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Öğe Analysis of Tears in Patients with Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis, Using Flow Cytometry(KARGER, 1998) Avunduk, Avni Murat; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Tekelioğlu, YavuzAtopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC) is a chronic allergic eye disease, Although the pathogenesis is not fully understood, some impairment in cell-mediated immunity was suggested by histopathological findings in conjunctival specimens obtained from affected individuals. T-cell infiltration and an enhanced T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio in conjunctival biopsy specimens were observed previously by immunofluorescence procedures, We analyzed the cells in tears of patients with AKC using flow cytometry (FCM) and compared the results to those of normal subjects to identify the role of T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the disease, The tear samples of the patients and normal subjects were collected with capillary tubes, and the surface receptors of cells were detected with FCM. Statistical analyses were performed with Student's t test, The percentages of T cells, activated B cells, and T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratios were found to be higher in the tears of patients with AKC than in controls, We propose that a decreased T-suppressor cell concentration in tears may enhance immunoglobulin-E production of B cells, and the signs and symptoms are provoked by inflammatory mediators liberated from mast cell degranulation.Öğe Anjiyoimmünoblastik Lenfadenopati Benzeri Lenfoma (Olgu sunumu)(1998) Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Tavlı, Şakir; Yol, Serdar; Tavlı, Lema; Yılmaz, Osman; Güngör, Salim; Yavuz, Ayşe75 yaşındaki kadın olgu, koltuk altında şişlik yakınması ile Selçuk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Genel Cerrahi polikliniğine başvurduğunda 2-3 yıldır devam eden iştahsızlık ve kilo yitiminden yakınmaktaydı. Yapılan fizik bakısında koltuk altında çok sayıda lenfadenopatileri (LAP) ve hepatosplenomegalisi saptandı. Posteroanteriyor (PA) akciğer grafisinde hiler lenfadenopati gözlenirken, Coombs () hemolitik anemisi ve hiper-gammaglobulinemisi gözlendi. Eksizyonel biyopsi ile çıkarılan koltuk altı lenf düğümünün histopatolojik incelenmesinde anjiyoimmünoblastik lenfadenopati benzeri lenfoma tanısına ulaşıldı. Olgunun klinik ve patolojik özellikleri ilginç bulunarak sunuldu.Öğe Apoptosis and Cerebral Ischemic Reperfusion Injury Developed After Haemorrhagic Shock: Experimental Study(2006) Kalkan, Erdal; Eser, Olcay; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Coşar, Murat; Fidan, Hüseyin; Kalkan, SerpilBACKGROUND: Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that plays a role in some normal and pathological conditions. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis during cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury in response to haemorrhagic shock in a rat model. METHODS: Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, haemorrhagic shock (HS), ischemic reperfusion (IR), 1st hour IR, 3rd hour IR, 6th hour IR and 24th hour IR. Rats were sacrificed by taking blood from intracardiac area after finishing the experiment. The tissues were fixed using neutral buffered 10% formaldehyde solution for histopathological examination. Tissues were stained immunohistochemically with APO 2.7 and positive expression apoptotic cells were counted using a Clemex Vision Lite 3.5 vision analysis system. RESULTS: There were 2-3 apoptotic cells in the control group (group 1) and this number increased to 8-11 in the haemorrhagic shock group (group 2) (p<0.05). Secondary or more serious injury occurs during ischemic reperfusion injury. The number of apoptotic cells increased to 11-14 at the 1st hour (group 3) and it was significant as compared to group 2 (p<0.05). The number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 15-17 by the 3rd hour (group 4) as compared to group 3 (p<0.05). While there was no additional increase by the end of the 6th hour (group 5) as compared to group 4, the number of apoptotic cells significantly increased to 18-24 by the end of 24th hour (group 6) as compared to group 5 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The majority of injuries to the brain following haemorrhagic shock occur during ischemic reperfusion. We observed that apoptosis increases step by step on the 1st, 3rd and 24th hours after ischemic reperfusion injury.