. The NORs were localized in distal heterochromatin areas of the short arms of two pairs of biarmed and one pair of acrocentric autosomes. Within the 58 chromosome populations reported from Turkey, two groups can be recognized differing by the presence or absence of a large submetacentric autosomal pair. The populations possessing this marker chromosome occur in central and northern Anatolia, whereas populations form eastern Anatolia have no similar chromosome in their karyotype.Öğe Banded karyotype of the Konya wild sheep (Ovis orientalis anatolica Valenciennes, 1856) from Turkey(PENSOFT PUBLISHERS, 2011) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanThe karyotype, C-banding, and nucleoar organizer regions (NORs) of eight specimens of Konya wild sheep from Turkey were examined. The complement included six large metacentric autosomes, 46 acrocentric autosomes of decreasing size, a medium-sized acrocentric X chromosome, and a small bi-armed Y chromosome (the diploid chromosome number 2n=54, the number of autosomal arms NFa=58, the number of chromosome arms NF=61). G-banding allowed reliable identification of all the chromosome pairs and the pairing of homologous elements. All the autosomes possessed distinct centromeric or pericentromeric C-positive bands. The X chromosome had a pericentromeric C-positive band, and the Y chromosome was entirely C-heterochromatic. The NORs were located in the terminal regions of the long arms of three metacentric and two acrocentric autosomes. The karyotype of the Konya wild sheep and its banding patterns are quite similar to chromosome complement reported in domestic sheep and European mouflon.Öğe Banded Karyotypes of Allactaga Williamsi From Central Anatolia(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2010) Arslan, Atilla; Zıma, JanA chromosomal study of 2 populations of Allactaga williamsi from Konya province in Central Anatolia, Turkey, was performed. The diploid number of 48 chromosomes was found in all of the 5 specimens examined. All of the chromosomes except the Y were biarmed and could be identified by unique G-banding patterns. The C-banding analysis revealed a considerable amount of constitutive heterochromatin in all chromosomes. The C-band positive regions were distributed mainly in centromeric areas, whereas the Y chromosome stained uniformly and C-negatively. The active NORs were localized in 2 pairs of small metacentric and submetacentric autosomes. The species of the genus Allactaga are apparently conservative in their karyotypic structure.Öğe Banded karyotypes of the Persian squirrel Sciurus anomalus from Turkey(FIRENZE UNIV PRESS, 2008) Arslan, Atilla; Albayrak, İrfan; Oshida, TatsuoKaryotypes of seven males and three females of the Persian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus, were analyzed with G- and C-banding techniques and Ag-NOR (nucleolus organizer region) staining. All specimens had the diploid number (2n) of 40 and fundamental autosomal arm number (FN) of 76. The autosomal complement comprised 6 pairs of metacentrics and 13 pairs of submetacentrics. The X chromosome was a medium-sized metacentric. The Y chromosome was a small submetacentric. In the C-banded karyotype, except for centromeric heterochromatin, heterochromatin blocks were absent. Only the terminal region of one medium-sized metacentric pair had detectable Ag-NORs. The uniqueness of the chromosomal characteristics of S. anomalus suggests that S. anomalus is distantly related to the other Old World Sciurus species (S. lis and S. vulgaris).Öğe C- and NOR stained karyotypes of mole rat, Nannospalax xanthodon (2n 54) from Kırıkkale, Turkey(2011) Arslan, Atilla; Toyran, Kubilay; Gözütok, Serdar; Yorulmaz, TarkanBu çalışmada, Kırıkkale’deki Nannospalax xanthodon üsttürüne ait kör farelerin 2n 54 kromozomal formu araştırıldı. Kör fare örnekleri üzerine standart kromozom boyama, Ag-NOR (Nükleolar Organizatör Bölge) boyama ve C-bantlama analizi uygulandı. Karyotip üç çift metasentrik (no. 1-3), üç çift submetasentrik (no. 4-6), üç çift subtelosentrik (no. 7-9) ve onyedi çift akrosentrik (no. 10-26) kromozom içerir (NFa 70). C-heterokromatin bölgeler bazı iki kollu otozomal çiftlerin sentromerik, perisentromerik ve kısa kollarında bulundu ve C-heterokromatin birkaç akrosentrik kromozomun perisentromerik bölgesinde lokalize olmuştu. X kromozom sentromerik bir C-pozitif banda sahiptir ve Y kromozomunun tek tip ve C-negatif boyandığı ortaya çıktı. NOR’lar çalışılan bütün örneklerde dört çift (no. 4, 5, 8, 9) iki kollu otozomların kısa kollarının heterokromatin bölgelerinde lokalize olmuştur.