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Öğe An Analysis of Analogies Used in Secondary School Biology Textbooks: Case of Turkey(Anı Yayıncılık, 2010) Dikmenli, MusaProblem Statement: Analogies can help make science concepts meaningful to learners but only when used appropriately. They can visualise abstract concepts and motivate. For this reason, analogies are common in biology textbooks. However, previous studies have suggested that analogies are used randomly and carelessly in science textbooks. This situation can cause students to misunderstand scientific concepts. From this point of view, it is considered that analysing the analogies used in biology textbooks will benefit students and teachers. Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study is to analyse the types of analogies used in secondary school biology textbooks in Turkey and investigate how these analogies are presented. Method: A document examination technique was used in this research. Seven secondary school biology textbooks were investigated. Determined analogies in the textbooks were classified as follows: analogical relationship, presentational format, level of abstraction, position of the analogue relevant to the target, level of enrichment, pre-topic orientation and the limitations of the analogy. Findings and Results: A total of 119 analogies were determined in the biology textbooks. A considerable proportion of those were related to cell structure and function, including cells and organelles such as the factory analogy for cell structure and function and power generator analogy for mitochondria. It was determined that analogies were configured mostly as structural, verbal, concerte-abstract, embedded activator and simple analogies. Most were not configured in accordance with analogy-based teaching models. Therefore students can develop misconceptions. Analogies that only indicate superficial similarities can confuse students, and these must be elaborated and made interesting for students. To prevent misconceptions, it is necessary to indicate the irrelevant features of the target and analogue concepts. Conclusions and Recommendations: When preparing biology textbooks, the principles highlighted by teaching models such as the teaching with analogies model should be taken into consideration.Öğe Biology Student Teachers' Ideas About Purpose of Laboratory Work(2009) Dikmenli, MusaThe aim of this study is to investigate biology student teachers' ideas about the purpose of laboratory work in teaching biology. Data has been collected from 82 participating students using an open-ended questionnaire and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results show that almost all of the student teachers considered laboratory work an integral part of teaching biology. However, participating students focused on the verification of theoretical knowledge and laboratory techniques as the main purpose of laboratory work. Furthermore, most of the participating students ignored the purposes relating to scientific process skills and the nature of science. These results are compared with related literature and recommendations are provided.Öğe Biology Students' Conceptual Structures Regarding Global Warming(Sıla Science, 2010) Dikmenli, MusaGlobal warming is one of the most important environmental issues to affect the present and the future of mankind. The purpose of this study was to investigate biology students' conceptual structures regarding global warming. Data were collected from 118 students using a free word association test. The results of this study have shown the conceptual structure of the participating students relating to global warming in its various aspects. It was seen that the participating students knew of, and could conceive of to a degree, at least one basic aspect of the global warming issue. However, it was also seen that the conceptual structure of these students relating to global warming was quite simple, superficial, and limited. Furthermore, it was determined that the conceptual structure of the participating students was based on the effects of this phenomenon rather than the causes and sources thereof. Moreover, these students had some alternative conceptions about global warming, and these alternative conceptions were similar to those determined during previous research. For example, some of the students were erroneously associating global warming with ozone layer depletion, skin cancer, and unleaded petrol. These results were compared with related literature and recommendations were developed.