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Öğe Changes in selected serum components in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata(NATL VETERINARY RESEARCH INST, 2007) Col, Ramazan; Uslu, UgurChanges in selected serum components were investigated to elucidate metabolic profile in cattle naturally infected with T annulata. Statistically significant increases were observed in the mean serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase. bilirubin, creatinine, urea, and creatinine kinase, and statistically significant decreases were seen in the mean serum contents of glucose, total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol. calcium, and phosphorus, along with a nonsignificant decrease in iron level in infected animals when compared with controls (uninfected). The study has shown that T annulata infection in cattle is associated with profound biochemical changes.Öğe Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from White-Brined Urfa Cheese(INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION, 2011) Kav, Kursat; Col, Ramazan; Ardic, MustafaThe aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes in Urfa cheese samples and to characterize the enterotoxigenic potential of these isolates. From a total of 127 Urfa cheese samples, 53 isolates (from 41.7% of the samples) were identified by a species-specific PCR assay as S. aureus. Of these isolates, 40 (75.5%) gave positive PCR results for the 3' end of the coa gene. The coa-positive S. aureus strains were characterized for their population levels and enterotoxigenic properties, including slime factor, beta-lactamase, antibiotic susceptibilities, production of the classical SEs (SEA through SEE), in both cheese and liquid cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and for the presence of specific genes, including classical SE genes (sea through see), mecA, femA, and spa, by PCR. The genetic relatedness among the coa-positive S. aureus isolates was investigated by PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and the 235 rRNA gene spacer. The 23S rRNA gene spacer and coo RFLP analysis using AluI and Hin6I revealed 14 different patterns. SEB, SEC, and SEA and SEE were detected by ELISA in three cheese samples. Fourteen S. aureus strains harbored enterotoxin genes sea through see, and three strains carried multiple toxin genes. The most commonly detected toxin gene was sec (25% of tested strains). Of the 40 analyzed S. aureus strains, 3 (7.5%) were mecA positive. Based on tandem repeats, four coa and spa types were identified. The results of this study indicate that S. aureus and SEs are present at significant levels in Urfa cheese. These toxins can cause staphylococcal food poisoning, creating a serious hazard for public health.Öğe Detection of aflatoxin M1 levels by ELISA in white-brined Urfa cheese consumed in Turkey(ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2011) Kav, Kursat; Col, Ramazan; Tekinsen, K. KaanAflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 found in a variety of foods. In this study, 127 samples of white-brined Urfa cheese produced mainly in the southeast of Turkey from raw ovine and bovine milks were surveyed for the presence of AFM1 using a competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique. The results showed that at detectable levels (>= 50 ng/kg), 36 cheese samples (28.3%) were contaminated with AFM1 ranging from 70.61 to 770.97 ng/kg. Of the 36 cheese samples, 13 (10.2%) were found to have levels that exceeded the legal limits of 250 ng/kg established by the Turkish Food Codex. Consequently, the AFM1 contamination levels determined in this study in white-brined Urfa Cheese, which is commonly consumed in the southeast part of Turkey, were not considered to be a serious public health hazard. It was considered to be a potential risk for customers, particularly for infant health. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe EFFECT OF RECOMBINANT INTERLEUKIN-10 ON SOME HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN A RAT ENDOTOXAEMIC MODEL(AKADEMIAI KIADO RT, 2011) Col, Ramazan; Durgun, ZaferRecombinant interleukin-10 (rIL10) has been found to suppress the synthesis of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tissue factor and to improve survival from experimental sepsis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of rIL-10 on lipopolysaccharide( LPS-) induced haematological and biochemical disturbances in rats. In the present study, 40 rats were used and divided equally into four groups. Group 1 (control group, C) was treated with 0.9% saline. Group 2: LPS was injected intravenously (1.6 mg/100 g), Group 3 received rIL10 treatment (125 mu g/kg) 2 min before 0.9% saline injection, Group 4 received rIL10 treatment 2 min before endotoxin treatment. When compared with the controls, platelet count, leukocyte count (with a marked neutrophilia and lymphopenia) and fibrinogen were decreased, while activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged in the endotoxaemic rats. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities as well as creatinine, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, while it caused a statistically significant decrease in glucose, total protein and albumin levels as compared to the control group. On the other hand, rIL10 significantly suppressed disturbances in the haematological and biochemical parameters associated with endotoxaemia. As a result, rIL10 may be efficacious in preventing haematological disorders, tissue damage and changes in lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolism in endotoxaemia.Öğe EFFECT OF VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (VIP) ON CYTOKINE LEVELS AND HAEMOSTATIC AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN A RAT ENDOTOXAEMIC MODEL(NATL VETERINARY RESEARCH INST, 2012) Col, Ramazan; Durgun, ZaferThe presented study was planned to determine whether vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could prevent cytokine haemostatic, haematological, and biochemical disturbances in LPS-treated rats. Adult male Wistar rats (weight range: 200-250 g) were used. The study included four groups: group 1 served as a control group (C); animals in group 2 were given intravenously 1.6 mg/100 g of LPS (E. coli, serotype 0.111:B4); in group 3, rats were injected intraperitoneally with 25 ng/kg of VIP; in group 4, the same doses of VIP and I,PS were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after treatments. In endotoxaemic rats, platelet count, fibrinogen, and antithrombin levels were decreased, the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were prolonged, and leucopoenia, as well as significant changes in differential leukocyte percentage were demonstrated. In addition, LPS caused statistically significant increases in plasma INF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10 levels, and AST, ALT, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations. However, it caused a statistically significant decrease in total protein and albumin levels when compared to control group. The results showed that during endotoxaemia, VIP had moderately therapeutic effect as an antiinflammatory agent, suppressing INF-alpha and IL-6, and stimulating IL-10; however, it was not effective against the adverse effect of LPS on investigated haematological and biochemical parameters.Öğe Effects of space allowance and simulated sea transport motion on behavioural and physiological responses of sheep(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2018) Navarro, Grisel; Col, Ramazan; Phillips, Clive J. C.Transporting sheep by sea exposes them to some prolonged floor motions, and their responses may depend on their space allowance. We simulated sea motion in a crate with a moveable and programmable floor, to measure behaviour and physiological responses. Nine sheep were exposed in groups of 3 for 1 h periods to Regular motion (8 roll of the floor every 15 s), Irregular motion (30 randomly selected amplitudes and duration of floor roll, with the same means as Regular), and No floor motion, at High (0.35 m(2)/head), Medium (0.30 m(2)/head), and Low (0.26 m(2)/head) space allowances, with Low representing the Australian shipping standard. Lying time (P < 0.001) and heart rate (P = 0.05) were reduced during regular motion, but aggression increased during irregular motion (P < 0.001), particularly at the end of the treatment. Both regular and irregular motion decreased rumination (P = 0.003) compared with control. Pushing (P = 0.03) and stepping (P < 0.001) were more frequent in the Low than Medium or High space allowance treatments, but only when the sheep experienced Regular motion, and particularly at the start of treatment (P = 0.03, P < 0.001) respectively. Low space allowance decreased lying time (P = 0.001) and variability in cardiac interbeat intervals (P < 0.001), increased aggression (P = 0.005) and the time sheep had their head facing downwards resting on the bars of the cage (P = 0.02), indicating stress. Therefore, both regular and irregular ship-like motion at a low space allowance led to responses that suggested stress; giving more space than the current Australian standards may increase the welfare of sheep transported by sea.Öğe An epidemiological analysis of dog behavior problems presented to an Australian behavior clinic, with associated risk factors(ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC, 2016) Col, Ramazan; Day, Cam; Phillips, Clive J. C.Records of dogs presented to a behavior clinic servicing the eastern seaboard of Australia in and around Brisbane and the Gold Coast were analyzed for principal behavior problems and the related factors, from information recorded at the time that the owner approached the clinic for assistance. Data relating to 7,858 dogs presenting with 11,521 behavior problems between 2001 and 2013 were analyzed. Twenty-two principal behavior problems were identified, of which the most common, in declining order, were aggression toward people, barking, and anxious behavior. Male dogs were at greater risk of several behavior problems, compared to female dogs. Low socioeconomic status of owners and a short period spent at home each week were also associated with a greater risk of several behavior problems. The prevalence of breeds and breed groups presented to the clinic were compared with dog registrations at the local city council, and there were more working dogs; hounds and utility dogs; and fewer terriers, toy dogs, and nonsporting dogs in the clinic population. Uncommon breeds were overrepresented in the clinic population compared to local registrations. The risk of developing behavior problems is discussed in the light of evidence about the dogs and their owners. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Evaluation of acute phase proteins, some cytokines and hemostatic parameters in dogs with sepsis(KAFKAS UNIV, VETERINER FAKULTESI DERGISI, 2015) Ok, Mahmut; Er, Cenk; Yildiz, Ramazan; Col, Ramazan; Aydogdu, Ugur; Sen, Ismail; Guzelbektes, HasanThe aim of this study was to evaluate the alterations in acute phase proteins, cytokines and hemostatic parameters in dogs with sepsis and to determine the importance of these parameters in diagnosis of the sepsis. Thirty dogs with sepsis and 9 healthy dogs were used in this study. Anorexia, depression, lethargy, hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnea, congestion in the mucosal membranes, prolonged capillary refill time, and leukocytosis or leucopenia were identified in the dogs with sepsis. The serum interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (INF-gamma), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), antithrombin III (AT III), fibrinogen, protein C (PC), and D-dimer levels were measured in all dogs. We found that the serum IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, INF-gamma, CRP and SAA concentrations were significantly elevated in dogs with sepsis as compared with healthy controls. In addition, the plasma PT and APTT levels were notably prolonged, the plasma fibrinogen, D-dimers and protein C concentrations were significantly increased. However, the antithrombin III activity was significantly decreased in the dogs with sepsis. In conclusion, the results of this study indicate that the SAA, IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha parameters play important roles in the inflammatory process in dogs with sepsis. The hemostatic abnormalities observed in dogs with sepsis may be due to the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).Öğe Haematological and coagulation profiles during severe tropical theileriosis in cattle(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2006) Col, Ramazan; Uslu, UgurThis study was conducted to measure selected haematological parameters in Holstein cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Haematological analysis indicated significant decreases in red blood cell count, haematocrit value, haemoglobin amount, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and white blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts. On the other hand, significant increases were seen in mean corpuscular volume and marked reticulocytosis in infected animals compared to the animals in the control (uninfected) group. In the coagulation profile, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were significantly prolonged, and platelet counts were significantly less in the infected group compared to those in the control group. Fibrinogen concentration was slightly higher in the infected group than that in the control group. These observations revealed that T. annulata infection in cattle is associated with marked changes in haematological and coagulation parameters.Öğe Whole-blood thrombelastography using calcium chloride activation in healthy cats(SCIENTIFIC TECHNICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TURKEY-TUBITAK, 2013) Col, Ramazan; Montgomery, Alicia; Iazbik, Maria Cristina; Defelice, Ashley; Saavedra, Paulo Vilar; Couto, GuillermoThrombelastography (TEG, Haemoscope Corp., Niles, IL, USA) allows for a global evaluation of the hemostatic system; while conventional coagulation tests typically evaluate only one part of the coagulation system, TEG simultaneously examines the interaction between platelets, clotting factors, the fibrinolytic system, and clot retraction mechanisms. Since its development, TEG has been widely employed in human clinical medicine and research, but has only recently gained popularity in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this study was to establish TEG reference ranges in healthy cats using the citrated native technique. In this study, 31 clinically healthy cats were evaluated. We sampled healthy adult cats based on the absence of clinical signs of illness, normal physical examination findings, a complete blood count, hemostasis profile results, and no previous history of bleeding disorders. The cats had 2 distinct tracings: a "normal" tracing similar to that obtained in other species, and a "high lysis" tracing. The percent of lysis at 60 min (LY60) was significantly higher and the percent of lysis at 60 min after MA is reached (CL60) was significantly lower in the "high lysis" group (P < 0.001 for both). Cats in the "high lysis" group also had a significantly shorter reaction time (P - 0.02). Based on the results, citrated native TEG may provide valuable information on global hemostasis in cats. This technique has a high coefficient of variation for the reaction time, kinetic time, and LY60 parameters, likely due to platelet retraction. It should be useful for detecting hypo-and hypercoagulable states in cats with hemostatic disturbances.