Öğe C- and NOR stained karyotypes of mole rat, Nannospalax xanthodon (2n=54) from Kirikkale, Turkey(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2011) Arslan, Atilla; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, Serdar; Yorulmaz, TarkanIn the present study, the 2n = 54 chromosomal race of blind mole rats, Nannospalax xanthodon superspecies, from Kirikkale Province in Turkey was investigated. Conventional chromosome staining, Ag-NOR (Nucleolus Organizer Region) staining, and C-banding analysis were carried out on specimens of mole rats. The karyotype including 3 metacentric pairs (nos. 1-3), 3 submetacentric pairs (nos. 4-6), 3 subtelocentric pairs (nos. 7-9), and 17 acrocentric pairs (nos. 10-26) of autosomes (NFa = 70). C-heterochromatin regions were found in the centromeric and pericentromeric region and the short arms of some bi-armed autosomal pairs, and C-heterochromatin was localized in pericentromeric areas of a few acrocentric autosomes. The X chromosome has a centromeric C-positive band and the Y chromosome appeared to be uniformly and C-negatively stained. In all of the specimens studied the NORs were localized in distal heterochromatin areas of the short arms of 4 pairs (nos. 4, 5, 8, 9) of biarmed autosomes.Öğe C-banded karyotype and NORs of the long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus from Turkey(INST VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY AS CR, 2009) Arslan, Atilla; Albayrak, İrfan; Pamukoğlu, Nahit; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, KubilayThe karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of six specimens of Hemiechinus auritus from Turkey were examined. The diploid number of chromosomes was 2n = 48, the fundamental number of chromosome arms FN = 96, and the number of autosomal arms FNa = 92. Most of the chromosomes possessed centromeric constitutive heterochromatin, except of the pairs nos. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12. and 17. The X and Y chromosomes appeared to be euchromatic. and possible geographic variation in their morphology was indicated in comparison with Previously published data. The NORs were located in the terminal regions of the long arms of four metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. The localization of the NORs was not associated with C-positive autosomal regions as in hedgehogs of the genus Erinaceus.Öğe C-banded karyotype and nucleolar organizer regions (nors) of marsh frog, rana ridibunda (ranidae: Anura) in central anatolia(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2010) Arslan, Emine; Arslan, Atilla; Gulbahce, ElifKaryotype, C-banding and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) characteristics of nine Rana ridibunda samples collected from Konya (Meram, Beysehir, Hadim) province were examined. The diploid number of chromosomes (2n) and the fundamental number of chromosome arms (FN) were determined as 26 and 52, respectively. All of the chromosomes of this species have centromeric constitutive heterochromatin (C-band). Nucleolar organizer regions (secondary constriction) were determined on the long arm of the no. 8 submetacentric chromosome by using silver-nitrate staining technique.Öğe C-Banded Karyotype and Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) of Wild Boar, Sus scrofa (Artiodactyla: Suidae) from Anatolia(TUBITAK SCIENTIFIC & TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY, 2009) Arslan, Atilla; Albayrak, İrfanThe present study reports the karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of 6 Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758) males from Anatolia. The karyotype of S. scrofa comprised (2n) 38 chromosomes, the number of chromosomal arms (FN) was 64, and the number of autosomal arms (FNa) was 60. C-positive regions appeared to be restricted to the centromeric regions of autosomes 1, and 13-18. and the entire long arm of the Y chromosome. Some autosomes had very slight C-bands. The X chromosome appeared to be entirely euchromatic. NORs were identified by the silver-staining technique and were observed on secondary constriction sites of 2 metacentric chromosomes pairs.