Öğe Conceptual Problems in Biology-Related Topics in Primary Science and Technology Textbooks in Turkey(2009) Dikmenli, Musa; Çardak, Osman; Öztaş, FulyaDetermination of conceptual problems which may cause alternative conceptions in science and technology textbooks is significant to increase in success of pupils and teachers. It is a vital issue to arrange books in a way removing or decreasing these faults in order to improve a better education via textbooks. This study aims to determine conceptual problems which may cause alternative conceptions in biology topics in science and technology textbooks of primary schools. In this study, the units of each textbook were analyzed page by page according to document examination method and conceptual problems were determined. The founded conceptual problems have been classified such as; misidentifications, overgeneralizations, oversimplifications, obsolete concepts and terms, under generalizations. The finding of research results have been shown that various conceptual problems which may cause alternative conceptions in pupils' textbooks about biology topics. The obtained results of research were compared with related literature and in the light of findings some recommendations were developed for future planning and development activities pupils' textbooks.Öğe The effects of acrylamide on the frequency of megakaryocytic emperipolesis and the mitotic activity of rat bone marrow cells(WILEY, 2011) Yener, Yesim; Dikmenli, MusaBACKGROUND: Although the pathophysiological importance of emperipolesis is not known exactly, it has been reported to increase significantly in cases of various cancer types, different tumours and thrombosis disorders. In this study the effects of acrylamide on the frequency of megakaryocytic emperipolesis and the mitotic activity in rat bone marrow cells were determined. For this purpose, two separate experiments were performed with Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged with 0, 30, 45 and 60 mg acrylamide kg(-1) body weight (BW) for five consecutive days. In the second experiment, 3 mg colchicine kg(-1) BW was injected intraperitoneally 2 h before cervical dislocation. Bone marrow samples were taken 24 h after the last application in both experiments. RESULTS: It was found that only the highest dose of acrylamide significantly decreased the incidence of megakaryocytic emperipolesis and that the types of bone marrow cells engulfed by megakaryocytes were mostly neutrophil granulocytes. Neither megakaryocytes nor engulfed cells showed any morphological degeneration. In the mitotic activity experiment, doses of 45 and 60 mg acrylamide kg(-1) BW decreased the mitotic activity of bone marrow cells in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the decrease in megakaryocytic emperipolesis frequency might be a consequence of the decrease in mitotic activity in bone marrow cells. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical IndustryÖğe High School Students' Images of an Environmental Scientist(SILA SCIENCE, 2010) Dikmenli, Musa; Çardak, Osman; Öztaş, Fulya; Yakışan, MehmetUnderstanding the nature of science and how an environmental scientist works develops the abilities of the students in participating in environmental discussions and critically evaluating environmental problems. Therefore, it is important to work on the image of the scientist, as well as attitudes towards scientists. The purpose of this study is to investigate high school students' images of environmental scientists. In this respect, six questions were used to determine 227 high school seniors' images of environmental scientists. The students were asked to draw a picture of an environmental scientist. In addition, questions were asked on the age of the environmental scientist, his or her job, work setting, and sources of images. In the analysis of the data, firstly, the number of the drawings depicted by the students and the gender of the scientists in these drawings were determined. Then, each drawing was evaluated according to indicators of a standard image of a scientist determined in previous research. A description method was used in analyzing the data. The students' answers were coded and the frequency distribution shown. It was determined in this study that high school students generated drawings displaying both positive and negative images of a scientist. Some of those drawings showed similarities with stereotypical images of scientists reported in previous research.Öğe Kemik İliğinde Gözlenen Megakaryositik Emperipolez Olayı Üzerine Işık Mikroskobu Düzeyinde Bir Araştırma(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, 2008) Yener, Yeşim; Dikmenli, MusaMegakaryositik emperipolez "megakaryositlerin çeşitli kemik iliği hücrelerini içine alması veya yutması" şeklinde tanımlanan bir olaydır. Yapılan bütün taramalarda, kemik iliği hücrelerini sitoplazmalarında taşıyan megakaryositik hücrelerin çoğunlukla olgun megakaryositler olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Lise 1 Biyoloji Ders Kitaplarındaki Kavram Yanılgıları Üzerine Bir Araştırma(2004) Dikmenli, Musa; Çardak, OsmanSon yıllarda, kavram yanılgıları ile ilgili çalışmaların çoğu öğrenciler ve öğretmenler üzerine odaklanmıştır. Fakat biyoloji ders kitaplarındaki kavram yanılgıları ile ilgili yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2003-2004 öğretim yılında lise 1. sınıflarda okutulmakta olan biyoloji ders kitaplarında "Canlılığın Temel Birimi - Hücre" ünitesindeki kavram yanılgılarını belirlemektir. Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından önerilen 4 adet lise 1 biyoloji ders kitabı olduğu belirlenmiş ve bunlardan 3 tanesinde kavram yanılgılarına rastlanmıştır. Ünite metinlerindeki her cümle anlam bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda 14 kavram yanılgısı ve 10 eksik bilgi tespit edilmiştir. Kavram yanılgılarından bazıları şunlardır; "Plastitler sadece bitki hücrelerinde bulunan organellerdir", "Bir kromozom iki kromatitten oluşmaktadır", "Mayoz ergenlik döneminde başlar, üreme dönemi boyunca sürer". Tespit edilen kavram yanılgılarının lise öğrencilerinde görülen kavram yanılgıları ile benzerlik göstermesi, kavram yanılgılarının ders kitaplarından da kaynaklanabileceği görüşünü desteklemektedir.Öğe Misconceptions of Cell Division Held by Student Teachers in Biology: A Drawing Analysis(ACADEMİC JOURNALS, 2010) Dikmenli, MusaThe purpose of this study was to identify biology student teachers' misconceptions of cell divisions using drawings and interviews. Data were collected from 124 biology student teachers. An analysis of drawings and interviews suggested that biology student teachers have a series of significant problems and misconceptions regarding cell division and structuring of concepts in a meaningful manner. These problems were mainly associated with meiosis rather than mitosis. The students confused the stages of the cell division process and the events occurring at these stages. Some misconceptions identified from this study included that DNA replication occurs in the prophase during the cell division, interphase is the resting phase of mitosis, the chromosome number is doubled in prophase of mitosis and halved in anaphase of mitosis, the chromosome number remains the same during meiosis-I and it is halved during meiosis-II, and a chromosome has always two chromatids during cell division. These results were compared with related literature and recommendations were made for teachers and researchers for future studies to overcome students' misconceptions.Öğe Normal ve UV ile ışınlanan spalax leucodon (Rodentia: Spalacidae) kemik iliğinde megakaryositik emperipolesis ve mikotik aktivitenin incelenmesi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2000-04-21) Dikmenli, Musa; Güven, TuranBu çalışmada Konya ili çevresinden temin edilen 2n = 60 kromozoma sahip toplam 54 adet ergin Spalax leucodon (körfare) örneği kullanılmıştır. Normal (ışınlanmamış) ve 56, 112, 168 saat süreyle ultraviyoleye maruz bırakılan hayvanların kemik iliği numunelerinde megakaryositik emperipolesis ve mitotik aktivite ışık mikroskobuyla incelenmiştir. Megakaryositik emperipolesis oram kontrol grubu hayvanlarda % 7.23, 56 saat ışınlanan hayvanlarda % 11.53, 112 saat ışınlanan hayvanlarda % 23.06 ve 168 saat ışınlanan hayvanlarda ise % 28.01 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Megakaryositler tarafindan yutulan hücrelerin daha çok nötrofîl granülositler olduğu, megakaryositler ve bunlar tarafindan yutulan hücrelerde morfolojik bir dejenerasyon meydana gelmediği gözlenmiştir. Mitotik aktivite oranında ise özellikle 168 saat ışınlanan hayvanlarda bir düşüş meydana gelmişse de bu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmamıştır. UV ışınlamasının Spalax leucodon kemik iliğinde megakaryositik emperipolesis'i önemli derecede arttırdığı, mitotik aktivitede ise gözlenen kısmi düşüşe rağmen önemli bir değişikliğe sebep olmadığı ve megakaryositik emperipolesis' in fagositozdan farklı bir olay olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.Öğe Science Student Teachers' Ideas about the 'Gene' Concept(ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2011) Dikmenli, Musa; Cardak, Osman; Kiray, S. AhmetThe purpose of this study is to investigate science student teachers' ideas about the 'gene' concept. This study focuses on the following questions: What kind of descriptions do science student teachers ascribe to gene? What categories can be derived from these descriptions in terms of common features? A total of 140 participating students, who were studying to become primary science teachers at the Ahmet Kelesoglu Faculty of Education of Selcuk University in Turkey, participated in this study. To reveal participating students' ideas about the 'gene' concept they were asked to respond two open questions: (1) What is a gene in your opinion? (2) The participating students were asked to complete a free word association test. In the test, the term 'gene' was presented as a stimulus word. Data obtained from the questions were analyzed and the frequencies of the responses were classified in different categories. The results are compared with related literature and recommendations are provided.