Öğe Beneficial Effects of Levosimendan on Cerebral Vasospasm Induced by Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: An Experimental Study(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2010) Cengiz, Şahika Liva; Erdi, Mehmet Fatih; Tosun, Murat; Atalık, Esra; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Sönmez, Fatma Cavide; Mehmetoğlu, İdris; Baysefer, AlperBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of levosimendan to prevent cerebral vasospasm in a rabbit model of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). Animals and methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into three groups randomly. SAH was induced by injecting autologous blood into the cisterna magna. (Group 1 = control: sham surgery group, Group 2 = SAH alone group, Group 3 = SAH plus levosimendan group). Histopathological examination was performed on day 3 as described. Intravenous levosimendan dose (initially 12 mu g kg(-1) infusion, continuously for at least 10 minutes and then continued with a dose of 0.2 mu g kg(-1) min(-1)) treatment was started after the induction of SAH. Three days later, the animals were sacrificed. Results: In pathological investigation; there was statistically significant difference in luminal area and muscular wall thickness of the basilar artery between all groups (p < 0.005). Malondialdehyde level was also found significantly low in the levosimendan group compared with the SAH group. Conclusion: Intravenous levosimendan treatment was found effective by increasing the pathological luminal area and reducing muscular wall thickness measurements. This is the first study to show that intravenous administration of levosimendan is effective in preventing cerebral vasospasm induced by SAH in rabbits.Öğe A case with ICF syndrome lost to rubella pneumonitis(TURKISH J PEDIATRICS, 2005) Reisli, İsmail; Yıldırım, Mahmut Selman; Köksal, Yavuz; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Acar, AynurThe immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by variable immunodeficiency, instability of the pericentromeric heterochromatin, and facial dysmorphism. Here we report a new case of ICF syndrome who died of rubella pneumonitis. A six year-old-girl who was the first child of consanguineous parents was admitted to the hospital because of bronchopneumonia. Laboratory investigations revealed pan-hypogammaglobulinemia, lymphopenia, normal proportions of peripheral blood lymphocytes with an inverted CD4/CD8 ratio, and interstitial pneumonia with a positive serology of acute rubella infection. The ICF syndrome was diagnosed by centromeric instability in the standard cytogenetic analysis. An inclusion body was demonstrated in the lung biopsy after the death of the patient. Chromosomal investigation could be helpful along with other tests for diagnosis of variable immunodeficiency accompanied by facial dysmorphism.Öğe CD4+ T Cell/CD8+ T Cell Ratio in the Anterior Chamber of the Eye After Penetrating Injury and Its Comparison with Normal Aqueous Samples(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 1998) Avunduk, Avni Murat; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Tekelioğlu, Yavuz; Kapıcıoğlu, ZerrinWe have recently reported that significantly more CD8(+) T-cell activity is present in the aqueous humor compared to peripheral blood. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the ocular trauma on the number of the T lymphocyte subsets in the aqueous humor. CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratios in the aqueous and blood samples of 12 patients who suffered from traumatic iridocyclitis because of a corneal perforation were compared to those of patients with senile cataracts. We found a relatively higher CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratio in the aqueous samples of traumatized patients than cataractous patients. Meanwhile, no difference was present between the aqueous and blood samples of the traumatized patients with respect to the above-mentioned ratio. We suggest that one of the most important factors in maintaining a lower CD4(+)/CD8(+) cell ratio in normal aqueous humor compared to peripheral blood is an intact blood-aqueous barrier. Blood-aqueous barrier may play a participating role in the pathogenesis of immunosuppressive properties of the anterior chamber of the eye by establishing higher CD8(+) T-cell activity in the aqueous humor relative to the peripheral blood.Öğe Characterization of T Lymphocyte Subtypes in Endotoxin-İnduced Uveitis and Effect of Pentoxifylline Treatment(Swets Zeitlinger Publishers, 2002) Avunduk, Avni Murat; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Öztekin, Esma; Baltacı, Abdulkerim KasımPurpose. The aims of the study were twofold: 1) to investigate the role of T lymphocyte subtypes in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) and 2) to study the possible beneficial effect of pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of neutrophil motility, and Tumor Necrosis Factora-alpha on this disease. Methods. Forty-two inbred male Lewis rats were divided into seven equal groups. 200 m g of Escherichia coli 055: B55 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected in one hind footpad of the Group 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 rats. Group 5, 6, and 7 rats also received concomitant intraperitoneal pentoxifylline (PTX) during food pad injection of LPS. Group 1 rats were used as controls with intra-peritoneal normal saline injection. Eight, 24, and 48 hours after treatment, the rats were euthanized. Neutrophil leukocyte, mononuclear cells, and CD4+, CD8+, and CD45RA+ cell infiltration in the anterior uveal tissue were determined either by hematoxylin-eosin or monoclonal antibody staining. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were also measured in the aqueous and blood samples. We compared the numbers of infiltrating cells in the different groups. Results. We found that peak infiltration of lymphocyte, neutrophils, and CD4+ cells occurred at 24 hours. However, CD8+ and CD45RA+ cell number reached their highest levels at 48 hours. There was no inflammatory cell infiltration in the control rats. Concomitant pentoxifylline treatment did not affect any of these parameters, although it effectively reduced TNF-alpha concentrations in the anterior chamber and the serum. Conclusion. We conclude that, 1) T lymphocytes might be involved in the pathogenesis of endotoxin-induced uveitis. 2) The potential role of pentoxifylline in the treatment of human uveitis is questionable. However, these are initial findings and need confirmation by additional studies.Öğe Combination Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-tocoferol and Erdosteine in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model(Springer, 2010) Yurdakul, Talat; Kulaksızoğlu, Haluk; Pişkin, Mehmet Mesut; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Ertemli, Esra; Gökçe, Gürhan; Barışkaner, Hulagü; Büyükbaş, Sadık; Kocabaş, Volkan[Abstract not Available]Öğe Combination Antioxidant Effect of Alpha-Tocoferol and Erdosteine in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rat Model(Springer, 2010) Yurdakul, Talat; Kulaksızoğlu, Haluk; Pişkin, Mehmet Mesut; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Ertemli, Esra; Barışkaner, Hulagü; Büyükbaş, Sadık; Kocabaş, VolkanIntroduction Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) which is an important cause of renal dysfunction is inevitable in renal transplantation, surgical revascularization of the renal artery, partial nephrectomy and treatment of suprarenal aortic aneurysms. Aim The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of alpha-tocopherol and erdosteine combination in the reduction in injury induced by ROS in a rat model of renal ischemia-reperfusion. Materials and methods Thirty-six-male Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were utilized for this study. Rats were divided into six groups, and each group was consistent of six rats: (1) sham-operated (control), (2) ischemia group (3) I/R group, (4) I/R/alpha-tocoferol group (5) I/erdosteine group (6). I/R/alpha-tocoferol and erdosteine group. Biochemically tissue MDA, XO and SOD activities, light and electron microscopic findings were evaluated. Results The erdosteine and alpha-tocoferol significantly reversed the effect of protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation induced by I/R shown by the decreased levels of MDA and XO activities. Both MDA and XO levels were found to be lower in group 6 compared to single agent treatment groups, and this was significantly different. All treatment groups showed increased SOD activity, which accounts for their oxidative properties. The mean Paller score of the combination treatment group (group 6) was lower than all groups except the sham group (3.67 +/- 1.2), and this finding was statistically significant (0.05). Our results showed that the antioxidant pretreatment with alpha-tocopherol and erdosteine combination reduced lipid peroxidation of renal cellular membranes in a model of normothermic renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Combination of erdosteine and alpha-tocopherol has a synergistic effect of protection against oxidative processes. Long-term use of alpha-tocopherol seems to have a greater effect on the prevention of IR injury. However, further investigations are needed for the clinical applications of our findings.Öğe The Comparison of Efficacies of Topical Corticosteroids and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drops on Dry Eye Patients: a Clinical and Immunocytochemical Study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2003) Avunduk, Avni Murat; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Varnell, E. D.; Kaufman, H. E.PURPOSE: To investigate whether conjunctival inflammation represents a primary event in the pathogenesis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca or whether it is a secondary inflammatory reaction caused by enhanced mechanical irritation as a result of surface dryness and whether anti-inflammatory drops (corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) have therapeutic effects and are similar. DESIGN: Single-masked, randomized, prospective clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-two keratoconjuctivitis patients with or without Sjogren syndrome were included in the study. The patients were randomized to three groups. Group I patients received a topical artificial tear substitute (ATS); group 2 received ATS plus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops (NSAID); and group 3 received ATS plus topical corticosteroidal drops. The eye