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Öğe Evaluation of host resistance inducers and conventional products for fire blight management in loquat and quince(QUEBEC SOC PROTECT PLANTS, 2007) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus; Maden, SalihFire blight disease is one of the most destructive diseases of pome fruits. Due to the lack of effective, non-phytotoxic and publicly acceptable materials for controlling fire blight in pome fruit trees, new strategies to manage Erwinia amylovora fire blight are being sought. The resistance-inducing compounds prohexadione-Ca, harpin protein and benzothiadiazole (acibenzolar-S-methyl), the fertilizer humic acid, the bactericides streptomycin and copper salts, and combinations of copper with chemicals were evaluated for their ability to control fire blight on quince and loquat cultivars. Prohexadione-Ca was applied at a rate of 125 mg L-1 at two shoot lengths (6-12 cm and 15-20 cm), while benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl (135 mg L-1) and harpin (50 mg L-1) were applied when the shoots measured between 15-20 cm, and again at 30-35 cm. On loquat cv. Cukurgobek, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl showed about 60% effectiveness. The addition of copper salts reduced the effectiveness of benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl. On quince cultivars, streptomycin (P <= 0.05) was the most effective treatment during both years, followed by the harpin protein alone and in combination with copper salts. Prohexadione-Ca, benzothiadiazole + metalaxyl, and harpin protein applications reduced disease severity on inoculated shoots compared with copper and untreated controls. Prohexadione-Ca reduced both shoot length and shoot blight on the two hosts. Humic acid applications were ineffective in controlling fire blight on loquat and quince cultivars. Quince cv. E me showed lower disease severity than cv. Ekmek (P <= 0.05). The use of resistance-inducing substances during the early phase of shoot growth may offer a means of managing the shoot blight phase of fire blight disease on quince and loquat.Öğe Evaluation of seedborne bacterial pathogens on common bean cultivars grown in central Anatolia region, Turkey(SPRINGER, 2017) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus; Sahin, FikrettinBacterial diseases of bean cause economically important losses worldwide. The most important method for managing bacterial diseases on bean is the use of pathogen-free seed. In this study, 198 different dry bean seed samples of six different cultivars including Dermason, Cali, Sira, Battal, Bombay and Seker, were collected from 12 provinces of Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. All were tested to investigate the seedlots as primary inoculum sources of the major bacterial diseases. The data revealed that 22,72 %, 13,63 %, 11,11 %, 1,51 % and 0.5 % of seed samples tested were contaminated with five seedborne bacterial pathogens, Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola (Psp), Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss), Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap), X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli var. fuscans (Xapf) and Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff), respectively. All bacterial strains isolated were identified based on morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity tests. The results showed that Psp and Pss were found together on cv. Cali; Psp and Xap on cv. Dermason and cv. Sira; and Pss and Xap on cv. Seker, cv. Dermason, and cv. Cali. Therefore, the results in the present study suggested that evaluation and selection of pathogen-free seeds are very important for preventing the spread of pathogens and effective management of seed borne bacterial diseases prevalent in bean growing regions; in addition to implementation of integrated crop production strategies such as crop rotation, sanitation, seed treatment, tolerant/resistant cultivar selection and proper bactericide application.Öğe Genetic variability of macrophomina phaseolina isolates from dry beans in Turkey(2016) Yesil, Serkan; Bastas, Kubilay KurtulusCharcoal rot is a soil and seed borne, economically important fungal disease on dry bean in Turkey. Twenty bean isolates of M. phaseolina collected from different locations in Turkey during 2008 and 2012 years were studied for genetic variability using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay, chlorate sensitivity on medium supplemented with 120mM of potassium, phenotype of colony, and pathogenicity. Isolates were identified as M. phaseolina based on morhological features and PCR assays using species-specific primers (MPKF1and MPKR1). Isolates of M. phaseolina were analysed for their aggressiveness on the susceptible bean cv. Akman 98, by soil inoculation method. Isolates exhibiting a dense chlorate phenotype were chlorateresistant, while those possessing feathery and restricted chlorate phenotypes were chlorate-sensitive. More than half of the isolates (55%) were resistant to chlorate and produced dense phenotype, while 35% isolates showed feathery and two isolates (10%) showed restricted growth. DNA from 20 isolates was subjected to genetic diversity analysis by the RAPD method using 14 randomly chosen 10-base random primers, and low genetic diversity (33.3%) was observed among the tested isolates.Öğe A New Approach to Fire Blight Control: Mycorrhiza(Amer Soc Horticultural Science, 2006) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus; Akay, Aysen; Maden, SalihThe first outbreak of fire blight incited by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al. occurred on pome fruits in Turkey in 1985, and it is now one of the most serious diseases of pear, apple, quince, and loquat (Oktem and Benlioglu, 1988). In this study, experiments were conducted in Konya Province to evaluate the efficacy of Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) and bactericides for control of the shoot blight phase of fire blight and control of shoot growth on the different apple cultivars (Gala, Red Elstar, Pinova, Jonagored) on M9 rootstock in 2002 to 2003. Streptomycin provided 84.38% to 95.24% and 85.28% to 89.97% disease control in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Copper complex was not so effective against shoot blight phase of the disease, and it reduced disease by 16.18% to 27.75% and 14.48% to 19.06% in 2002 and 2003, respectively. Results of VAM application were encouraging, indicating a reduction of fire blight by Glomus intraradices of between 9.7% and 50.5% in 2002 and between 23.9% and 48.4% in 2003, respectively.Öğe Phenotypic and genetic diversity of Erwinia amylovora strains from different hosts(CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD, 2011) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus[Abstract not Available]Öğe Screening of Blackberry and Raspberry Cultivars for Susceptibility to Fire Blight Disease in Turkey(AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE, 2014) Bastas, Kubilay Kurtulus; Sahin, FikrettinFire blight is the most destructive bacterial disease of rosaceous plants containing berry fruits. The present study was conducted to determine host resistance among the extensively grown raspberry cultivars (Willamette, Rubin ye Aksu Red, Heritage, and Royalty) and blackberry cultivars (Bursa-1, Bursa-2, Bursa-3, Chester, Loch Ness, and Jumbo) to Erwinia amylovora, which is the causal agent of the fire blight disease. In the greenhouse and field experiments, the plants were inoculated with two virulent strains of E. amylovora to evaluate whether cultivar strain interactions exist. Disease index (%) and disease severity (%) were determined regarding diseased plant symptoms and classified into four susceptibility groups (HR, MR, S, and HS). Raspberry cultivar Willamette and blackberry cultivar Bursa-1 appeared to be highly susceptible with average 50% disease severity ratings. One of the raspberry cv., Royalty, was moderately resistant with an average 25% disease severity rating. This is the first study determining resistance reactions of native and common blackberry and raspberry varieties against fire blight in Turkey. As the cultivation of berries expands to new regions and larger acreages, a serious outbreak of fire blight may be potentially much more destructive in the future. Therefore, phytosanitary measures are needed to prevent any further spread of the bacterium to new blackberry- and raspberry-growing areas. The study will serve as an initial guide for growers and breeders for their appropriate raspberry and blackberry selections in Turkey.