Öğe C-banded karyotype and nucleolar organizer regions of Tinca tinca (Cyprinidae) from Turkey(UNIV FLORENCE BOTANY INST, 2012) Arslan, Atilla; Taki, Fatma NurIn this study, conventional Giemsa staining, Silver-Nucleolar Organizer Region (Ag-NOR) and C-banding were applied to eight specimens of Tench, Tinca tinca, of Lake Beysehir, and their detailed cytogenetic properties were investigated. It was determined that all of the chromosomes in karyotypes of the samples investigated were bi-armed (metacentric, submetacentric, subtelocentric). Also a secondary constriction was observed on the short arm of the third pair of chromosomes. No morphological difference was identified between sex chromosomes of male and female specimens. All chromosomes of the specimens had centromeric and pericentromeric C-bands. There was an interstitial band on the short arm of a chromosome pair, while all the short arms of three chromosome pairs were C-positive. Heteromorph C-bands were detected in two chromosome pairs. By Ag-nitrate staining, active NOR was identified on the short arm of the number three metacentric chromosome pair of all specimens. However, this active NOR was not related to C-heterochromatin. All the active NORs determined in the studied specimens were homomorphisms.Öğe C-Banded Karyotype of Myocastor coypus (Molina, 1782) from Turkey (Mammalia: Rodentia)(POLISH ACAD SCIENCES, 2009) İliker, Ayşegül; Arslan, Atilla; Pamukoğlu, Nahit; Albayrak, İrfanThe present study reports the C-band patterns of chromosomes of Myocastor coypus fromTurkey. The karyotype of M. coypus is comprised of (2n) 42 chromosomes. the number of chromosomal arms (FN) was 83 and the number of autosomal arms (FNa) was 80. The X chromosome was a medium-sized metacentric and the Y chromosome was acrocentric and the smallest in the set. Two metacentric chromosomes have secondary constrictions. Most autosomes in this species were centromeric C-positive and some autosomes had telomeric C-bands. The X chromosome has centromeric heterochromatin, while the Y chromosome appeared to be entirely heterochromatic.Öğe C-banding and Ag-NOR distribution patterns in Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica (Mammalia: Rodentia), from Turkey(WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO, 2012) Arslan, Atilla; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfan; Zima, JanA chromosomal study of Allactaga euphratica from the Sanliurfa Province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, was performed. The diploid number of 48 chromosomes was found in all four specimens examined. The C-band-positive regions were distributed in centromeric areas of all the autosomal pairs and the X chromosome. Extensive C-positive heterochromatin intercalary blocks were observed in the largest pair of autosomes. The small Y chromosome was stained uniformly and C-negatively. The active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were localized in two pairs of small bi-armed autosomes. The C-heterochromatin distribution and localization of the secondary constrictions bearing NORs apparently differ between karyotypes of the related jerboa species A. euphratica and Allactaga williamsi. This cytogenetic difference may be implied as a suitable marker in further studies of the relationships in contact zones and possible hybridization between these two taxa.Öğe The C-Banding and Ag-NOR Distribution Patterns in the Fallow Deer Dama dama (Mammalia: Cervidae) from Turkey(UNIV TOKYO CYTOLOGIA, 2014) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, JanThe karyotype was examined in two specimens of the fallow deer (Dama dama) originating from the last indigenous population in Anatolia, Turkey. The complement includes 68 chromosomes, with the acrocentric X chromosome and the small metacentric Y chromosome. The autosomal complement contains a single metacentric pair and 32 acrocentric pairs of diminishing size. The metacentric autosomal pair possesses only an indistinct dark C-band in the centromeric area, whereas the acrocentric autosomes and the X chromosome have large C-positively stained pericentromeric blocks. The Y chromosome stains C-positively but the intensity of staining is lower than in the centromeric areas of other chromosomes. The Ag-NOR sites were detected in telomeric regions of the long arms of two large acrocentric autosomal pairs. The chromosome complement seems to be identical with karyotypes examined in various introduced and captive populations.