symptom severity scores, Schirmer test values, rose bengal and fluorescein staining scores were evaluated before treatment and 15 and 30 days after start of treatment. Impression cytology specimens were stained using immunohistochemical methods to detect the percentages of human leukocyte antigen II (HLA-DR) positive, Apo 2.7 positive, and periodic acid-Schiff positive cells. Statistical analyses were performed within and between groups. RESULTS: Group 3 patients had significantly lower symptom severity scores, fluorescein and rose bengal staining, and HLA-DR positive cells on days 15 and 30 compared with patients in other groups. They also had a significantly higher number of periodic acid-Schiff positive (goblet) cells in their impression cytology specimens on days 15 and 30 compared with the other patients. On day 30, group 3 patients had significant differences compared with their baseline measurements in terms of above,mentioned parameters. However, we did not detect a significant effect of any treatment schedule on the Shirmer test value and the numbers of Apo 2.7 cells in impression cytology specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Topical corticosteroids had a clearly beneficial effect both on the subjective and objective clinical parameters of moderate-to,severe dry eye patients. These effects were associated with the reduction of inflammation markers of conjunctival epithelial cells. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Cyclosporine Effects on Clinical Findings and Impression Cytology Specimens in Severe Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis(KARGER, 2001) Avunduk, Avni Murat; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Erdöl, Hidayet; Kapıcıoğlu, Zerrin; Akyol, NurettinPurpose: To investigate the possible effects of topical cyclosporine eye drops 2% (CsA) on conjunctival immune cells obtained by impression cytology technique and to determine the clinical relevance of this effect if present. Methods: Ten consecutive patients with severe, resistant, and active vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) were included in this study. All of them were treated with 2% of topical CsA drops. Symptom and clinical scores and conjunctival impression cytology specimens were obtained both before and following treatment. Impression cytology specimens were stained with anti-CD8+, CD4+, CD45RA+, and CD23+ antibodies and the percentages of positive cells were counted. The results were compared and correlation analyses were performed between clinical and laboratory data. Results: Significant reductions were observed with respect to the percentages of CD4+ and CD23+ cells in the conjunctival impression cytology specimens and clinical and symptom scores following treatment with topical CsA, while no change occurred in the percentages of CD8+ and CD45RA+ cells. The percentages of CD4+ and CD23+ cells showed good correlations with symptom and clinical scores. Conclusion: Topical CsA treatment is a very effective alternative in severe VKC cases in clinical ground and clinical efficacy of topical CsA treatment in severe, resistant VKC cases can be (at least partly) related to reduction of the CD23+ and CD4+ cell populations on the conjunctival surface.Öğe Cylindroma of the Foot(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002) Tosun, Zekeriya; Hoşnuter, M.; Şentürk, S.; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Savacı, Nedim[Abstract not Available]Öğe Deneysel özofagus atrezisi modelinde özofagus ile trakea arası destek dokudaki farklılıklar(2004) Günel, Engin; Madenci, Hasan; Avunduk, Mustafa CihatAmaç: Deneysel özofagus atrezisi modelinde, cerrahi tedavi sonrası özofagus fonksiyonlarında yetersizliğe neden olabilecek, özofagus ile trakea arası destek dokudaki yapısal farklılıkları ortaya koymak. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda, 18 adet Sprague-Dawley cinsi dişi sıçan ve bunlardan kontrollü olarak elde edilen 30 adet fetüs kullanıldı. Grup 1’i; annelerine gebeliklerinde hiç bir müdahale yapılmayan ve özofagus atrezisi gelişmeyen fetüsler. Grup 2’yi; annelerine hamileliklerinin 6-9. günleri arası 4 gün, intraperitoneal 2 ml serum fizyolojik verilen ve özofagus atrezisi gelişmeyen fetüsler. Grup 3’ü; annelerine hamileliklerinin 6-9. günleri arası 4 gün, intraperitoneal 2 mg/kg adriamisin verilen ve özofagus atrezisi oluşmayan fetüsler. Grup 4D’ü; annelerine hamileliklerinin 6-9. günleri arası 4 gün, intraperitoneal 2 mg/kg adriamisin verilerek ÖA’si oluşan ve distal TÖF seviyesindeki kesitlerinin değerlendirildiği fetüsler ve Grup 4P’yi; ÖA’si oluşan ve proksimal özofagus poşu seviyesindeki kesitlerinin değerlendirildiği fetüsler oluşturdu. Histopatolojik çalışma için toraksı içine alan bloklardan 5 µ kalınlığında kesitler alınıp, bağ dokusu boyalarından, Masson’s Trichorome ve Van Gieson’s ile boyandı. Trakeanın bifürkasyonu seviyesinde, özofagus ile trakeayı içine alan kesitlerde, iki yapı arasındaki alanda fibroblastlar ve kollajen lifleri sayıldı. Bulgular: Grup 4D’den alınan kesitlerdeki sayımlarla Grup 1, Grup 2, Grup 3 ve Grup 4P’den alınan kesitlerdeki sayımlar karşılaştırıldığında, Grup 4D’de fibroblast sayılarında azalma ve kollajen lif sayılarında artma saptandı. Sonuç: Trakea-özofageal fistül seviyesinde fibroblast sayılarının az, kollajen liflerinin sayıca artmış olması, embriyonel gelişim sürecinde burada bir enflamatuar olayın geliştiğini düşündürmektedir. Bu enflamatuar kollajen birikiminin doğum sonrasında da devam etmesi, özofagusun fonksiyonlarını olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği kanaatindeyiz.