Öğe Science student teachers' metaphors for scientists(SILA SCIENCE, 2012) Dikmenli, Musa; Cardak, Osman; Yener, DundarThe purpose of this study is to investigate science student teachers' perceptions of the concept of 'scientists' by means of metaphor analysis. This study focuses on the following questions: (1) what are the metaphors produced by science student teachers to describe 'scientists'? (2) what categories of common features can be derived from these metaphors? The study was carried out among the 1(st), 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) grade students studying in the Programme of Primary Science Education at Selcuk University in November 2010. Data were collected from 374 participating students using an open-ended questionnaire and analysed using content analysis techniques. As a result of the data analysis, it was found that 85 valid metaphors were developed by the participating students. These metaphors were classified using nine conceptual categories: (1) the scientist as a hardworking and productive figure; (2) the scientist as a wise figure; (3) the scientist as a figure devoting himself/herself to humanity; (4) the scientist as a figure steering the society; (5) the scientist as a curious figure; (6) the scientist as an antisocial figure; (7) the scientist as a questioning-researching figure; (8) the scientist as an objective figure, and (9) the scientist as a mad figure. The results of this study have shown that, as well as having primarily positive perceptions of the concept of a 'scientist', science student teachers also have some negative perceptions and utilise stereotypical images, such as in the categories of the scientist as an asocial figure and the scientist as a mad figure. These results are compared with the relevant literature and recommendations are provided.Öğe Student Science Teachers' Ideas About Endangered Bird Species: Hermit Ibis, Chukar Partridge(2009) Çardak, Osman; Dikmenli, MusaIn this study, student science teachers' ideas and views of endangered bird species and their protection are analysed. 173 student science teachers studying at Selcuk University in the department of science education, participated in the study. Data analysis provides evidence that the majority of students thought that human intervention is required to protect endangered birds. Student teachers gave their opinions relating to hunting prohibitions, preventing pollution and protecting the environment and appropriate environmental possibilities for reproduction of bird species. Literature on the subject has been scanned, results have been discussed, and some recommendations relating to protection of endangered bird species have been made.Öğe A Study on Biology Student Teachers’ Conceptions of Learning(Elsevier Science Bv, 2010) Dikmenli, Musa; Çardak, OsmanThe purpose of this study is to investigate biology student teachers' conceptions of learning. This study focuses on the following question: How do biology student teachers conceptualize the term "learning"? A total of 86 biology students, who were studying to become secondary biology teachers at the education faculty of a university in Turkey, participated in this study. To reveal participating students' conceptions of learning they were asked to answer the open-ended question: "What is learning?''. Data obtained from the question was analyzed and the frequencies of the responses were classified in six categories. The results of this study have shown that the variation of participating students' conceptions of learning includes all of six conceptions of learning identified originally by Marton et al. (1993). Participants focused mainly on the conceptions of learning as the increase of knowledge and learning as the acquisition of facts or procedures. These results are compared with related literature and recommendations are provided.Öğe Türkiye'de yaşayan yer sincabı, spermophilus citellus linneous, 1766 (mammalia: Rodentila) alttürlerinin taksonomisinde boş iskeleti ve diş köklerinin önemi(Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 1996-07-17) Dikmenli, Musa; Kaya, M. AliBu çalışma, Türkiye'nin Trakya, Doğu Anadolu ve İç Anadolu bölgelerinde yaşayan Spermophilus citellus (Linnaeus, 1766) alttürlerinin tip yerleri ve tip yerlerine yakın yerlerden toplanan 79 erkek ve 74 dişi olmak üzere toplam 153 örnek üzerinde yapılmıştır. Elde edilen örneklerin baş iskeletlerinin dorsal, lateral, ventral ve alt çene kısımlarından 27 özellik ölçüsü alınmış, diş kök ve alveollerinin şekli stereo - mikroskopta çizilerek incelenmiştir. Baş iskeletleri morfolojik ve biyometrik olarak karşılaştırılmış, diş kök ve alveollerinin varyasyonları belirlenmiştir. Morfolojik ve baculum özelliklerine göre ayrılan taksonlann, bu çalışma sonucunda baş iskeleti, diş kök ve alveollerinin durumuna göre de ayrıldıkları tespit edilmiştir.
