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    Aeromonas hydrophila-associated skin lesions and septicaemia in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus)
    (SOUTH AFRICAN VET ASSN, 2005) Turutoglu, H; Ercelik, S; Corlu, M
    Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the most common bacteria associated with the aquatic environment. There are, however, limited data on A. hydrophila infection in crocodilians. The aim of this report is to describe a case of skin lesions and septicaemia associated with A. hydrophila in a Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus). A captive male crocodile in the Zoological Park of Antalya (Turkey) was found dead without showing signs of any disease. Gross examination showed brown or red-spotted skin lesions of varying size. These lesions were mostly scattered over the abdomen and occasionally on the tail and feet. At necropsy, numerous white, multifocal and randomly distributed areas were seen on the liver. Gram-stained smears from skin and liver lesions showed Gram-negative bacilli arranged in clusters. Pure cultures of A. hydrophila were recovered from skin, internal organs and blood. Isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftiofur, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, neomycin, gentamicin, and lincomycin + neomycin. A pathogenicity test was performed using this isolate on 4 male 2-year-old New Zealand white rabbits. Local abscesses formed in 2 rabbits injected subcutaneously and the 2 that were injected intraperitoneally died as a result of septicaemia. In conclusion, this report has shown that A. hydrophila may cause skin lesions and even death due to septicaemia in crocodiles.
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    Comparison of rose bengal plate test antigens prepared from Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis
    (NATL VETERINARY RESEARCH INST, 2005) Erganis, O; Hadimli, HH; Solmaz, H; Corlu, M
    Rose bengal plate test (RBPT) antigens from Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis S 2 were prepared and compared with RBPT antigen prepared from classical Brucella abortus S 99. A total of 54 sera samples, of which 7 were collected from humans with brucellosis and 47 from infected sheep, were studied by using RBPT and serum agglutination test (SAT). RBPT and SAT results showed that RBPT antigens prepared from Br. melitensis and Br. suis S 2 were compatible with RBPT antigen prepared from Br. abortus S 99. Therefore, we concluded that RBPT antigens can be prepared from Br. melitensis and Br. suis S 2 and used for epidemiological surveilance of human and sheep brucellosis.
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    Efficacies of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus infection in Anatolian shepherd dog monocytes in vitro
    (M H SCHAPER GMBH CO KG, 2005) Bas, AL; Simsek, A; Erganis, O; Corlu, M
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the intracellular activity of two types of liposome-encapsulated enrofloxacin (LE) compared with free enrofloxacin and non-treated control against Staphylococcus aureus, phagocytosed by monocytes in healthy Anatolian Shepherd dogs. Enrofloxacin was encapsulated with two different types of liposome in multilamellar large vesicles (MLV). Type A MLV were composed of 15 mg phosphatidylcholine and 35 mg cholesterol, Type B MLV were composed of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and enrofloxacin in a molar ratio of 1:1:1. Intracellular activity was estimated by comparing the numbers of bacteria surviving intracellularly in monocytes exposed to free enrofloxacin and LE for 4 h at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mu g/ml, with those surviving intracellularly in untreated control monocytes. All three forms of enrofloxacin (free, Type A and B liposomes) increased the intracellular killing of S. aureus in a concentration dependent manner. Comparison of 1 mu g/ml Type B LE revealed that killing activity was significantly higher than those of other concentrations. The results showed that LE was superior in reducing the number of intracellularly located bacteria compared to the free drug and control. The beneficial effect of liposomal encapsulation is presumably due to the fact that both liposomes and bacteria are localized at the same spot in phagocytic cells.
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    Hemagglutination, Hydrophobicity, Enterotoxigenicity, and Drug-Resistance Characteristics of Avian Escherichia coli
    (American Association of Avian Pathologists, 1989) Erganıs, O; Kaya, O; Corlu, M; Istanbulluoglu, E
    Caracteristicas hemoaglutinantes, hidrof6bicas, enterotoxigenicas y resistencia a drogas de Escherichia coli aviar. Se examinaron 35 cepas de Escherichia coli obtenidas de tejidos tomados a la necropsia de aves con septicemia provenientes de la regi6n de Konya, Turquia. Las caracteristicas examinadas fueron: hemoaglutinaci6n, hidrofobicidad en la superficie celular, enterotoxigenicidad y resistencia a las drogas. La prueba de hemoaglutinaci6n fue hecha con y sin manosa en cultivos vivos utilizando eritrocitos humanos (tipo A), bovinos, aviares (de pollo) y de cobayo. Nueve patrones hemoaglutinantes fueron observados. De las 35 cepas, 62.8% fueron sensibles a la manosa, 8.6% fueron resistentes y 28.6% no hemaglutinaron. El 85.7% de las cepas fueron hidrof6bicas usando la prueba de adici6n de sal. Solo 3 cepas fueron enterotoxig&nicas en la prueba con ratones lactantes. La mayoria de las cepas fueron resistentes al cloranfenicol, tetraciclina, estreptomicina, ampicilina, eritromicina y trimetropina + sulfametoxazola, pero fueron altamente sensibles a la gentamicina y al acido nalidixico.