Öğe AN EARLY DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY: CONDUCTION VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION(WILEY, 2011) Tuncer, Seckin; Dalkilic, Nizamettin; Esen, Haci Hasan; Avunduk, Mustafa CihatDiabetes is a metabolic disorder that. affects much of the human population. As a secondary complication, diabetic neuropathy causes time-dependent damage to peripheral nerves. In this study, experimental diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ; 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally) in rats. Diabetic animals were grouped into those with 2 or 4 weeks of diabetes, whereas a control group received only the STZ vehicle (0.1 M citrate). Sciatic nerves were dissected, and compound action potentials (CAPS) were recorded. Results deduced by conventional calculation carried less information when compared with conduction velocity distribution (CVD) obtained by a computer-based mathematical model. Using the conventional approach, statistically significant changes were first seen in the fourth week of diabetes, whereas results deduced by CVD measurement could be seen in the second week. Consequently, the CVD calculation provides more information for the early diagnosis of neuropathies compared with classical conduction velocity measurements. Muscle Nerve 43: 237-244, 2011Öğe The effect of aprotinin on brain ischemic-reperfusion injury after hemorrhagic shock in rats: An experimental study(LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS, 2007) Eser, Cay; Kalkan, Erdal; Cosar, Murat; Buyukbas, Sadik; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Aslan, Adem; Kocabas, VolkanBackground. We aimed to demonstrate the positive effects of the serine protease inhibitor aprotinin on neural ischemia-reperfusion injury and apoptosis in a rat model. Methods: There were 18 rats divided into 3 groups: group A (sham, n = 6), group B (ischemia-reperfusion, n = 6), and group C (ischemia-reperfusion + aprotinin, n = 6). The systolic blood pressure of the group B and C rats was decreased to 40% to 50% of the normal level by taking blood from the femoral vein to develop hemorrhagic shock. The blood was retained and given to the remaining group B and C rats for reperfusion 20 minutes after the procedure. In group B, isotonic solution and, in group C, aprotinin was administered to the rats 5 minutes before reperfusion. After the rats were killed, the brain tissue samples were fixed for histopathologic examination. Brain tissue superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and tissue myeloperoxidase level and apoptotic cell analyses were performed in all groups. Results: Superoxide dismutase level decreased from group A to group B and increased from group B to group C (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase levels and apoptotic cells increased from group A to group B and decreased from group B to group C (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that the systemic use of aprotinin in ischemic neural tissue prevents reperfusion injury and also protects the morphologic, functional, and biochemical integrity of the neural tissue.Öğe Effect of Intraperitoneal Selenium Administration on Liver Glycogen Levels in Rats Subjected to Acute Forced Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Akil, Mustafa; Biçer, Mürsel; Kılıç, Mehmet; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim KasımThere are a few of studies examining how selenium, which is known to reduce oxidative damage in exercise, influences glucose metabolism and exhaustion in physical activity. The present study aims to examine how selenium administration affects liver glycogen levels in rats subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study included 32 Sprague-Dawley type male rats, which were equally allocated to four groups: Group 1, general control; Group 2; selenium-supplemented control (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite); Group 3, swimming control; Group 4, selenium-supplemented swimming (6 mg/kg/day sodium selenite). Liver tissue samples collected from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. From the tissue samples buried into paraffin, 5-A mu m cross-sections were obtained using a microtome, put on a microscope slide, and stained with PAS. Stained preparations were assessed using a Nikon Eclipse E400 light microscope. All images obtained with the light microscope were transferred to a PC and evaluated using Clemex PE 3.5 image analysis software. The highest liver glycogen levels were found in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). The levels in group 4 were lower than those in groups 1 and 2 but higher than the levels in group 3 (p < 0.05). The lowest liver glycogen levels were obtained in group 3 (p < 0.05). Results of the study indicate that liver glycogen levels that decrease in acute swimming exercise can be restored by selenium administration. It can be argued that physiological doses of selenium administration can contribute to performance.