Öğe C-heterochromatin and NORs distribution in karyotypes of three vespertilionid bat species from Turkey(WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH, 2015) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Albayrak, İrfan; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Arslan, EmineThe chromosomal banding analysis of the karyotypes of Turkish populations of Eptesicus serotinus, Nyctalus lasiopterus and Barbastellus barbastellus was performed with the use of C-banding and Ag-NOR staining. The results obtained in E. serotinus and N. lasiopterus were congruent with previous data reported from other regions. The karyotype of E. serotinus (2n = 50, NF = 52) contained a moderate amount of centromeric C-heterochromatin and a single NOR was localized in an acrocentric autosomal pairs. The karyotype of N. lasiopterus (2n = 42, NF = 54) contained a higher amount of centromeric C-heterochromatin and the NORs were localized in two autosomal pairs. The karyotype of B. barbastellus was standard in its general characteristics (2n = 32, NF = 54, low amount of C-heterochromatin) but the NOR was localized in only one acrocentric autosomal pair. In studies from other regions, the NORs were recognized in all five acrocentric autosomal pairs of the complement of B. barbastellus.Öğe C-Heterochromatin and NORs Distrubution of Mole Rat, Nannospalax Xanthodon From Aksaray, Turkey(Univ Florence Botany Inst, 2010) Arslan, Atilla; Bölükbaş, FerhanIn this study, to clear cytogenetic characteristics of 2n = 60 chromosome form of blind mole rats Nannospalax xanthodon superspecies, we carried out conventional staining, Ag-NORs (Nucleolar Organizer Regions) staining and C-banding on the mole rat specimens obtained from 9 localities in Aksaray province, Turkey. Heteromorphic chromosomal pair was determined in Eskil populations. C-heterochromatin regions were found in centromeric region of all bi-armed autosomal pairs whereas C-heterochromatin was localized in pericentromeric areas of some acrocentric autosomes. The sex chromosomes possessed distinct pericentrometric dark C-band. Heteromorphic autosomal pair with deletion/addition of heterochromatin and euchromatin material in short arms was recorded in Eskil populations. The NORs were localized in distal areas of the euchromatic short arms in four pairs of bi-armed autosomes in all the studied populations.Öğe C-heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer region distribution of myotis emarginatus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Turkey(Turkiye Klinikleri, 2020) Albayrak, İrfan; Sarıçam, Tuğba; Arslan, AtillaIn this study, the banded karyotypes (C-and Ag-nucleolus organizer regions (NORs)) of Myotis emarginatus in Turkey were determined for the first time. The karyotype contained 44 chromosomes, the number of chromosomal arms (NF) was 54, and the number of autosomal arms (NFa) was 50. Slight C-heterochromatic blocks were observed in the centromeric regions of some autosome pairs, whereas the sex chromosomes were euchromatic. The Ag-NORs were detected in the short arms of a large and a medium-sized acrocentric autosome. The distribution of C-heterochromatin regions in Turkish populations of M. emarginatus is similar to those reported in some other Myotis species. © TÜBİTAK.Öğe C-heterochromatin variation and NOR distribution in the karyotype of water vole, Arvicola terrestris (Mammalia, Rodentia)(FIRENZE UNIV PRESS, 2011) Arslan, Atilla; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, Serdar; Zima, JanA chromosomal study of populations of Arvicola terrestris from Anatolia in Turkey and from Central Europe was performed. The diploid number of 36 chromosomes was found in all the specimens examined. The autosomal complement consisted of 12 meta- and submetacentric pairs, two large or medium-sized subtelocentric pairs, and three small acrocentric (Turkey) or subtelocentric (Central Europe) pairs (FNa = 62-68). The X chromosome was medium-sized submetacentric, the Y chromosome was small acrocentric or subtelocentric. All the chromosomes could be reliably identified by their unique G-banding patterns. The C-banding analysis revealed variation in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin in centromeric regions and in short arms of certain autosomes. A unique feature of the C-banded karyotype of individuals from Anatolia was the absence of dark positive regions in most chromosomes. Populations of water vole from Anatolia resemble in their C-band pattern those studied previously in Azerbaijan, and possibly also in the Balkan peninsula, and they are different in this respect from populations in Central Europe and the other parts of the species range. The X chromosome was stained uniformly and C-negatively in populations from Anatolia, whereas a faint dark centromeric C-band was observed in individuals from Central Europe. The Y chromosome was stained C-positively. The active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were localized in one pair of small metacentric and two acrocentric autosome pairs in the karyotype of individuals from Anatolia.
