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    Ajuga chamaecistus subsp scoparia (Boiss.) Rech.f.: A new source of phytochemicals for antidiabetic, skin-care, and neuroprotective uses
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016) Movahhedin, Nasrin; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Sarıkürkcü, Cengiz; Bahadori, Shahram; Dinparast, Leila
    The genus Ajuga is used traditionally as food and medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's diseases, skin-protective, and antioxidant activities of essential oil and extracts of Ajuga chamaecistus subsp. scoparia (Boiss.) Rech.f., together with the identification of their chemical composition. The 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation scavenging activity, metal chelating activity, reducing power, content of total bioactive compounds, general toxicity, and enzyme inhibitory potential of essential oil, ethanol extract, and water decoction of the plant were evaluated. Phenolics profile of the extracts was analyzed using the reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and the chemical composition of the essential oil was determined using the gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy techniques. The essential oil could significantly inhibit the activity of alpha-glucosidase (4.3 mmol Acarbose equivalents/g), alpha-amylase (2.8 mmol Acarbose equivalents/g), acetylcholinesterase (1.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), butyrylcholinesterase (2.2 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), and tyrosinase (36 mg kojic acid equivalents/g) while ethanol and water extracts showed moderate enzyme inhibitory activity. Furthermore, essential oil had the strongest antioxidant capacity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging, 2,2-azino-bis (3ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and metal chelating assays. Spathulenol (18.0%), thymol (15.1%), octen-3-ol (14.3%), and linalool oxide (11.2%) were identified as major constituents in the essential oil. Quantitative highperformance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid are the main phenolic compounds in this plant. The results suggested that Ajuga chamaecistus could be useful for several applications as functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Anti-obesity, and Neuroprotective Properties of Prangos gaubae
    (NATURAL PRODUCTS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Shahram; Maggi, Filippo; Dinparast, Leila
    Chemical composition of essential oil and the potential of Prangos gaubae for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, Diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases were evaluated for the first time. In this direction, enzyme inhibitory effects, antioxidant activity, and total bioactive contents of the plant were determined. EO showed high acetylcholinesterase (2.97 mg GEs/g oil), alpha-amylase (1.35 mmol ACEs/g oil), alpha-glucosidase (38.84 mmol ACEs/g oil), and lipase (1.59 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Moreover, strong antioxidant effects were observed in antiradical (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), total antioxidant, and metal chelating assays. Methanol extract exhibited promising DPPH radical scavenging activity (0.47 mmol TEs/g extract) and also high reducing power in CUPRAC (0.89 mmol TEs/g extract) and FRAP (0.52 mmol TEs/g extract) assays. All extracts showed low total flavonoid but high total phenolics content. Furthermore, they exhibited strong skin-care effect in tyrosinase inhibition assay. EO analysis showed the presence of germacrene D (26.7%), caryophyllene oxide (14.3%), (E)-caryophyllene (13.8%), and spathulenol (11.3%) as the major volatile components. Results indicated that P. gaubae has promising potential for possible uses in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.
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    Chemical composition profile of the essential oil from hymenocrater bituminous and its health functionality
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Shahram; Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gökhan; Maggi, Filippo; Dinparast, Leila; Aktümsek, Abdurrahman
    Hymenocrater species are important medicinal and food plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of Hymenocrater bituminous Fisch. & C. A. Mey. for the management of public health problems such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and skin diseases through inhibition of targeted enzymes. Essential oil composition, antioxidant activity, and the total bioactive contents of the plant were also determined. EO showed high alpha-glucosidase (40 mmol ACEs/g oil), alpha-amylase (9 mmol ACEs/g oil), acetylcholinesterase (3.8 mg GEs/g oil), butyrylcholinesterase (4.7 mg GEs/g oil), tyrosinase (45 mg KAEs/g oil), and lipase (1.5 mmol OEs/g oil) inhibitory activities. Methanolic extract exhibited strong antiradical (DPPH and ABTS) and reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP) activities and high total phenolics content (120 mg GAEs/g extract). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of EO showed the presence of alpha-pinene (18.2%), beta-pinene (11.3%), trans-phytol (11.0%), and spathulenol (8.5%) as the major components. The results indicated that H. bituminous has promising potential for possible uses in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable phytoconstituents and biological activities.
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    Functional components, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's disease, and antioxidant activities of Salvia syriaca L.
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2017) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Dinparast, Leila; Zengin, Gökhan; Sarikurkcu, Cengiz; Bahadori, Shahram; Asghari, Behvar; Movahhedin, Nasrin
    Antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer, general toxicity, and antioxidant activities of Salvia syriaca were evaluated. Phytochemical composition of the essential oil and methanolic extract of the plant were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector techniques, respectively. Essential oil of S. syriaca exhibited strong cytotoxicity, antioxidant, a-amylase, and a-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed that spathulenol (87.4%), isospathulenol (7.6%), and bornyl acetate (2.7%) are the major compounds in essential oil. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that rutin, quercetin, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, and ferulic acid are the most abundant phenolic components. S. syriaca could be considered as a valuable source of bioactive natural compounds for functional foods, medical, and pharmaceutical applications.
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    Phenolic composition and functional properties of wild mint (Mentha longifolia var. calliantha (Stapf) Briq.)
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2018) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Zengin, Gökhan; Bahadori, Shahram; Dinparast, Leila; Movahhedin, Nasrin
    Mints (Mentha species) are widely used as food, medicine, spice, and flavoring agents. At the present work, phenolics profile of infusion and ethanol extract of Mentha longifolia was determined using an RP-HPLC-DAD system. Total bioactive contents, radical scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating, and enzyme inhibitory activities relevant to Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and skin disorders were evaluated. Sixteen phenolic compounds (ten phenolic acids and six flavonoids) were identified in the extracts in which sinapic acid (7132 mu g/g extract) and rosmarinic acid (6260 mu g/g extract) were the most abundant compounds. Strong antioxidant effects were observed in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), cupric ion reducing activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating assays. Results indicated selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity and high -amylase and -glucosidase inhibitory potential. Findings showed that M. longifolia has promising health benefits due to its high concentration of useful phenolic compounds and has great potential for possible applications in the preparation of functional ingredients.
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    Salvia nemorosa L.: A novel source of bioactive agents with functional connections
    (ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2017) Bahadori, Mir Babak; Asghari, Behvar; Dinparast, Leila; Zengin, Gökhan; Sarıkürkcü, Cengiz; Abbas-Mohammadi, Mahdi; Bahadori, Shahram
    Salvia species are used as food and medicinal plants all around the world. In this study, chemical composition and antimicrobial, toxicity, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibitory activity of Salvia nemorosa were evaluated. Phenolic components were characterized by the HPLC-DAD and 11 components were identified, in which rosmarinic acid was detected as the major compound (7584 mu g/g extract). Sixteen volatile components were determined in both leaves and flowers essential oils. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the major components. Methanolic extract showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (294 mg GAE/g and 117 mg QE/g extract, respectively) and the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50: 82 mu g/mL). Plant samples showed moderate to high aldehyde oxidase, xanthine oxidase, acetylcholinesterase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and moderate cytotoxicity. Also, EOs exhibited great antimicrobial potential (IZ: 8.8-33.7 mm). Our findings indicated that S. nemorosa may be useful for novel applications in functional food and pharmaceutical industries. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.