Öğe Effect of Long-Term Intraperitoneal Zinc Administration on Liver Glycogen Levels in Diabetic Rats Subjected to Acute Forced Swimming(HUMANA PRESS INC, 2011) Biçer, Mürsel; Günay, Mehmet; Akil, Mustafa; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Baltacı, Abdülkerim KasımThis study aims to examine the effect of zinc administration on liver glycogen levels of rats in which diabetes was induced with streptozotocin and which were subjected to acute swimming exercise. The study was conducted on 80 adult Sprague-Dawley male rats, which were equally allocated to eight groups: group 1, general control; group 2, zinc-administrated control; group 3, zinc-administrated diabetic control; group 4, swimming control; group 5, zinc-administrated swimming; group 6, zinc-administrated diabetic swimming; group 7, diabetic swimming; group 8, diabetic control group. In order to induce diabetes, animals were injected with 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal (ip) streptozotocin. The injections were repeated in the same dose after 24 h. Animals which had blood glucose at or above 300 mg/dl 6 days after the last injections were accepted as diabetic. Zinc was administrated ip for 4 weeks as 6 mg/kg/day per rat. Hepatic tissue samples taken from the animals at the end of the study were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. Cross sections of 5 A mu m thickness, taken by the help of a microtome from the tissue samples buried in paraffin, were placed on a microscope slide and stained with periodic acid-Schiff and evaluated by light microscope. All microscopic images were transferred to a PC and assessed with the help of Clemex PE3.5 image analysis software. The lowest liver glycogen levels in the study were obtained in groups 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8. Liver glycogen levels in group 5 were higher than groups 3, 4, 6, 7, and 8, but lower than groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). Groups 1 and 2 had the highest liver glycogen levels. The results obtained from the study indicate that liver glycogen levels which dropped in acute swimming exercise were restored by zinc administration and that diabetes induced in rats prevented the protective effect of zinc.Öğe Effect of melatonin and zinc on the immune response in experimental toxoplasma retinochoroiditis(KARGER, 2007) Avunduk, Avni Murat; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, RasimObjectives: To investigate the possible effect of melatonin (MEL) and zinc on the immune response to Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis in the rat model of infection and to establish the possible value of artificial MEL and/or zinc supplementation as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of T. gondii retinochoroiditis. Methods: Eighty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 12 equal groups. All groups, except controls were infected with T. gondii parasite by intraperitoneal injection. Combinations of zinc-deficient diet, pinealectomy (Px), and artificial zinc and MEL were supplied during a 1-month period. At the end of the experiment, retinal and choroidal total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cell numbers were counted in histological sections. Results: The highest amount of cellular infiltration (lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ cells) in the choroid and retina was detected in infected + MEL + zinc-treated rats, and the least amount of cellular infiltration was observed in Px + zinc-deficient diet-treated rats. Although single zinc or MEL supplementation had no significant impact on the cellular infiltration in the retina and choroid in Px rats, combined therapy significantly improved these responses. Conclusion: Artificial supplementation of MEL and zinc should be considered as an adjunctive therapy to classic treatment of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis especially in immunosuppressed and elderly patients if our data are confirmed in a clinical setting.Öğe The Effect of Pinealectomy and Melatonin Application on Metallothionin, ZnT3 and ZIP2 Levels in Rat Brain Tissue(KARGER, 2018) Deniz, Arife; Baltacı, Saltuk Buğra; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat[Abstract not Available]Öğe The effect of resveratrol supplementation on plasma leptin and liver glycogen levels in rats with acute swimming exercise(WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2015) Duran, Mürsel Oğuzhan; Baltacı, Abdülkerim Kasım; Moğulkoç, Rasim; Avunduk, Mustafa Cihat; Ergene, Neyhan[Abstract not Available]
